MR imaging for breast cancer Seki, T; Hachiya, J; Nitatori, T ...
Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi
97, Issue:
5
Journal Article
The potential role of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of breast disease has been investigated since the late 1970s. Conventional MR imaging has not been reliable for diagnosis of ...breast masses, and so contrast MRI using Gd-DTPA has been performed. In particular the gradient echo (GRE) technique combined with administration Gd-DTPA (i.e., dynamic MRI) improves detection and tissue characterization of breast masses. In recent studies, breast MR imaging has shown up to 100% sensitivity in the detection of breast cancer. On the other hand, its specificity varies between 37% and 98% because of the fact that may benign lesions are also enhanced with many contrast media, similar to breast cancer. To improve the specificity of MR imaging, MR-guiding localization and fine needle aspiration biopsy for breast masses will be necessary. Recently breast conserving therapy has been widely accepted in our country, so we deduce that MRI is useful method for detecting multifocal or multicentric breast cancer.
Using a carbocyanine dye in postnatal rats, we have shown that the rostral part of the nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND), consisting of a subnucleus of the so-called “area parafascicularlis prerubralis ...” and excluded from the rat's ND proper, projects ipsilaterally to the rostral part of the medial accessory olive. The present study suggests the existence of a precise topographic organization from subnuclei of the area parafascicularlis prerublaris to subnuclei of the inferior olive.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Our goal was to determine whether half-averaged single shot hybrid rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (single shot hybrid RARE) sequence can improve image quality, duct conspicuity, signal ...intensity ratio (SIR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) by comparing it with two other MRCP sequences: fast SE (FSE) and contrast-enhanced Fourier-acquired steady-state technique (CE-FAST).
MRCP with three sequences was obtained in 46 people (10 volunteers, 36 patients with pancreatobiliary disease). Overall image quality and duct conspicuity were graded. SIR and CNR were also measured.
Overall image quality was graded excellent or good in all 46 patients (100%) with single shot hybrid RARE, in 38 of 46 (83%) with FSE, and in 5 of 46 (11%) with CE-FAST. Duct conspicuity was the best in single shot hybrid RARE statistically. SIR was the highest in FSE, while CNR was highest statistically in single shot hybrid RARE of three sequences.
Single shot hybrid RARE can provide consistently higher quality MRCP than FSE and CE-FAST because sequential images by single shot hybrid RARE minimize respiratory, bowel, and cardiac motion artifacts.
A new type of intravenous digital subtraction angiography using an extra large field size is reported. Excellent image quality of large field size enables better evaluation of widespread vascular ...disease and eliminates the need for repeated injections of contrast material in almost all patients.
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the coronary arteries is a particularly difficult task because of the small size of the vessels and cardio-respiratory motion. The authors describe a method of ...performing of ultrafast MRA of the coronary arteries with a standard MR system and body coil. Each image was obtained within a single breath hold by "segmented Turbo FLASH" sequences using an electrocardiography gate. Clinical application was performed in 20 patients with ischemic heart disease, and a comparison was made with conventional coronary angiography. The imaging time was shortened significantly by our methods. The diagnosis was made by at least two different images to avoid false positives. The results indicated a good correlation between MRA and conventional angiography.
In order to establish the optimal injection technique for abdominal digital subtraction angiography (DSA), flow rate measurement was performed under various combinations of all the currently ...available iodinated contrast materials with two types of coaxial microcatheters. In vitro study was done utilizing a plastic model of the abdominal aorta with the tip of the catheter positioned at the presumed proper hepatic artery. A total of 20ml of contrast material was injected by a pressure injector at a rate of 3 ml/sec at 300 or 600 psi, and actual flow volume was measured. Imaging capability was evaluated by calculating iodine delivery rates (IDRs). IDRs were highest in iopamidol 300 mgI/ml and iomeperol 300 mgI/ml, nonionic monomeric contrast materials of medium concentration. The results suggest that the best quality DSA images with injection to the proper hepatic artery using a coaxial microcatheter can be obtained with nonionic monomeric contrast materials of medium concentration.
Chest radiographs and computed tomographic images of 110 patients with chronic aortic dissection were retrospectively reviewed. Among these, calcification of false channel wall was observed in 12 ...cases (about 10%). Stanford type A dissection was noted in 5 cases and type B in 7 cases. Calcified false channel wall may closely simulate intimal calcification of atherosclerotic aneurysm on chest radiographs and sometimes even on CT. Careful observation of CT images with and without contrast enhancement is helpful to correctly identify the site of calcifications in the false channel wall, true channel wall, and intimal flap in the individual cases. In 3 cases calcification was present mainly in the false channel wall with no or only minimal calcification in the true channel wall. These cases may suggest that the endothelialized false channel lumen may develop atheromatous changes much more rapidly than the true lumen. According to advances in surgical and medical treatment of acute aortic dissection, radiologists may encounter cases of chronic aortic dissection with increasing frequency. Full recognition of this potential pitfall in the diagnosis of aortic dissection is important to avoid confusion.
To distinguish axons from Schwann cell processes in the denervated (Büngner's bands) and reinnervated peripheral nerves, the nearest-neighbor distance of intermediate filaments (NND) was measured in ...axons and Schwann cells from denervated and subsequent regenerating peripheral nerves. It was revealed that the NND was much larger in regenerating axons (41.9 +/- 14.1 nm) than in Schwann cell processes (23.1 +/- 7.1 nm in regeneration and 19.7 +/- 5.8 nm in denervation). In addition, the NND was also measured in the normal adult and developing peripheral nerves, and it became clear that in all cases the NND in axons (29.0-41.9 nm) was larger than in Schwann cells (19.7-23.1 nm). Thus, it can be generally considered that the NND is larger in axons than in Schwann cells. This fact can be used for the distinction between axons and Schwann cell processes, when the latter have a profile similar to that of the former as in Büngner's bands and in the regenerating nerves.
This study examined the efficacy of 3D-fresh blood imaging (FBI) in patients with venous disease in the iliac region to lower extremity.
Fourteen patients with venous disease were examined 8 deep ...venous thrombosis (DVT) and 6 varix by 3D-FBI and 2D-TOF MRA. All FBI images and 2D-TOF images were evaluated in terms of visualization of the disease and compared with conventional X-ray venography (CV).
The total scan time of 3D-FBI ranged from 3 min 24 sec to 4 min 52 sec. 3D-FBI was positive in all 23 anatomical levels in which DVT was diagnosed by CV (100% sensitivity) as well as 2D-TOF. The delineation of collateral veins was superior or equal to that of 2D-TOF. 3D-FBI allowed depiction of varices in five of six cases; however, in one case, the evaluation was limited because the separation of arteries from veins was difficult.
The 3D-FBI technique, which allows iliac to peripheral MR venography without contrast medium within a short acquisition time, is considered clinically useful.
Background. To clarify the effects of the reduction of heparin dose on platelets, we conducted a prospective trial on patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods. Twenty-three patients ...undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were studied. The systemic heparin dose was 300 IU/kg in the control group (
n=11) and 200 IU/kg in the low-dose group (
n=12). Heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass equipment was used for both the groups. Platelet counts, β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) concentrations were measured and the arterial filters in the circuits were observed by electron microscopy.
Results. Platelet counts were higher in the low-dose group than in the control group (
p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in the platelet release reaction (β-TG and PF4). Electron microscopy demonstrated that cell adhesion on the arterial filters in the control group was significantly more marked than in the low-dose group (
p < 0.01) and that most of the cells on the filters were neutrophils.
Conclusions. We conclude that the reduction of heparin dose with the use of heparin-coated equipment reduces platelet loss, but does not suppress the platelet release reaction. Furthermore, the reduction of heparin dose reduces adherence of leukocytes to the filter surface.
