This study aims to contribute to the growing literature on peer‐to‐peer services by investigating the relationships among three relevant aspects of such services, namely customers' identification ...with service providers, customers' feelings of psychological ownership toward the service setting (i.e., the providers' resources), and customers' interaction with service providers. Two empirical studies that investigate real peer‐to‐peer hospitality service experiences demonstrate that identification with service providers engenders a sense of psychological ownership of the service setting, which, in turn, enhances customers' attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. Notably, this effect occurs only when customers engage in cooperative interactions with their service providers.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The rise of peer-to-peer accommodation has challenged the traditional hotel business model. A lingering question is the effect of Airbnb supply on hotel performance. By analyzing 466 estimates from ...33 different studies, our results reveal that the negative effect of Airbnb supply on hotel performance is moderate. The meta-regression of effect size recognizes the significant effects of different factors on the strength of the negative effect. In particular, the negative effect is smaller for high-end (vs. low-end) hotels, and its magnitude is shrinking over time. Additionally, the detrimental effect is less pronounced for European (vs. Asian) hotels. The study also reports that negative effects are more common in research published in academic journals. The synthesis of the effects across existing studies contributes to a robust and comprehensive understanding of the impact of Airbnb supply on hotel performance.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Online peer-to-peer platforms empower individual users and facilitate value-oriented exchanges. Personal profiles are the main point of contact with consumers on these platforms. Although individual ...sellers can use these profiles to market their own products, the optimal communication strategies that maximize their revenues remain uncertain. In line with construal-level theory, a self-presentation strategy that reduces social distance might increase sellers’ revenues. An empirical validation, based on 6,074 Airbnb listings, affirms that self-presentation that evokes social values leads to higher revenues. The length of the self-presentation also exerts a notable impact. Specifically, an inverted U-shaped effect on revenues reaches its peak at 424 words. This research has rich managerial implications, in that it demonstrates how sellers on peer-to-peer platforms can increase their revenues simply by emphasizing social values in their self-presentations.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The corpus callosum (CC) connects the cerebral hemispheres and is the major mammalian commissural tract. It facilitates bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions, and is often ...affected in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to the development of CC circuits in animal models and humans. These species comparisons reveal several commonalities. First, there is an early period of massive axonal projection. Second, there is a postnatal temporal window, varying between species, in which early callosal projections are selectively refined. Third, sensory-derived activity influences axonal refinement. We also discuss how defects in CC formation can lead to mild or severe CC congenital malformations.
Background
Research has suggested the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on academic achievement (AA). However, the mechanisms underlying this influence remain unclear. Some proposed ...mechanisms include physiological, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral paths. This study aimed to analyze mediators between PA and AA in children and adolescents.
Methods
Systematic search in Medline, SPORTDiscuss, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational and experimental studies, published up to March 2021.
Results
Twenty‐eight studies (75237 participants, aged 4–16) were included. The designs of these studies were: 21 studies cross‐sectional, 5 longitudinal, and 2 experimental. Eight out of nine studies analyzing fitness as a mediator reported positive results, and one reported null finding. Adiposity was a significant mediator in one study, in two only in girls, and two reported null results. Cognition as a mediator was supported by four studies, whereas two reported null results. Regarding mental well‐being, 10 out of 14 studies reported positive effects, and one out of five behavioral studies found positive results. Although studies were too sparse to draw conclusions, overall, the results indicated that self‐esteem, self‐image, self‐efficacy, stress, and health behaviors might be potential mediators in the relationship between PA and AA. All studies were rated as medium‐high quality.
Conclusion
Overall, the available evidence seems to suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition, mental well‐being, and exercise‐related behaviors play some role as mediators of the relationship between PA and AA. However, the cross‐sectional nature of most of the reviewed studies prevents us from making any statement in terms of causal paths. Thus, well‐designed follow‐up and randomized controlled studies aimed not only to tests the effect of PA in AA, but also to examine the influence of mediators are required.
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BFBNIB, FSPLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Comparative analyses have identified genomic regions potentially involved in human evolution but do not directly assess function. Human accelerated regions (HARs) represent conserved genomic loci ...with elevated divergence in humans. If some HARs regulate human-specific social and behavioral traits, then mutations would likely impact cognitive and social disorders. Strikingly, rare biallelic point mutations—identified by whole-genome and targeted “HAR-ome” sequencing—showed a significant excess in individuals with ASD whose parents share common ancestry compared to familial controls, suggesting a contribution in 5% of consanguineous ASD cases. Using chromatin interaction sequencing, massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA), and transgenic mice, we identified disease-linked, biallelic HAR mutations in active enhancers for CUX1, PTBP2, GPC4, CDKL5, and other genes implicated in neural function, ASD, or both. Our data provide genetic evidence that specific HARs are essential for normal development, consistent with suggestions that their evolutionary changes may have altered social and/or cognitive behavior.
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•Human accelerated regions exhibit regulatory activity during neural development•De novo CNVs impacting HARs are enriched in individuals with ASD•Biallelic HAR mutations underlie up to 5% of consanguineous ASD cases•Regulatory mutations reveal novel genetic architecture of ASD
Mutations in genomic loci that have undergone accelerated evolution in humans are associated with increased risk for autism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
Sphagnum magellanicum is one of two Sphagnum species for which a reference‐quality genome exists to facilitate research in ecological genomics.
Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses ...were conducted based on resequencing data from 48 samples and RADseq analyses based on 187 samples.
We report herein that there are four clades/species within the S. magellanicum complex in eastern North America and that the reference genome belongs to Sphagnum divinum. The species exhibit tens of thousands (RADseq) to millions (resequencing) of fixed nucleotide differences. Two species, however, referred to informally as S. diabolicum and S. magni because they have not been formally described, are differentiated by only 100 (RADseq) to 1000 (resequencing) of differences. Introgression among species in the complex is demonstrated using D‐statistics and f4 ratios. One ecologically important functional trait, tissue decomposability, which underlies peat (carbon) accumulation, does not differ between segregates in the S. magellanicum complex, although previous research showed that many closely related Sphagnum species have evolved differences in decomposability/carbon sequestration.
Phylogenetic resolution and more accurate species delimitation in the S. magellanicum complex substantially increase the value of this group for studying the early evolutionary stages of climate adaptation and ecological evolution more broadly.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Previous research has studied the influence of physical fitness on academic achievement through executive functions. However, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to ...analyze how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and executive functions are associated with academic achievement and to examine whether the relationship between CRF and academic achievement is mediated by executive functions in schoolchildren.
This was a cross-sectional study including 570 schoolchildren, aged 8 to 11 years, from Cuenca, Spain. Data were collected from September to October 2017. Sociodemographic variables, family socioeconomic status, pubertal status, academic achievement, CRF (20-meter shuttle run test) and executive functions (inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory, NIH Toolbox battery in Spanish, v 1.8; iPad Pro, Apple, Inc.) were measured.
Overall, ANCOVA models controlling for age, gender and mother educational level showed higher scores in language and mathematics in children in higher categories of CRF, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory than in children in lower categories. The effect sizes were moderate (p < 0.05, partial eta squared: from 0.05 to 0.12). Moreover, the mediation analysis showed that inhibition partially mediated the relationship between CRF and language (c' = 0.058; IC = 0.005; 0.028) and mathematics (c' = 0.064; IC = 0.005; 0.030) grades. Similarly, cognitive flexibility mediated CRF's relationship with language (c' = 0.059; IC = 0.003; 0.028) and with mathematics (c' = 0.066; IC = 0.003; 0.029); however, a significant relationship remained. For working memory, mediation analysis showed no significant results (c' = 0.92; IC = -0.002;0.025 P > 0.05 in language; c' = 0.103; IC = -0.002;0.029 P > 0.05 in mathematics). Mediation ranged from 13.38% to 36%.
Children in higher categories of both CRF and executive function showed higher grades in mathematics and language. The findings indicated that a significant proportion of the positive influence of CRF on academic achievement was mediated by improvements in inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Thus, this study supports the hypothesis that improvements in CRF may contribute to increasing academic achievement not only through a direct mechanism but also through improvements in executive functions.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study examined the association between key components of physical fitness with inhibition and cognitive flexibility in preschoolers.
This was a cross-sectional study of 362 Spanish preschoolers. ...The key components of physical fitness and executive functioning were measured.
The partial correlation controlling for body mass index and family socioeconomic status showed that inhibition was positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness. No association was found between muscular strength (i.e., standing long jump and dynamometry) and speed/agility with inhibition or between physical fitness components and cognitive flexibility. The inhibition mean scores were significantly higher in preschoolers with higher cardiorespiratory than in their peers who were in lower categories, after adjustments were made for confounders. Additionally, the results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness was a significant predictor of inhibition, but for cognitive flexibility, age was the only significant predictor.
Our data suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with inhibition in preschoolers. Likewise, our results also suggest that cognitive flexibility is an executive function that is more dependent on changes associated with age at this development stage. These findings are important for supporting initiatives that aimed at stimulating healthy brain development, and promote the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness at early ages.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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