Soil wind erosion is a global problem that leads to increasingly serious regional land degradation, where the need for windbreak and sand fixation services (WSFS) is substantial. Inner Mongolia plays ...an important role in global semiarid and arid areas and the severe land degradation resulting from soil wind erosion warrants an urgent solution. However, the mechanism of influence of various driving factors on windbreak and sand fixation services is still not fully studied. In this paper, the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model was used to synthesize the monthly spatiotemporal dynamics of soil wind erosion modulus (SWEM) and WSFS in Inner Mongolia from January 2000 to February 2020 from a semi-monthly scale. The influencing factors of WSFS were examined from both natural and anthropogenic aspects. Results show that over the past 20 years, the average SWEM in Inner Mongolia was 118.06 t ha−1 yr−1, the areas with severe wind erosion were mainly concentrated in the desert areas in the southwest of Inner Mongolia, and the forests in the northeast suffered less soil wind erosion. Meanwhile, the average WSFS was 181.11 × 108 t yr−1, with the high-value areas mainly located in major deserts, sandy land, and the area bordering Mongolia in the north and the low-value areas mainly located in the densely forested northeast and the Gobi Desert in the northwest. Both SWEM and WSFS showed a clear downward trend and a certain periodicity over the past 20 years. WSFS showed two peaks a year (April and October). Among the natural factors, precipitation and NDVI showed a significant correlation with WSFS and were identified as the main driving factors of WSFS, whereas temperature had no significant correlation. Among the anthropogenic factors, farming and animal husbandry intensity and GDP showed a positive correlation with WSFS, whereas population showed a negative correlation. These four types of factors were identified as socio-economic factors that drive WSFS. Meanwhile, WSFS did not show any significant correlation with the administrative area. Land use change contributed to a large proportion of WSFS change, thereby suggesting that the intensity of human activities is another central driver of WSFS.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The silica-composited biochars (SBC) were synthesized by adding silica particulates into bamboo biomass during pyrolysis at 700 °C to examine the effect of silica addition on biochar stabilities and ...adsorption properties for tetracycline (TC). Silica addition increased the total pore volume and average pore diameter of biochar due to the abundant mesopores in SBC, but decreased specific surface area due to the blockage of biochar pore with silica particles. Biochar stability was obviously enhanced with silica addition due to the decreased atomic ratio of H/C and O/C, the reduced C loss amount after chemical oxidation treatment, and the increased thermal stability. The adsorption capacities of SBC for TC were greatly enhanced with silica addition and increased with the increasing silica addition amount, which can be attributed to the facilitating effect of π–π electron donor acceptor (EDA) interaction and pore-filling effect. In addition, silica addition can also effectively enhance the oxidation resistance of biochar for TC adsorption, since the decreased degree (δ) of TC adsorption amounts on the biochars after chemical oxidation decreased with the increasing silica addition level. The observed positive correlations between δ values and the corresponding C loss amount of biochars after chemical oxidation suggested that the high carbon stability was favorable for the maintenance of biochar adsorption capacity. These results can provide a new way to improve biochar stabilities, aging resistance, and adsorption properties for organic pollutants.
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•Silica-composited biochar was synthesized to improve biochar stability and adsorption properties.•Silica addition increased biochar stability and adsorption capacity for tetracycline (TC).•π–π EDA interaction and pore-filling were contributing factors to increased TC adsorption.•High biochar stability promoted the maintenance of biochar adsorption capacity during aging.
Silica-composited biochar significantly enhanced the stabilities of biochars and their adsorption properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The bamboo biochars pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 600 °C (BC400 and BC600) were modified by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to obtain the oxidized biochars. Biochar stability and the effect of oxidation treatment ...on the adsorption and co-adsorption of tetracycline (TC) and Cu2+ onto biochars were investigated. The calculated carbon loss of biochars after oxidation treatment indicated that BC600 presented higher carbon stability than BC400 due to the condensed aromatic structure of biochar. Moreover, oxidation treatment introduced O-containing functional groups on biochar surface, but destructed the aromatic structures of oxidized biochars, which in turn affected the adsorption capacity of biochars for TC and Cu2+. Oxidation treatment obviously enhanced the adsorption of TC and Cu2+ onto BC400 owing to the increase of O-containing functional groups, but significantly decreased TC and Cu2+ adsorption onto BC600 because of the decreased π-π dispersive forces between biochar and adsorbate. The promotion effect of Cu2+ on TC adsorption onto BC400 changed into inhibition effect after chemical oxidation owing to the pore blockage. However, the promotion degree of Cu2+ for TC adsorption onto BC600 was enhanced through oxidation treatment due to electrostatic attraction and complexation. Meanwhile, oxidation treatment reduced the inhibition degrees of TC for Cu2+ adsorption onto biochars, which was attributed to the increased amount of electron-rich groups. The results are helpful for the application of biochars in the soils remediation.
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•Oxidation treatment enhanced TC and Cu2+ adsorption on BC400.•Adsorption of TC and Cu2+ on BC600 was reduced after chemical oxidation.•Effect of Cu2+ on TC adsorption on BC400 was changed via chemical oxidation.•Chemical oxidation reduced the inhibition degree of TC on Cu2+ adsorption on BC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) are promising candidates for various catalytic reactions, including electrocatalysis, chemical synthesis, and environmental remediation. However, the high-activity origin ...and mechanism underlying intrinsic activity enhancement remain elusive, especially for the Fenton-like reaction. Herein, we systematically compared the catalytic performance of dual-atom FeCo–N/C with its single-atom counterparts by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for pollutant abatement. The unusual spin-state reconstruction on FeCo–N/C is demonstrated to effectively improve the electronic structure of Fe and Co in the d orbital and enhance the PMS activation efficiency. Accordingly, the dual-atom FeCo–N/C with an intermediate-spin state remarkably boosts the Fenton-like reaction by almost 1 order of magnitude compared with low-spin Co–N/C and high-spin Fe–N/C. Moreover, the established dual-atom-activated PMS system also exhibits excellent stability and robust resistance against harsh conditions. Combined theoretical calculations reveal that unlike unitary Co atom or Fe atom transferring electrons to the PMS molecule, the Fe atom of FeCo–N/C provides extra electrons to the neighboring Co atom and positively shifts the d band of the Co center, thereby optimizing the PMS adsorption and decomposition into a unique high-valent FeIV–O–CoIV species via a low-energy barrier pathway. This work advances a conceptually novel mechanistic understanding of the enhanced catalytic activity of DACs in Fenton-like reactions and helps to expand the application of DACs in various catalytic reactions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Multivariate asymmetric radial data clouds with irregularly positioned “spokes” and “clutters” are commonly seen in real life applications. In identifying the spoke directions of such data, a key ...initial step is to locate a central point from which each spoke extends and diverges. In this technical note, we propose a novel method that features a preselection procedure to screen out candidate points that have sufficiently many data points in the vicinity and identifies the central point by solving an
ℓ
1
-norm constrained discrete optimization program. Extensive numerical experiments show that the proposed method is capable of providing central points with superior accuracy and robustness compared with other known methods and is computationally efficient for implementation.
Atrazine (ATZ) adsorption in two natural soils amended with biochars produced from different feedstocks at 300, 500, and 700 °C were investigated; further, the relationships between the surface and ...partition adsorption capacities of ATZ in biochar-amended soils with biochar characteristics were quantitatively evaluated. The results revealed that high aromaticity, hydrophobicity, and low polarity of biochar facilitated ATZ adsorption. The addition of selected biochars significantly increased the adsorption of ATZ on paddy soil (PS) and black soil (BS) by 5.2-7.5 times and 2.3-4.2 times, respectively. On the contrary, the degree of increase in surface adsorption was much higher than that in partition adsorption, mainly due to the role of the specific adsorption of ATZ on biochar. Meanwhile, the respective contributions of surface and partition adsorptions to the total ATZ adsorption on biochar-amended soil changed with different addition amounts of biochar. The multiple nonlinear regression analysis demonstrated the linear dependence of H/C ratio, (O + N)/C ratio, and specific surface area (SSA) of biochar on the surface adsorption capacity of biochar-amended PS and BS, as well as the linear dependence of organic carbon and ash contents on the partition adsorption capacity of biochar-amended PS and the linear dependence of the H/C ratio and SSA on the partition adsorption capacity of biochar-amended BS. In biochar-amended soil systems, interactions between biochar and soil could affect ATZ adsorption, and organic matter in biochar might compensate for the role of soil organic matter in the competition for adsorption sites with a decrease in the biochar pyrolysis temperature.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
RNA modifications play a crucial role in cancer development, profoundly influencing various stages of the RNA lifecycle. These stages encompass nuclear processing, nuclear export, splicing, and ...translation in the cytoplasm. Among RNA modifications, RNA ac4C modification, also known as N4-acetylcytidine, stands out for its unique role in acetylation processes. Specific proteins regulate RNA ac4C modification, maintaining the dynamic and reversible nature of these changes. This review explores the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of RNA ac4C modification. It examines the intricate ways in which RNA ac4C modification influences the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review provides an integrated overview of the current methodologies for detecting RNA ac4C modification. Exploring the potential applications of manipulating this modification suggests avenues for novel therapeutic strategies, potentially leading to more effective cancer treatments in the future.
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•The review offers an integrated overview of the molecular mechanisms and biological roles of ac4C modification.•ac4C RNA modification is crucial in cancer development, enhancing RNA stability and translation efficiency.•Detection techniques for RNA ac4C modification are numerous and can predict the sites of RNA ac4C modification.•NAT10 is involved in regulating RNA ac4C modification and influence potential therapeutic targets and cancer cell behavior.•Understanding ac4C modification mechanisms leads to novel cancer treatments by targeting regulatory proteins.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•The fabricated Fe-Ni-HPCNF has hierarchical porous skeleton and Fe/Ni-N catalytic sites.•Fe-Ni-HPCNF modified cell shows shuttle inhibition and kinetics promotion.•It sheds new light ...for the design of anti-self-discharged lithium-sulfur batteries.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are featured with high gravimetric energy density, yet their commercial application is significantly deteriorated with the severe self-discharging resulted from the polysulfides shuttle and sluggish electrochemical kinetics. Here, a hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers implanted with Fe/Ni-N (denoted as Fe-Ni-HPCNF) catalytic sites are prepared and used as a kinetics booster toward anti-self-discharged Li-S batteries. In this design, the Fe-Ni-HPCNF possesses interconnected porous skeleton and abundant exposed active sites, enabling fast Li-ion conduction, excellent shuttle inhibition and catalytic ability for polysulfides’ conversion. Combined with these advantages, this cell with the Fe-Ni-HPCNF equipped separator exhibits an ultralow self-discharged rate of 4.9% after resting for one week. Moreover, the modified batteries deliver a superior rate performance (783.3 mAh g−1 at 4.0 C) and an outstanding cycling life (over 700 cycles with 0.057% attenuation rate at 1.0 C). This work may guide the advanced design of anti-self-discharged Li-S batteries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Hierarchical porous Fe/Ni-N@NC has a large surface area and rich catalytic sites.•The Fe/Ni-N@NC modified cell shows shuttle inhibition and kinetics promotion.•Achieving Li-S ...batteries with wide-temperature operation ranging from 0 ∼ 65 ℃.
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), possessing high theoretical energy density are recognized as one of the most exciting rechargeable cells. Unfortunately, the actual application of LSBs significantly hindered by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish kinetics of the sulfidation reaction, resulting in suboptimal performance over a broad temperature range. Herein, an efficient electrocatalyst with hierarchical porous structure and a large specific surface area (denoted Fe/Ni-N@NC) is devised and applied for wide-temperature LSBs. The unique structure of this electrocatalyst exposes abundant bimetal (M1/M2-Nx) and nitrogen-active sites, which accelerates the rapid conversion of LiPSs at low temperatures and effectively mitigates the shuttle effect at elevated temperatures. Consequently, the Fe/Ni-N@NC-modified cell demonstrates upgraded performances over a wide-temperature range (0 ∼ 65 °C). Additionally, the modified cell demonstrated exceptional long-term cycling stability (with a decay rate of only 0.062 % among 1000 cycles at 1 C), excellent rate capability (achieving 812 mAh/g at 4.0 C), and remarkable resistance to self-discharge (with a capacity decay of merely 3.9 % over one week). These findings may guide the design of porous bimetallic electrocatalysts for wide-temperature LSBs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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