The devastating impact by Hurricane Sandy (2012) again showed New York City (NYC) is one of the most vulnerable cities to coastal flooding around the globe. The low‐lying areas in NYC can be flooded ...by nor'easter storms and North Atlantic hurricanes. The few studies that have estimated potential flood damage for NYC base their damage estimates on only a single, or a few, possible flood events. The objective of this study is to assess the full distribution of hurricane flood risk in NYC. This is done by calculating potential flood damage with a flood damage model that uses many possible storms and surge heights as input. These storms are representative for the low‐probability/high‐impact flood hazard faced by the city. Exceedance probability‐loss curves are constructed under different assumptions about the severity of flood damage. The estimated flood damage to buildings for NYC is between US$59 and 129 millions/year. The damage caused by a 1/100‐year storm surge is within a range of US$2 bn–5 bn, while this is between US$5 bn and 11 bn for a 1/500‐year storm surge. An analysis of flood risk in each of the five boroughs of NYC finds that Brooklyn and Queens are the most vulnerable to flooding. This study examines several uncertainties in the various steps of the risk analysis, which resulted in variations in flood damage estimations. These uncertainties include: the interpolation of flood depths; the use of different flood damage curves; and the influence of the spectra of characteristics of the simulated hurricanes.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FSPLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The integrated luminosities of data samples collected in the BESIII experiment in 2016–2017 at center-of-mass energies between 4.19 and 4.28 GeV are measured with a precision better than 1% ...by analyzing large-angle Bhabha scattering events. The integrated luminosities of old datasets collected in 2010–2014 are updated by considering corrections related to detector performance, offsetting the effect of newly discovered readout errors in the electromagnetic calorimeter, which can haphazardly occur.
Summary
Background
Emerging data suggest that statins, aspirin and metformin may protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, prior meta‐analyses were limited by heterogeneity ...and inclusion of studies without adequate adjustment for baseline risks.
Aim
To examine by an updated meta‐analysis the association between these medications and HCC risk.
Methods
Medline and Embase databases were searched from inception to March 2022 for studies that balanced baseline risks between study groups via propensity score matching or inverse probability of treatment weighting, that reported the impact of statins, aspirin or metformin on HCC risk. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC were pooled using a random effects model.
Results
Statin use was associated with reduced HCC risk overall (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37–0.72) (10 studies, 1,774,476), and in subgroup analyses for cirrhosis, hepatitis B/C, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, studies accounting for concurrent aspirin and metformin consumption and lipophilic statins. Aspirin use was associated with reduced HCC risk overall (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27–0.87) (11 studies, 2,190,285 patients) but not in studies accounting for concurrent statin and metformin use. Metformin use was not associated with reduced HCC risk overall (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.31–1.06) (3 studies, 125,458 patients). Most analyses had moderate/substantial heterogeneity, except in follow‐up <60 months for aspirin (I2 = 0%).
Conclusion
Although statin and aspirin use were associated with reduced HCC risk, only statin use was significant in subgroup analyses accounting for concurrent medications. Metformin use was not associated with reduced HCC risk. These data have implications for future clinical trial design.
Statins and aspirin use were associated with reduced HCC risk, although only statins significantly reduced HCC risk in subgroup analysis accounting for usage of concurrent medications.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Addition of peginterferon alpha (PEG‐IFN add‐on) to entecavir (ETV) treatment after a short lead‐in phase results in more response than ETV monotherapy in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B ...infection (CHB). This study is the first to assess long‐term efficacy of this treatment strategy. Patients who received ETV ± 24 weeks of PEG‐IFN add‐on in a global trial (ARES study) and completed follow‐up were eligible to participate in this observational LTFU study if they had at least one combined HBeAg and HBV DNA measurement beyond week 96 of the ARES study. The primary endpoint was combined response (HBeAg loss and HBV DNA <200 IU/mL) at LTFU. In total, 48 patients treated with PEG‐IFN add‐on and 48 patients treated with ETV monotherapy were included. The median follow‐up duration was 226 (IQR 51) weeks, and 86/96 (90%) patients were initial non‐responders. At LTFU, combined response was present in 13 (27%) vs 11 (23%) patients (P = 0.81), and 1 log10 HBsAg decline in 59% vs 28% (P = 0.02) for PEG‐IFN add‐on and ETV monotherapy, respectively. In 41 initial non‐responders who continued ETV therapy, combined response at LTFU was present in 9 patients (PEG‐IFN add‐on: 5/22 23%; ETV monotherapy: 4/19 21%). Beyond week 96 of follow‐up, rates of serological response became comparable between PEG‐IFN add‐on and ETV monotherapy. Although in this LTFU study initial non‐responders were overrepresented in the add‐on arm, PEG‐IFN add‐on possibly leads rather to accelerated HBeAg loss than to increased long‐term HBeAg loss rates.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The western North-Atlantic coast experienced major coastal floods in recent years. Coastal floods are primarily composed of tides and storm surges due to tropical (TCs) and extra-tropical cyclones ...(ETCs). We present a reanalysis from 1988 to 2015 of extreme sea levels that explicitly include TCs for the western North-Atlantic coastline. Validation shows a good agreement between modeled and observed sea levels and demonstrates that the framework can capture large-scale variability in extreme sea levels. We apply the 28-year reanalysis to analyze spatiotemporal patterns. Along the US Atlantic coasts the contribution of tides can be significant, with the average contribution of tides during the 10 largest events up to 55% in some locations, whereas along the Mexican Southern Gulf coast, the average contribution of tides over the largest 10 events is generally below 25%. At the US Atlantic coast, ETCs are responsible for 8.5 out of the 10 largest extreme events, whereas at the Gulf Coast and Caribbean TCs dominate. During the TC season more TC-driven events exceed a 10-year return period. During winter, there is a peak in ETC-driven events. Future research directions include coupling the framework with synthetic tropical cyclone tracks and extension to the global scale.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Water ice and gas hydrates can coexist in the permafrost and polar regions on Earth and in the universe. However, the role of ice in the mechanical response of ice-contained methane hydrates is still ...unclear. Here, we conduct direct million-atom molecular simulations of ice-contained polycrystalline methane hydrates and identify a crossover in the tensile strength and average compressive flow stress due to the presence of ice. The average mechanical shear strengths of hydrate–hydrate bicrystals are about three times as large as those of hydrate–ice bicrystals. The ice content, especially below 70%, shows a significant effect on the mechanical strengths of the polycrystals, which is mainly governed by the proportions of the hydrate–hydrate grain boundaries (HHGBs), the hydrate–ice grain boundaries (HIGBs), and the ice–ice grain boundaries (IIGBs). Quantitative analysis of the microstructure of the water cages in the polycrystals reveals the dissociation and reformation of various water cages due to mechanical deformation. These findings provide molecular insights into the mechanical behavior and microscopic deformation mechanisms of ice-contained methane hydrate systems on Earth and in the universe.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
48.
Measurement of the e plus e- ? Ablikim, M.; Adlarson, Patrik; Kupsc, Andrzej ...
Physical review. D,
04/2023, Volume:
107, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Using initial-state radiation events from a total integrated luminosity of 11.957 fb-1 of e thorn e- collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 3.773 and 4.258 GeV with the BESIII ...detector at BEPCII, the cross section for the process e thorn e- -> AA over bar is measured in 16 AA over bar invariant mass intervals from the production threshold up to 3.00 GeV=c2. The results are consistent with previous results from BABAR and BESIII, but with better precision and with narrower AA over bar invariant mass intervals than BABAR.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
We report new measurements of the branching fraction B (Ds+ → ℓ+ν), where ℓ+ is either μ+ or τ+ ( → π+ ντ), based on 6.32 fb−1 of electron-positron annihilation data collected by the BESIII ...experiment at six center-of-mass energy points between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV. Simultaneously floating the Ds+ → μ+ νμ and Ds+ → τ+ ντ components yields B (Ds+ → τ+ ντ) = ( 5.21 ± 0.25 ± 0.17 ) × 10−2, B (Ds+ → μ+ νμ) = ( 5.35 ± 0.13 ± 0.16 ) × 10−3, and the ratio of decay widths ..., where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. No evidence of CP asymmetry is observed in the decay rates Ds± → μ± νμ and Ds± → τ± ντ : ACP (μ± ν) = (− 1.2 ± 2.5 ± 1.0) % and ACP (τ± ν) = ( + 2.9 ± 4.8 ± 1.0)%. Constraining our measurement to the Standard Model expectation of lepton universality (R = 9.75), we find the more precise results B (Ds+ → τ+ ντ) = ( 5.22 ± 0.10 ± 0.14 ) × 10−2 and ACP ( τ± ντ) = ( − 0.1 ± 1.9 ± 1.0 )%. Combining our results with inputs external to our analysis, we determine the c →s quark mixing matrix element, Ds+ decay constant, and ratio of the decay constants to be | Vcs | = 0.973 ± 0.009 ± 0.014 , fD+s = 249.9 ± 2.4 ± 3.5 MeV , and fD+s / fD+ = 1.232 ± 0.035, respectively.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the cross section of the inclusive process e + e − → η + X , normalized by the total cross section of e + e ...− → hadrons , is measured at eight center-of-mass energy points from 2.0000 to 3.6710 GeV. These are the first measurements with momentum dependence in this energy region. Our measurement shows a significant discrepancy compared to the existing fragmentation functions. To address this discrepancy, a new QCD analysis is performed at the next-to-next-to-leading order with hadron mass corrections and higher twist effects, which can explain both the established high-energy data and our measurements reasonably well. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
PDF
