As a well‐known phenomenon, contact electrification (CE) has been studied for decades. Although recent studies have proven that CE between two solids is primarily due to electron transfer, the ...mechanism for CE between liquid and solid remains controversial. The CE process between different liquids and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film is systematically studied to clarify the electrification mechanism of the solid–liquid interface. The CE between deionized water and PTFE can produce a surface charges density in the scale of 1 nC cm−2, which is ten times higher than the calculation based on the pure ion‐transfer model. Hence, electron transfer is likely the dominating effect for this liquid–solid electrification process. Meanwhile, as ion concentration increases, the ion adsorption on the PTFE hinders electron transfer and results in the suppression of the transferred charge amount. Furthermore, there is an obvious charge transfer between oil and PTFE, which further confirms the presence of electron transfer between liquid and solid, simply because there are no ions in oil droplets. It is demonstrated that electron transfer plays the dominant role during CE between liquids and solids, which directly impacts the traditional understanding of the formation of an electric double layer (EDL) at a liquid–solid interface in physical chemistry.
The mechanism behind the contact electrification between liquid and solid remains controversial. According to experimental results and theoretical calculations, the contact electrification of ionic liquids and solids is caused by both electron transfer and ion transfer. Furthermore, the contact electrification between nonionic liquids and solids is mainly due to electron transfer.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
At present, phenolic acid derivatives and triazole derivatives have a good antifungal effect, which has attracted widespread attention. A series of novel phenolic acid triazole derivatives were ...synthesized, and their structures were characterized by IR, MS, NMR, and X-ray crystal diffraction. Compound methyl 4-(2-bromoethoxy)benzoate, methyl 4-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethoxy)benzoate, 4-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoic acid and 4-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid crystallize in the monoclinic system with space group P21/n, the monoclinic system with space group P21, the monoclinic system with space group P21 and the orthorhombic system with space group Pca21, respectively. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, the antifungal activity against seven plant pathogen fungi was determined. Compound methyl 4-(2-bromoethoxy)benzoate has the best inhibitory effect on Rhizoctonia solani AG1, and the inhibitory rate reached 88.6% at 200 μg/mL. The inhibitory rates of compound methyl 4-(2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethoxy)benzoate against Fusarium moniliforme and Sphaeropsis sapinea at a concentration of 200 μg/mL were 76.1% and 75.4%, respectively, which were better than that of carbendazim.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Physical exercise is able to improve skeletal health. However, the mechanisms are poorly known. Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, secreted by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, have ...been shown to mediate beneficial effects of exercise in many disorders. In the current study, we demonstrated that irisin promotes osteoblast proliferation, and increases the expression of osteoblastic transcription regulators, such as Runt-related transcription factor-2, osterix/sp7; and osteoblast differentiation markers, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 alpha-1, osteocalcin, and osteopontin in vitro. Irisin also increase ALP activity and calcium deposition in cultured osteoblast. These osteogenic effects were mediated by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB023580 or pERK by U0126 abolished the proliferation and up-regulatory effects of irisin on Runx2 expression and ALP activity. Together our observation suggest that irisin directly targets osteoblast, promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via activating P38/ERK MAP kinase signaling cascades in vitro. Whether irisin can be utilized as the therapeutic agents for osteopenia and osteoporosis is worth to be further pursued.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Electrowetting technique is an actuation method for manipulating position and velocity of fluids in the microchannels. By combining electrowetting technique and a freestanding mode triboelectric ...nanogenerator (TENG), we have designed a self-powered microfluidic transport system. In this system, a mini vehicle is fabricated by using four droplets to carry a pallet (6 mm × 8 mm), and it can transport some tiny object on the track electrodes under the drive of TENG. The motion of TENG can provide both driving power and control signal for the mini vehicle. The maximum load for this mini vehicle is 500 mg, and its highest controllable velocity can reach 1 m/s. Freestanding TENG has shown excellent capability to manipulate microfluid. Under the drive of TENG, the minimum volume of the droplet can reach 70–80 nL, while the tiny droplet can freely move on both horizontal and vertical planes. Finally, another strategy for delivering nanoparticles to the designated position has also been demonstrated. This proposed self-powered transport technique may have great applications in the field of microsolid/liquid manipulators, drug delivery systems, microrobotics, and human-machine interactions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Water pollution is one of the most severe environmental issues nowadays. For sustainably and autonomously monitoring water quality, in-situ self-powered sensing systems which can harvest local wave ...energy are highly desired. Here, a high-performance tandem disk triboelectric nanogenerator (TD-TENG) for self-powered water quality monitoring is demonstrated. By surface modification and optimized design, a radial grating structure which can be effectively agitated by slow water waves is realized, boosting the peak and average power of wave-energy-harvesting TENG devices to 45.0 mW and 7.5 mW respectively, which are roughly 35 and 24 folds of the typical ball-shell structured device. The average power density reaches 7.3 W m−3, setting up a new record. The short-circuit current is greatly enhanced to 11 mA through a facile power management circuit. The high output enables a self-powered total dissolved solids testing system, which can be scaled up into networks for in-situ, real-time mapping water quality in a large area. The TD-TENG as a high-power wave energy harvesting device also opens up an avenue to solve the bottleneck of power supply for versatile sensing platforms that need to work autonomously in water, providing a fundamental technology for smart environmental and ocean science.
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•A novel expandable tandem disk TENG for water wave energy harvesting is designed.•High peak power of 45.0 mW and average power of 7.5 mW are achieved.•The average power density reaches 7.3 W m−3, setting up a new record.•Facile power management circuit enables self-powered TDS testing system.•Self-powered networks for in-situ, real-time mapping water quality can be expected.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely applied for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing, whereas smart deformable materials can be combined with the TENG to acquire a more ...intelligent and self-adaptive system. Here, based on the vapor-driven actuation material of a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (PFSA), we propose a type of humidity-responsive TENG. The integrated TENG array can automatically bend to the desired angles in response to different humidity conditions, and thus, it can effectively collect energy from both wind and rain drops, where the power density can reach 1.6 W m–2 at a wind speed of 25 m s–1 and 230 mW m–2 under rainy conditions. Meanwhile, this TENG array can fully lay down in dry weather, using the reflective surface to reflect sunlight and heat radiation. The vapor absorption process of the PSFA film can also result in the charge accumulation process. Accordingly, relying on the strong absorption capability of PFSA, a TENG-based vapor sensor with high sensitivity has been developed for monitoring chemical vapor leakage and humidity change. This work opens up a promising approach for the application of the humidity-responsive materials in the field of energy harvesting and self-powered sensors. It can also promote the development of TENG toward a more intelligent direction.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Haploid cells are amenable for genetic analysis. Recent success in the derivation of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) via parthenogenesis has enabled genetic screening in mammalian cells. ...However, successful generation of live animals from these haESCs, which is needed to extend the genetic analysis to the organism level, has not been achieved. Here, we report the derivation of haESCs from androgenetic blastocysts. These cells, designated as AG-haESCs, partially maintain paternal imprints, express classical ESC pluripotency markers, and contribute to various tissues, including the germline, upon injection into diploid blastocysts. Strikingly, live mice can be obtained upon injection of AG-haESCs into MII oocytes, and these mice bear haESC-carried genetic traits and develop into fertile adults. Furthermore, gene targeting via homologous recombination is feasible in the AG-haESCs. Our results demonstrate that AG-haESCs can be used as a genetically tractable fertilization agent for the production of live animals via injection into oocytes.
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▸ Mouse haploid stem cells derive from sperm injection into enucleated oocytes ▸ These androgenetic haploid ES cells partially retain paternal imprints ▸ These AG-haESCs injected into oocytes support the production of live animals ▸ Gene targeting via homologous recombination is feasible in the AG-haESCs
Enucleating mouse oocytes and injecting them with sperm generates haploid blastocysts from which haploid ESCs can be derived. These ESCs are genetically tractable, and in addition to supporting development of chimeras, they can serve as fertilization agents, leading to healthy animals following injection into oocytes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Flow manipulation is a simple and feasible strategy for the mass-production of catheters with stiffness-variable segments.•Using a time-dependent helical flow, differently aligned ...TiO2 nanorods can be constructed along the axial direction of a single catheter.•Regulating the alignment of TiO2 nanorods can obtain stiffness-variable segments.•Catheters with multiple variable stiffness segments along the axial direction exhibited reduced interventional loads and elevated rotational synchronization.
Interventional catheters are the pivotal components of catheter-assisted intervention therapy. However, the inevitable contact and friction between catheters and complex human channels usually lead to severe patient burdens. A fabrication strategy for variable-stiffness catheters based on time-dependent helical flow was developed by regulating the alignment of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods in polyolefin elastomer (POE) catheters. In particular, the uniaxial and off-axial alignments of the TiO2 nanorods were manipulated to adjust the mechanical properties of each section in the POE catheters, where the processing flow pattern was transformed from axial to helical. To achieve the desired performance in practical applications, two catheters with a programmable helix angle of embedded TiO2 nanorods along the axial direction were designed. Correspondingly, the as-designed catheters displayed remarkably reduced interventional loads (e.g., a maximum reduction of 49.3% and 39.7% in single- and multi-curvature channels, respectively) and an enhancement of 50% in rotation synchronization, indicating promising potential for application in catheter-assisted interventional therapy. This study proposes an effective structuring design strategy for composed catheters with variable-stiffness segments that can be extended to all interventional catheter production techniques.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A series of novel N-alkyl-1-deoxynojirimycin derivatives 25 ∼ 44 were synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to develop α-glucosidase inhibitors with high ...activity. All twenty compounds exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC
50
values ranging from 30.0 ± 0.6 µM to 2000 µM as compared to standard acarbose (IC
50
= 822.0 ± 1.5 µM). The most active compound 43 was ∼27-fold more active than acarbose. Kinetic study revealed that compounds 43, 40, and 34 were all competitive inhibitors on α-glucosidase with
K
i
of 10 µM, 52 µM, and 150 µM, respectively. Molecular docking demonstrated that the high active inhibitors interacted with α-glucosidase by four types of interactions, including hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interaction. Among all the interactions, the π-π stacking interaction and hydrogen bond played a significant role in a various range of activities of the compounds.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•A series of ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized.•All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and MS. The single crystals of the synthesized compounds ...(3d, 3e, 3f) were characterized by X-ray.•Compounds 3b with electron-donating groups exhibited high anti-fungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum.•Explored the potential antifungal activity of electron-withdrawing groups and electron-donating groups on target compounds.
Ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, MS and X-ray crystal diffraction. Compound 3d crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P-1. Compound 3e crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21/c. The potential anti-fungal activities have been studied against five kinds of common fungi at concentrations of 200 ppm and 500 ppm. The research showed that the target compounds exhibit certain anti-fungal activity against the tested fungal strains. The inhibition rate of compound 3b was the highest against Fusarium oxysporum, up to 60.29% at 500 ppm. Compound 3b is promising to become the lead compound of pesticide in the future, which is worthy of further study.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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