Introduction:
Mandated restrictions on outdoor physical activity (PA) during the coronavirus pandemic disrupted the lifeworld of millions of people and led to a contradictory situation. On the one ...hand, PA was perceived as risky behaviour, as it might facilitate transmission of the virus. On the other hand, while taking precautions, regular PA was an important tool to promote the population's health during the lockdown.
Methods:
This paper examines the differences in government restrictions on PA in France, Germany, and Italy during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on techniques of qualitative content analysis and apply a critical theoretical framework to assess the countries' restrictions on PA.
Results:
Our analysis shows that the restrictions on PA varied in the three countries, in all three countries. This variance is attributed both to differences in the timing and severity of the pandemic in the countries analysed, as well as to the divergence in the relationships between the countries' sport and health systems.
Conclusion:
At the national level, the variance in restrictions on PA reflect the differences in the spread of the coronavirus and in the health systems' understanding of and approach to PA. The global scientific discourse on the pandemic represents a further key influencing factor. The management of the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated that the extreme complexity of societies in terms of public health, politics, and the economy pose challenges and unsolvable contradictions.
The recent flow of immigrants to Italy and France, two countries that are the principal destinations after crossing the Mediterranean Sea, has turned out to be a complex and multidimensional problem ...to manage. Both France and Italy organised a complex method for welcoming and distributing the migrants around their territory as much as possible, hosting them in structures adapted or created for this purpose.On the Italian side, two main issues might be identified and analysed: on the one hand the humanitarian emergency of the reception of the migrants, on the other hand, the difficult processes of social integration/inclusion which were put in place. On the French side, these issues are linked to the managing of the risk of radicalisation, in a context in which the memory of the recent terrorist attacks remains vivid.In dealing with the management of the process of social integration/inclusion, sport has proven to be an important (although controversial) opportunity for social inclusion of young immigrants. Micro participatory action-research has highlighted the potential given by a shared cultural framework, such as that provided by the practice of sport. On the Italian side, these practices have not yet been institutionalised, while on the French side there is a more organic strategy, based on a longer standing tradition of using sport as a means of social inclusion.Starting from this premise about the situation of the two countries, we will propose a descriptive and theoretical comparison based on some case studies that we consider significant in terms of the French and Italian approach to social inclusion through sports.
En este artículo se traza la historia del desarrollo de la producción de vino en el Abruzo, una región en el centro de Italia, en la provincia de Teramo, a través de la investigación bibliográfica. ...Se centra en el cambio de paradigma adoptado durante la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, cuando los vinicultores comenzaron a orientarse hacia la producción de vinos de calidad, incluso a expensas de la cantidad. El marco teórico sobre la sociedad moderna y sus implicaciones con tradiciones e innovaciones se basa en las ideas de Beck et al. (1997), según las cuales la tradición se considera un medio para replicar el pasado. La hipótesis aquí es que el patrimonio cultural representado por el vino, la producción de vino y lo que estos pueden crear (es decir, el paisaje) pueden convertirse en verdaderos impulsores del turismo en el norte del Abruzo, como sucedió en Mendoza, Argentina. En el contexto del desarrollo regional y la innovación, hay esperanzas de un mayor énfasis en el enoturismo, capaz de generar desarrollo social y económico y una mayor protección del territorio, como se ha visto en Argentina. Las investigaciones revelan el potencial no aprovechado de la región italiana, principalmente debido a obstáculos tecnológicos. En este sentido, la literatura respalda la idea de que las rutas del vino podrían ser un medio válido para promover y desarrollar la cultura y el patrimonio local.
Based on Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model, this article focuses on the multidimensionality of radicalization and its relationship with community culture by observing the problem of social ...isolation. In this framework, sports provide contexts in which forms of social collaboration are necessary, the “rules of the game” must be embraced, and there is close interaction among fellow players. These characteristics can turn organized sports into observatories on (potential) juvenile radicalization through identifying “early warning signals” that are mainly detected by observing those conducts that may reveal a potential risk. In the provided extensive literature review, it comes that these signs can be traced, for instance, in the lack of self-esteem, in the absence of significant bonds, in the intolerance towards values, as well as in extreme introverted behaviour of the young subjects. Alongside such premises, this paper aims to understand whether and to what extent it is possible to hypothesize the shaping of strategies able to prevent radicalization in various contexts. Alongside such premises, this paper is aimed at understanding whether, and to what extent, it is possible to hypothesize the shaping of strategies able to avert radicalisation in various contexts, prevention based on the idea that the interaction between the individual and the environment—in the sense provided by the Chicago School—is heavily influenced by the progressive adaptation of human organism to its surrounding environment.
Even if related to the seminal work of Kurt Lewin dating back to 1946, participatory approaches like action research still represent a relevant theoretical and practical set of methodologies for ...social work and research. In this article, after a brief overview of this methodological approach, the use of this paradigm in social work is explored, with a special focus on the development of symbolic and material resources within local communities. The processes and forms of involvement are examined with regard to the Italian experience of local development. An application of the participatory methodology stemming from a phenomenological approach proposed by Achille Ardigò, a well-known Italian sociologist, is employed. Following these premises, a procedural model enhancing the development of social groups is considered as the building block of community development. Short examples are provided. It is concluded that, in the process of local development, the symbolic and the immaterial dimensions need to be stimulated, as well as the material and the infrastructural ones. In order to achieve this, correct tools are needed.
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The dominant approach to much of the research in the field of tourist hospitality appears, like much of the current research, to adopt a positivist perspective, with a clear emphasis on data ...collection and processing, as well as data analysis. The existence of qualitative research methods in the field of management allows the researcher to approach and interpret in a different way the latent meaning of organisational action, otherwise a little or not at all comprehensible. In this context, "action research" occupies a privileged place. The concept of "action research" refers to multiple research systems and methodological proposals, which oppose the traditional separation between research (with its specific methods), theory and possible results or applications to a specific object. Its history and its various evolutions may represent a privileged perspective for questioning the multiple evolutions of applied and public sociology, and more specifically of the methodology of social research. And therefore, also to look at the national specificities, dialogues and forms of disciplinary hybridizations that have accompanied the course of social sciences. This article illustrates the evolution of action research and its variants, focusing mainly on the Anglo-Saxon tradition, considered the most suitable for a reading of the epistemological evolution of this methodology, keeping an eye on the Italian and French perspectives. This perspective will also allow us to observe the recent development of certain sociological trends characterised by a more "committed" or "professional" application, applicable to the field of tourist hospitality.
L’approche dominante d’une grande partie de la recherche dans le domaine de l’hospitalité touristique apparait, comme une grande partie de la recherche actuelle, une perspective positiviste, avec un accent particulier posé sur le recueil et le traitement des données, ainsi que sur leur analyse. L'existence de méthodes de recherche qualitative dans le domaine du management permet au chercheur d'approcher et d’interpréterd’une manière différente le sens latent de l'action organisationnelle, autrement peu ou pas du tout compréhensible. Dans ce cadre, la « recherche-action » occupe une place privilégiée. Le concept de « recherche-action » fait référence à des systèmes de recherches et des propositions méthodologiques multiples, qui s’opposent à la séparation traditionnelle entre recherche (avec ses méthodes spécifiques), théorie et possibles résultats ou applications à un objet spécifique. Son histoire et ses différentes évolutions peuvent représenter une perspective privilégiée pour questionner les nombreuses évolutions de la sociologie appliquée et de la sociologie publique, et plus spécifiquement de la méthodologie de la recherche sociale. Et donc également pour se pencher sur les spécificités nationales, les dialogues et les formes d'hybridations disciplinaires qui ont caractérisé le parcours des sciences sociales. Dans le cadre de cet article, on va illustrer l’évolution de la recherche-action et de ses variantes, en nous penchant principalement sur la tradition anglosaxonne, considérée comme la plus adaptée pour une lecture de l’évolution épistémologique de cette méthodologie, en gardant un œil sur les perspectives italienne et française. Cette perspective nous permettra également d’observer le développement récent de certains courants sociologiques caractérisés par une application plus « engagée » ou plus « professionnelle », applicable au milieu de l’hospitalité touristique.
The dominant approach to much of the research in the field of tourist hospitality appears, like much of the current research, to adopt a positivist perspective, with a clear emphasis on data ...collection and processing, as well as data analysis. The existence of qualitative research methods in the field of management allows the researcher to approach and interpret in a different way the latent meaning of organisational action, otherwise a little or not at all comprehensible. In this context, "action research" occupies a privileged place. The concept of "action research" refers to multiple research systems and methodological proposals, which oppose the traditional separation between research (with its specific methods), theory and possible results or applications to a specific object. Its history and its various evolutions may represent a privileged perspective for questioning the multiple evolutions of applied and public sociology, and more specifically of the methodology of social research. And therefore, also to look at the national specificities, dialogues and forms of disciplinary hybridizations that have accompanied the course of social sciences. This article illustrates the evolution of action research and its variants, focusing mainly on the Anglo-Saxon tradition, considered the most suitable for a reading of the epistemological evolution of this methodology, keeping an eye on the Italian and French perspectives. This perspective will also allow us to observe the recent development of certain sociological trends characterised by a more "committed" or "professional" application, applicable to the field of tourist hospitality.
Recent crises, from the economic and migratory to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, have dramatically affected all areas of individual and collective life - and sport and physical activity are no ...exception. The main aim of this special issue is to bring researchers interested in sports and physical activity to propose their works. The focus of this special issue lays in the new challenges that sociology of sports and physical activity have to face to understand these new complex scenarios, the main issues we had to face, the successes, the criticalities and the lessons learned.
The s.c. «third dimension» is one of the first definitions given in the sociological arena to define the development of a ate element that was not identifiable with generalist instances of the state ...or with those particularistic of the market. Deriving its conceptualization from the Husserlian theory, Ardigò through the use this approach emphasizing the need to reconstruct the crisis through new forms of transaction between the social system and life-worlds. The use of this conceptualization led to the identification of these intermediary organizations between different systems. The text takes a brief overview of the third dimension organizations and the way how they operate the reconciliation between inter-subjectivity and super-ordination present in the systemic sense. It is proposed a scheme of interpretation, drawn from the author in question, through which classifying not merely the organization but the possible interconnections between micro and macro and their consequences. It is concluded that the abandon of the analytical perspective proposed by Ardigò, primarily for the affirmation of a vision of an economic nature, was determined both by the theoretical vulgate established around of the 90, and the difficulty in operationalizing a definition that owed much to the knowledge from the phenomenology of the Bolognese scientist.
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