This study represents the first attempt to operationalize a novel methodological approach that couples the expanded business model canvas (BMC) with an analytical evaluation of business model items ...and incorporates context-intervention-mechanism-outcome logic (CIMO-logic). We applied the designed methodology to analyse ten forest-related business models in eight European countries. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the challenges and opportunities generated by changing forest ownership due to the use of new business models. The adopted procedures both enhance the understanding of existing business models and the associated mechanisms and suggest improvements for existing business models. In other words, these procedures facilitated the understanding of business model dynamics. The changing operational environment forces the traditional forestry industry to adapt, and the analysed European cases indicate that business system innovations should always be considered to meet consumers' needs. The analysed business models are mostly grounded on traditional forestry and mainly include either new services or organizational improvements. The analysed business models introduce new organizational channels for reaching customers, satisfying new customer needs, targeting unique customers, reducing transaction costs, and improving customer relationships.
•We operationalized a novel methodology for business model analysis.•The analysed business models consider either new services or organizational improvements.•Infrastructure and offerings are key factors in the analysed business models.•When designing business models, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms.•Business system innovation should use both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Climate change, with various economic, environmental and social consequences, is one of the greatest challenges faced by society. Climate change governance in forestry and nature conservation ...includes developing joint activities and collaboration among stakeholders that combine different interests, influences and competences at national, regional and local levels. This research aims to classify climate change stakeholders within the forestry and nature conservation sectors in Serbia. They are classified according to their interests and perceived influences. We analyze factors impacting the development of different areas for the collaboration by combining stakeholder analysis and social network analysis. A total of 103 representatives of civil society and public sector organizations in forestry and nature conservation at different governance levels with expertise in climate change participated in the survey. The results show that most civil sector organizations are distributed in the ‘subject’ quadrant with lower perceived influence and are not well interconnected. Seven different areas for the collaboration were identified, with disconnected stakeholders and limited representation and mostly peripheral position of civil society organizations (except in the case of the area for the collaboration through workshop and seminars knowledge exchange). The analyzed factors have different positive and negative effects on the development of the different areas for the collaboration, with the frequency of contacts standing out as a significant factor of collaboration at the level of the whole collaboration network. There is a strong indication of a centralized, top-down approach to climate change governance in forestry and nature conservation in Serbia. Multilevel and horizontal stakeholder governance is needed to achieve effective implementation of strategic climate-change policy commitments. The most important step to achieve such a structure is the empowerment of local-level organizations in climate change collaboration.
The entire operation of an enterprise is carried out through business
processes. They represent a set of business activities, which transform
available resources into results (outputs), such as a ...product or service.
When it comes to non-wood forest products (NWFP), the business of small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is based on procurement (col?lection and
buying), processing and/or selling of these products. A very important
aspect of SME business is cooperation with other enterprises. Cooperation
can be achieved in procure?ment, production, placement, research, training,
etc. This research aims to study business processes and activities, with a
focus on the cooperation of NWFPs-based in the Toplicko and Moravsko forest
regions. The methods of analysis and synthesis and the statistical method
were used. Data collection was conducted using face to face survey with
representatives of 28 NWFPs-based enterprises in March 2022. Research
results indicate that the majority of SMEs perform business processes
related to the procurement, processing and selling of NWFPs. The most common
form of purchase is at own purchase stations (96.4%) and with collectors
coming to companies (92.9%). Most enterprises do not perform secondary
processing of products, but neither do they export. The most common form of
placement is to ?other processors?. All analysed SMEs cooperate with other
companies, but their representatives are also interested in improving that
cooperation. There is a need for the improvement of business processes and
the development of cooperation between NWFPs-based SMEs in selected forest
regions, to increase their competitiveness.
Effectively combating climate change involves recognition of its negative
environmental, economic and social impacts. Climate change governance
requires the participation of stakeholders from ...different sectors, and the
alignment of their interest and influence in the decision-making
process. This paper aims to determine the attitudes of respondents towards
the existence of climate change and assess their negative impact on
forestry, forest ecosystems and protected areas. In addition, the goal is to
identify differences in the assessment of interest and influence between
stakeholders in climate change governance in selected forest regions and
national parks in Serbia. Primary data were collected through interviews (103
in total), in the period from March 2017 to July 2019, with representatives
of organizations from the public and civil sector, who deal with issues of
forestry, nature conservation and climate change. Respondents believe that
climate changes have a negative environmental, social and economic impact on
forestry, forest ecosystems and protected areas. It was found that there are
differences in interest and influence in climate change governance between
stakeholders, regardless of sectoral affiliation. In addition, stakeholder
influence assessments were found to be lower than interest in climate change
governance. Opportunities for enhancing stakeholder interest and influence in
climate change governance have been proposed.
The management of the National Park (NP) Kopaonik is entrusted to the Public
En?terprise (PE) ?NP Kopaonik?, which represents a delegated form of ?state
management? in the public sector. The paper ...aims to study the most important
elements of the management organization of NP Kopaonik. Regulatory and
institutional frameworks, internal organization and financing mechanisms for
the management of NP Kopaonik were discussed. The purpose of the research is
to determine the possibility of improving the organization and financing of
NP Kopaonik towards sustainable management. Primary data was collected by
conducting interviews with representatives of management and stakeholders.
In terms of improving the internal organization of PE ?NP Kopaonik?, it was
proposed to form additional organizational units, i.e. services for visitor
management, promotion, cooperation with the media and market?ing, provision
of tourist offers, preparation and implementation of projects and
international cooperation, as well as the improvement of hunting and
fishing. It was emphasized that these tasks are already performed within the
PE ?NP Kopaonik? but also that it is necessary to make certain changes in
the organizational structure and strengthen personnel and financial
capacities, which would affect the quality of these activities.
The management of national parks (NPs) is a challenge because it is necessary
to en?sure the conservation, improvement, sustainable use of natural and
other values at NP area, as well as the ...management of NPs? visitors. This
paper aims to study the NPs? management models in Serbia, as well as to
compare them with selected countries of the Southeast Europe region
(Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro). In the paper were considered the
possibilities of improving the NPs management model (institutional framework
and organisation of NP management) in Serbia, based on best practice
examples from the region and the views of NPs? managers and stakeholders in
Serbia. The research used primary data, collected through interviews with
representatives of NPs? managers and stakeholders, as well as secondary
data, which were used for the analysis of organizational models of NPs?
management in selected countries. The management of NPs, as the most
important protected areas in Serbia, is entrusted to public enterprises (PE
NP). In Slovenia and Croatia, NPs are managed by public institutions, as
public services established by the Government. In Montenegro, all NPs are
managed by the Public enterprise for national parks of Montenegro, which was
established by the Government as a single business entity. Respondents agree
that the existing NPs management system in Serbia can be improved by
strengthening the institutional framework and establishing a model of public
institutions.
The importance of renewable energy resources has increased over the last decades due to the European Union renewable energy policy and particularly its climate change mitigation objectives. There is ...a need to mobilize additional wood resources from private forests in order to meet ambitious renewable energy targets and the demand for wood. Due to the conditions prevailing in privately owned forests in Slovenia and Serbia characterized by a large number of still disorganized private forest owners with fragmented and small-scaled forest properties, wood mobilization strongly depends on owners' organization and cooperation. The purpose of this study is to determine the possibilities for wood mobilization from private forest properties in Serbia and Slovenia, and propose organizational models on this basis and experience from the selected case countries. Surveys were conducted in Slovenia (n=622) and Serbia (n=248) on random samples of private forest owners. Analysis of wood mobilization potentials in Serbia and Slovenia showed that the harvesting intensity in private forests is below the potentials, therefore the preconditions to increase the level of wood mobilization exist. The main obstacles to the increase in the current level of wood mobilization in Serbia are biodiversity and the protective forest function, as well as high acquisition costs, also stated as the main obstacle in Slovenia. Moreover, it appeared that the majority of private forest owners in both countries believe that better logistics and infrastructure and interest association of private forest owners are potential solutions leading to an increase in the level of mobilization. Four models of private forest owner organization are proposed and they take into account the characteristics and attitudes of owners as well as activities in supply chain, including timber sales arrangement, construction and maintenance of forest roads, harvesting, measurement and quality assessment of timber, transportation, invoicing and payments. Keywords: renewable energy resources, wood mobilization, private forest owners, organizational models
The paper analyses regulatory frameworks (strategies and laws) in the field
of nature conservation and forestry, i.e. measures and activities for
managing protected areas under climate changes in ...selected countries of
central and southeast Europe. This research aims to identify the presence of
different measures and activities in strategies and laws on nature
conservation and forestry, as well as their systematization and comparison.
The analysis has been conducted for 5 countries: Germany (the federal state
of Baden-W?rttemberg), Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
(the Republic of Srpska). It can be concluded that the level of
representation of observed measures and activities for managing protected
areas differs within the regulatory frameworks of the selected counties.
Within the strategies and laws on nature conservation, it can be noticed
that they comprise a larger number of measures and activities for managing
protected areas than in the field of forestry. Additionally, there is a
clear distinction between the European Union member states and those who are
not members. Some activities are insufficiently or barely implemented in
both nature conservation and forestry.
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), quite often do not have the capacity to
independently meet all the requirements set by the market, which is why they
strive for cooperation and business ...networking. This research aims to
determine the attitudes of SME representatives in the forestry and wood
industry towards cooperation and business networking in the Juznokucajsko
forest region (JKFR). The paper uses methods of analysis and synthesis,
comparative and statistical methods. Primary data were collected in two
phases. At first, surveys were conducted with 43 representatives of SMEs in
the forestry and wood industry, which operate on the territory of JKFR.
After that, in the second phase, interviews were conducted with
representatives of leading enterprises (six respondents), institutions and
organizations from the public sector (three respondents) and
business-professional and interest organizations (one respondent). The
results of the research indicate that the majority of SMEs in forestry
(78.9%), primary (60%) and final wood processing (92.9%) cooperate with
other enterprises. The most common forms of cooperation are joint appearance
on the market, and cooperation through the purchase of raw materials.
However, in terms of business networking, the results indicate that none of
the analysed enterprises is a member of an association. Regarding the
cooperation with the competent institutions and organizations, it was
determined that it is not present in most enterprises. Based on the
conducted analyses, it can be concluded that there is support for the
implementation of the proposal related to the establishment of SME
associations in the forestry and wood industry. Also, respondents agree that
it is necessary to improve cooperation with relevant institutions and
organizations, by increasing the awareness of SMEs in the forestry and wood
industry about their activities and work programs.
One of the most complex issues in a protected area (PA) management is the
provision of adequate financial resources. Managers of PAs in Serbia are
financed from several different sources: budget ...through the allocation of
subsidies, fees for the PAs use, revenues generated through the business
operating and management, funds provided for project implementation,
donations, gifts, aids, etc. Public enterprise (PE) "Vojvodinasume" is the
manager of 16 and the user of 19 PAs in the territory of Vojvodina. In this
paper, two research goals are defined. The first goal refers to the
determination of a statistically significant difference in the sources of
subsidies according to the selected PAs, and those are special nature
reserves: ?Obedska bara?, ?Koviljsko-petrovaradinski rit?, ?Bagremara?,
?Gornje Podunavlje? and ?Deliblatska pescara?. The second goal is the
determination of a statistically significant difference in the areas of
subsidising, related to the selected PAs. In this paper, PE ?Vojvodinasume?
internal data for the period 2009-2019 were used. The research has
determined funds provided by the national and provincial budgets as the most
important sources of subsidies for the observed PAs. Concerning the areas of
subsidising, most of the funds were allocated for the monitoring and
improvement of the PAs conditions, which determined PE ?Vojvodinasume? for
taking an active approach to nature conservation.
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