Persulfates activation by carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been evidenced as nonradical systems for oxidation of organic pollutants. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) possess discrepant ...atomic structures and redox potentials, while the nature of their distinct behaviors in carbocatalytic activation has not been investigated. Herein, we illustrated that the roles of nitrogen species in CNT-based persulfate systems are intrinsically different. In PMS activation mediated by nitrogen-doped CNT (N-CNT), surface chemical modification (N-doping) can profoundly promote the adsorption quantity of PMS, consequently elevate potential of derived nonradical N-CNT–PMS* complexes, and boost organic oxidation efficiency via an electron-transfer regime. In contrast, PDS adsorption was not enhanced upon incorporating N into CNT due to the limited equilibrium adsorption quantity of PDS, leading to a relatively lower oxidative potential of PDS/N-CNT system and a mediocre degradation rate. However, with equivalent persulfate adsorption on N-CNT at a low quantity, PDS/N-CNT exhibited a stronger oxidizing capacity than PMS/N-CNT because of the intrinsic higher redox potential of PDS than PMS. The oxidation rates of the two systems were in great linearity with the potentials of carbon–persulfate* complexes, suggesting N-CNT activation of PMS and PDS shared the similar electron-transfer oxidation mechanism. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the intrinsic roles of heteroatom doping in nanocarbons for persulfates activation and unveils the principles for a rational design of reaction-oriented carbocatalysts for persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Generation of hydroxyl radicals in the Fenton system (FeII/H2O2) is seriously limited by the sluggish kinetics of FeIII reduction and fast FeIII precipitation. Here, boron crystals (C‐Boron) ...remarkably accelerate the FeIII/FeII circulation in Fenton‐like systems (C‐Boron/FeIII/H2O2) to produce a myriad of hydroxyl radicals with excellent efficiencies in oxidative degradation of various pollutants. The surface B−B bonds and interfacial suboxide boron in the surface B12 icosahedra are the active sites to donate electrons to promote fast FeIII reduction to FeII and further enhance hydroxyl radical production via Fenton chemistry. The C‐Boron/FeIII/H2O2 system outperforms the benchmark Fenton (FeII/H2O2) and FeIII‐based sulfate radical systems. The reactivity and stability of crystalline boron is much higher than the popular molecular reducing agents, nanocarbons, and other metal/metal‐free nanomaterials.
The unique B12 unit of crystalline boron experiences step‐wise cleavage of B−B bond and rapidly provides electrons for FeIII reduction to FeII. This boosts the oxidation capability of the Fenton systems remarkably to oxidize a diversity of organic pollutants with exceptional stability.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) is a threat to human health.
Dendrobium officinale
polysaccharide (DOP) has the potential to protect the liver by enhancing the anti-oxidative system to maintain ...the relative balance of ROS (active oxygen species) and antioxidants in AALI mice. However, the dynamic improvement effect of DOP on AALI is still not clear and accurate medication guidance is not available, which limits the clinical application of DOP. Because of the advantages of high sensitivity, noninvasiveness, and visualization, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been widely studied in biochemistry and biomedicine. As the glutathione (GSH) level in the liver is closely related to the progression of AALI, herein, an NIR fluorescent probe for GSH, HCG was used to dynamically evaluate the effect of DOP on AALI mice. In this study, DOP was proven to maintain the relative balance of GSH content in the liver to protect it from damage. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to assess the effect of DOP on AALI mice through a NIR fluorescence imaging technique. This study may also provide a potential NIR imaging agent for the clinical research to improve the management of liver injury–related diseases.
Graphical abstract
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is one of the most important cool-season perennial forage grasses that is widely cultivated in the world and is highly tolerant to stressful conditions. However, ...little is known about the mechanisms underlying this tolerance. The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factor family is a large plant-specific gene family that actively participates in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. At present, owing to the absence of genomic information, NAC genes have not been systematically studied in orchardgrass. The recent release of the complete genome sequence of orchardgrass provided a basic platform for the investigation of DgNAC proteins.
Using the recently released orchardgrass genome database, a total of 108 NAC (DgNAC) genes were identified in the orchardgrass genome database and named based on their chromosomal location. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DgNAC proteins were distributed in 14 subgroups based on homology with NAC proteins in Arabidopsis, including the orchardgrass-specific subgroup Dg_NAC. Gene structure analysis suggested that the number of exons varied from 1 to 15, and multitudinous DgNAC genes contained three exons. Chromosomal mapping analysis found that the DgNAC genes were unevenly distributed on seven orchardgrass chromosomes. For the gene expression analysis, the expression levels of DgNAC genes in different tissues and floral bud developmental stages were quite different. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed distinct expression patterns of 12 DgNAC genes in response to different abiotic stresses. The results from the RNA-seq data revealed that orchardgrass-specific NAC exhibited expression preference or specificity in diverse abiotic stress responses, and the results indicated that these genes may play an important role in the adaptation of orchardgrass under different environments.
In the current study, a comprehensive and systematic genome-wide analysis of the NAC gene family in orchardgrass was first performed. A total of 108 NAC genes were identified in orchardgrass, and the expression of NAC genes during plant growth and floral bud development and response to various abiotic stresses were investigated. These results will be helpful for further functional characteristic descriptions of DgNAC genes and the improvement of orchardgrass in breeding programs.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Awe is an emotion experience when individuals encounter with such powerful stimulate beyond their own understanding. Guided by conceptual analysis of awe as a trait positive emotion, we tested the ...hypothesis that dispositional awe results in an improvement of individual's self-transcendence meaning of life (STML) and affects future time perspective, and increase prosocial behavior. Mediational data demonstrate that the effects of awe on prosociality are explained, by improving STML self and future time perspective. These findings indicate that awe may help situate individuals within broader social contexts and enhance collective concern.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soaking with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on white clover (
cv. Haifa) seed germination under salt stress induced by 100 mM NaCl. Seeds ...soaking with GABA (1 μM) significantly alleviated salt-induced decreases in endogenous GABA content, germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, and root activity of seedling during seven days of germination. Exogenous application of GABA accelerated starch catabolism via the activation of amylase and also significantly reduced water-soluble carbohydrate, free amino acid, and free proline content in seedlings under salt stress. In addition, improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPOX, CAT, APX, DHAR, GR and MDHR) and gene transcript levels (
,
,
,
,
,
,
and
) was induced by seeds soaking with GABA, followed by decreases in O₂
, H₂O₂, and MDA accumulation during germination under salt stress. Seeds soaking with GABA could also significantly improve Na⁺/K⁺ content and transcript levels of genes encoding Na⁺/K⁺ transportation (
,
,
,
and
) in seedlings of white clover. Moreover, exogenous GABA significantly induced the accumulation of dehydrins and expression of genes encoding dehydrins (
, and
) in seedlings under salt stress. These results indicate that GABA mitigates the salt damage during seeds germination through enhancing starch catabolism and the utilization of sugar and amino acids for the maintenance of growth, improving the antioxidant defense for the alleviation of oxidative damage, increasing Na⁺/K⁺ transportation for the osmotic adjustment, and promoting dehydrins accumulation for antioxidant and osmotic adjustment under salt stress.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract The current study investigated the relationship between parental attachment and depressive symptoms as well as the mediating effect of self-control in two different cultures. Samples were ...1305 Chinese and 1327 Italian adolescents. They completed the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment, the Self-Restraint Subscale of the Adolescents' Self-Consciousness Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory that assessed parental attachment, self-control, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results showed that: (1) Few cultural differences in depressive symptom were observed. (2) Parental attachment and self-control were negatively related to depressive symptoms in both cultures. (3) Self-control mediated the relations between parental attachment and depressive symptoms in both cultures. (4) The direct and indirect effects were invariant across cultures. In conclusion, parental attachment and self-control are important for adolescents' depressive symptoms in Chinese and Italian adolescents.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The objective of this study was to find the role of LncRNA SNHG12 in the regulation of hypertensive vascular endothelial injury. LncRNA SNHG12 and miR‐25‐3p expression were detected by quantitative ...RT‐PCR. Protein levels of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), endothelial cell (EC) senescence markers p16 and p21, and EC marker CD31 were measured by Western blot. The apoptosis of HUVECs was detected by flow cytometry. The binding between LncRNA SNHG12 and miR‐25‐3p was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull‐down assay. As a result, LncRNA SNHG12 was down‐regulated in aortic primary ECs isolated from Ang II‐induced hypertensive mice and 1 kidney/deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt‐induced hypertensive mice. In Ang II‐treated HUVECs, the expression level of SNHG12 was reduced and the overexpression of SNHG12 inhibited EC senescence markers p16 and p21 expressions, the apoptosis of HUVECs, and caspase‐3 activity. Further investigation confirmed that LncRNA SNHG12 bound to miR‐25‐3p, and negatively regulated miR‐25‐3p expression. MiR‐25‐3p directly targeted SIRT6 and negatively regulated SIRT6 expression. In addition, SNHG12 overexpression inhibited Ang II‐induced HUVECs injury through regulating miR‐25‐3p. Finally, in vivo experiments showed LncRNA SNHG12 overexpression alleviated vascular endothelial injury in Ang II‐induced hypertensive mice. In conclusion, LncRNA SNHG12 alleviates vascular endothelial injury induced by hypertension through miR‐25‐3p/SIRT6 pathway.
Graphical
LncRNA SNHG12 alleviates vascular endothelial injury in Ang II‐induced hypertension through miR‐25‐3p/SIRT6 pathway.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Perennial ryegrass (
Lolium perenne
L.) is an important cool-season grass species that is widely cultivated in temperate regions worldwide but usually sensitive to heat stress. Jasmonates (JAs) may ...have a positive effect on plant tolerance under heat stress. In this study, results showed that exogenous methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) could significantly improve heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass through alteration of osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, and the expression of JA-responsive genes. MeJA-induced heat tolerance was involved in the maintenance of better relative water content (RWC), the decline of chlorophyll (Chl) loss for photosynthetic maintenance, as well as maintained lower electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content under heat condition, so as to avoid further damage to plants. Besides, results also indicated that exogenous MeJA treatment could increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), thus enhancing the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species, alleviating the oxidative damage caused by heat stress. Heat stress and exogenous MeJA upregulated transcript levels of related genes (
LpLOX2
,
LpAOC
,
LpOPR3
, and
LpJMT
) in JA biosynthetic pathway, which also could enhance the accumulation of JA and MeJA content. Furthermore, some NAC transcription factors and heat shock proteins may play a positive role in enhancing resistance of perennial ryegrass with heat stress.
To select the most stable reference genes in annual ryegrass (
), we studied annual ryegrass leaf tissues exposed to various abiotic stresses by qRT-PCR and selected 11 candidate reference genes, ...i.e., 18S rRNA, E2, GAPDH, eIF4A, HIS3, SAMDC, TBP-1, Unigene71, Unigene77, Unigene755, and Unigene14912. We then used GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper to analyze the expression stability of these 11 genes, and used RefFinder to comprehensively rank genes according to stability. Under different stress conditions, the most suitable reference genes for studies of leaf tissues of annual ryegrass were different. The expression of the eIF4A gene was the most stable under drought stress. Under saline-alkali stress, Unigene14912 has the highest expression stability. Under acidic aluminum stress, SAMDC expression stability was highest. Under heavy metal stress, Unigene71 expression had the highest stability. According to the software analyses, Unigene14912, HIS3, and eIF4A were the most suitable for analyses of abiotic stress in tissues of annual ryegrass. GAPDH was the least suitable reference gene. In conclusion, selecting appropriate reference genes under abiotic stress not only improves the accuracy of annual ryegrass gene expression analyses, but also provides a theoretical reference for the development of reference genes in plants of the genus
.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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