Let
be a unital *-algebra containing a non-trivial projection. In this paper, it is shown that a map Γ:
such that
for all
. Then Γ is an additive *-derivation.
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This paper concentrates on examining the characterization of nonlinear mixed bi-skew Lie triple ∗- derivations within an ∗-algebra denoted by A which contains a nontrivial projection with a unit I. ...Additionally, we expand this investigation to applications by describing these derivations within prime ∗-algebras, von Neumann algebras, and standard operator algebras.
In this paper, we study domination in the zero-divisor graph of a *-ring. We first determine the domination number, the total domination number, and the connected domination number for the ...zero-divisor graph of the product of two *-rings with componentwise involution. Then, we study domination in the zero-divisor graph of a Rickart *-ring and relate it with the clique of the zero-divisor graph of a Rickart *-ring. KCI Citation Count: 0
Noroviruses (NoVs) cause over 90% of non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in adults and children in developed countries. Therefore, there is a need for approaches to mitigate the transmission of ...noroviruses in workplaces to reduce their substantial health burden. We developed and validated a low-cost, autonomous robot called the UVBot to disinfect occupational spaces using ultraviolet (UV) lamps. The total cost of the UVBOT is less than USD 1000, which is much lower than existing commercial robots that cost as much as USD 35,000. The user-friendly desktop application allows users to control the robot remotely, check the disinfection map, and add virtual walls to the map. A 2D LiDAR and a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm was used to generate a map of the space being disinfected. Tulane virus (TV), a human norovirus surrogate, was used to validate the UVBot's effectiveness. TV was deposited on a painted drywall and exposed to UV radiation at different doses. A 3-log (99.9%) reduction of TV infectivity was achieved at a UV dose of 45 mJ/cm
. We further calculated the sanitizing speed as 3.5 cm/s and the efficient sanitizing distance reached up to 40 cm from the UV bulb. The design, software, and environment test data are available to the public so that any organization with minimal engineering capabilities can reproduce the UVBot system.
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Background
The peach fruit fly,
Bactrocera zonata
(Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious polyphagous pest of fruits and vegetables. Chemical management of
B. zonata
in fruits results in ...toxic residues that have adverse health effects on consumers resulting in increased demand for eco-friendly approaches. Laboratory bioassay was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of fungal and bacterial biopesticides against
B. zonata
.
Results
The pathogenicity of all tested bioinsecticides revealed that the maximum concentration (1 × 10
8
CFU ml
−1
) of
Metarhizium anisopliae
,
Beauveria bassiana
,
Lecanicillium lecanii
and
Bacillus thuringiensis
caused 95.8–100%, 95.9–97.9%, 32.7–39.6%, and 20.0–22.4% mortality in
B. zonata
, respectively at 7 d post-application interval (PAI) as compared to mortality demonstrated by the same concentration at 5 d PAI. All tested microbial insecticides induced statistically similar mortality in both male and female
B. zonata
at each concentration for the same PAI. Correlation coefficient (
r
) values reveal that concentrations of each microbial insecticide had a high positive correlation with mortalities of male and female
B. zonata
. Regression parameters reveal that concentrations of tested microbial insecticides had significant linear relationship with and explained significant variability in
B. zonata
mortality (
P
< 0.05). Results also revealed that
M. anisopliae
was proved more pathogenic to males and females of
B. zonata
demonstrating the least LC
50
values (5.48 × 10
3
, and 6.17 × 10
3
CFU ml
−1
, respectively) 7 d post-application intervals, followed by
B. bassiana
which explained LC
50
value of 1.14 × 10
4
CFU and 1.15 × 10
5
CFU ml
−1
for
B. zonata
males and females, respectively, at the same period of application, but less than that of
L. lecanii
(2.77 × 10
9
and 1.43 × 10
9
CFU ml
−1
) and then
B. thuringiensis
(3.40 × 10
10
and 1.39 × 10
10
CFU ml
−1
) for the males and females, respectively, at 7 d PAIs.
Conclusion
Metarhizium anisopliae
incorporated adult diet was proved more effective against
B. zonata,
followed by
B. bassiana
,
L. lecanii
, and
B. thuringiensis
. Hence,
M. anisopliae
can be recommended for incorporating in bait-traps to develop attract-and-kill technology for
B. zonata
.
Background
Bactrocera cucurbitae
(Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation poses a serious risk to bitter gourd cultivation. Traditionally,
B. cucurbitae
has been controlled using synthetic ...pesticides, which have drawbacks such as non-target toxicity and pest resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) provide concentrated ecological alternatives, which support ongoing pest reduction and sustainable agriculture by adhering to Integrated Pest Management principles. Therefore, EPF provides a viable alternative for chemical control of
B. cucurbitae
, addressing its shortcomings and promoting environmentally friendly pest control technology. This study evaluated the effectiveness of entomo-vectored horizontal transmission devices (EV-HTD) against
B. cucurbitae
in bitter gourd fields, focusing on GF-120 and Butanone acetate. Assessment parameters include converting fruit infestation data into yield loss per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant, marketable yield per hectare, and yield loss per hectare.
Results
The highest mean percentage of entomo-vectored
B. cucurbitae
(70.50%) was found in plots treated with Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD. This was followed by GF-120 +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD (66.18%), Butanone acetate +
M. anisopliae
-based EV-HTD (58.95%), and GF-120 +
M. anisopliae
-based EV-HTD (54.78%). The Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD produced the highest mean number of spores per
B. cucurbitae
(7.80 spores/cm
2
), while the other treatments produced low spore counts. Plots treated with Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD had the highest percentage mortality of
B. cucurbitae
(81.20%). The percentage of fruit infestation varied between 9.00 and 34.00%, with the least amount of infestation seen in plots treated with
B. bassiana
+ Butanone acetate. There were minimal yield losses in Butanone acetate. The Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD showed the lowest yield losses (66.66 g/plant), while the other treatments showed high losses. Plots treated with Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD had the highest marketable yield per plant (673.87 g/plant), while yields in control treatments were low. Plots treated with Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD had the highest marketable yield (2217.85 kg/ha). Lastly, plots treated with Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
-based EV-HTD (219.40 kg/ha) showed the lowest yield losses per hectare.
Conclusions
According to the study’s findings, Butanone acetate-based EV-HTD was more successful than GF-120. Furthermore,
B. bassiana
was more effective at controlling
B. cucurbitae
than
M. anisopliae
. With a maximum cost–benefit ratio of 14.99, the treatment Butanone acetate +
B. bassiana
was shown to be the most advantageous economically, suggesting its potential for use in practical pest management techniques.
Laboratory and field assays of three sets of experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of different phagostimulants alone and in combination with other phagostimulant lure sources, such as ...ammonium acetate, DAP, and acetic acid, on the attractancy of both sexes of B. zonata. In the first experiment, the laboratory olfactometer study revealed that out of eleven phagostimulants, banana, mulberry, mango, guava, molasses, and protein hydrolysate exhibited moderate attractancy (15.2–60.2%) to B. zonata. Unexpectedly, banana and protein hydrolysate were demonstrated to be highly attractive phagostimulants for starved female B. zonata (53.6% and 60.2%, respectively). In the field study, none of the tested phagostimulants exhibited high attractancy; however, banana, mulberry, protein hydrolysate, guava, mango, and molasses demonstrated moderate attractancy (5.6–35.6%) to B. zonata. In the second experiment, out of five phagostimulant-mixtures, phagostimulant-mixture-4 proved highly attractive (40.5–68.6% and 45.5–51.2%), followed by phagostimulant-mixture-3, which proved to be moderately attractive (17.0–22.5% and 28.4–36.1%) to B. zonata in olfactometer and field studies, respectively. In the third experiment, out of five phagostimulant-AdMixtures, phagostimulant-AdMixture-4 demonstrated strong attractiveness in the olfactometer (41.6–68.7%) and field studies (52.7–58.7%) for B. zonata, while the rest of the AdMixtures demonstrated moderate to no attractiveness for B. zonata. So, phagostimulant-AdMixture-4 with GF-120 could be used in the development of a phagostimulant bait station which attracts the maximum B. zonata population and ultimately provides pest-free fruits to the farmers
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Abstract
Let
R
be a commutative ring with
A
(
R
)
{A(R)}
its set of annihilating-ideals. The
extended annihilating-ideal graph
of
R
, denoted by
AG
¯
(
R
)
{\overline{\mathrm{AG}}(R)}
, is an ...undirected graph with vertex set
A
(
R
)
*
=
A
(
R
)
∖
{
0
}
{A(R)^{*}=A(R)\setminus\{0\}}
and two vertices
I
1
{I_{1}}
and
I
2
{I_{2}}
are adjacent if and only if
I
1
m
I
2
n
=
0
{I_{1}^{m}I_{2}^{n}=0}
with
I
1
m
≠
0
{I_{1}^{m}\neq 0}
and
I
2
n
≠
0
{I_{2}^{n}\neq 0}
, for some positive integers
m
and
n
. In this paper, we first study some basic properties of
AG
¯
(
R
)
{\overline{\mathrm{AG}}(R)}
and then we investigate the relationship between the extended annihilating-ideal graph
AG
¯
(
R
)
{\overline{\mathrm{AG}}(R)}
, the annihilator-ideal graph
A
I
(
R
)
{A_{I}(R)}
and the annihilating-ideal graph
AG
(
R
)
{\mathrm{AG}(R)}
of a commutative ring
R
.
Let $ \mathcal{A} $ be a unital $ \ast $-algebra containing a non-trivial projection. In this paper, we prove that if a map $ \Omega $ : $ \mathcal{A} $ $ \to $ $ \mathcal{A} $ such that
$ ...\begin{equation} \nonumber \Omega( \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}_\ast \odot \mathscr{D}) = \Omega(\mathscr{K}), \mathscr{F}_\ast \odot \mathscr{D} + \mathscr{K}, \Omega (\mathscr{F})_\ast \odot \mathscr{D} + \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}_\ast \odot \Omega (\mathscr{D}), \end{equation} $
where $ \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}_{\ast} = \mathscr{K}\mathscr{F}- \mathscr{F}\mathscr{K}^\ast $ and $ \mathscr{K} \odot \mathscr{F} = \mathscr{K}^\ast \mathscr{F}+ \mathscr{F}\mathscr{K}^\ast $ for all $ \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}, \mathscr{D} \in \mathcal{A}, $ then $ \Omega $ is an additive $ \ast $-derivation. Furthermore, we extend its results on factor von Neumann algebras, standard operator algebras and prime $ \ast $-algebras. Additionally, we provide an example illustrating the existence of such maps.
Let $ \mathcal{A} $ be a unital $ \ast $-algebra containing a non-trivial projection. In this paper, we prove that if a map $ \Omega $ : $ \mathcal{A} $ $ \to $ $ \mathcal{A} $ such that
...<disp-formula> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation} \nonumber \Omega( \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}_\ast \odot \mathscr{D}) = \Omega(\mathscr{K}), \mathscr{F}_\ast \odot \mathscr{D} + \mathscr{K}, \Omega (\mathscr{F})_\ast \odot \mathscr{D} + \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}_\ast \odot \Omega (\mathscr{D}), \end{equation} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula>
where $ \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}_{\ast} = \mathscr{K}\mathscr{F}- \mathscr{F}\mathscr{K}^\ast $ and $ \mathscr{K} \odot \mathscr{F} = \mathscr{K}^\ast \mathscr{F}+ \mathscr{F}\mathscr{K}^\ast $ for all $ \mathscr{K}, \mathscr{F}, \mathscr{D} \in \mathcal{A}, $ then $ \Omega $ is an additive $ \ast $-derivation. Furthermore, we extend its results on factor von Neumann algebras, standard operator algebras and prime $ \ast $-algebras. Additionally, we provide an example illustrating the existence of such maps.
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