ABSTRACT Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 and Clostridium perfringens type A cause infections in rabbit. Vaccines are considered an effective strategy for fighting these infections. Nowadays, the ...demand for using a nanoparticle adjuvant as (Montanide™ IMS) is increased due to its ability for enhancing both humoral and cell mediated immunity and, in addition, it can be administrated through different routes. An inactivated vaccine against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 and Clostridium perfringens type A which adjuvanted by Montanide™ IMS 1313 N VG PR (IMS 1313) was developed. The prepared vaccine was evaluated in rabbits for sterility, safety and potency via two different routes of vaccination. Oral administration of inactivated vaccine was evaluated as an alternative route to subcutaneous vaccination. The results revealed that rabbits vaccinated by subcutaneous route exhibited satisfactory antibody and antitoxin titer against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 and Clostridium perfringens type A, respectively, from 2nd week post vaccination and reached the peak at 3th week post vaccination. On the other hand, antibody and antitoxin titer of orally vaccinated rabbits didn't reach the satisfactory level. Rabbits vaccinated orally were not protected against virulent rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2, with 30% protection, while rabbits vaccinated subcutaneously showed satisfactory protection (90%). Serum nitric oxide and lysozyme activity had significant differences between vaccinated and control rabbits. The level of nitric oxide and lysozyme in sera of subcutaneously vaccinated rabbits was higher than that of orally vaccinated rabbits. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-ɑ were determined in the spleen of vaccinated rabbits, significant differences were obtained between subcutaneously and orally vaccinated rabbits. It was concluded that the combined vaccine is potent when inoculated by subcutaneous route in contrast to the oral route. The Montanide™ IMS 1313 adjuvant is a product that can be used for rabbit vaccine preparation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disorder in which the etiology and pathogenesis are still unobvious. Effective treatments are urgently needed considering that lung transplantation is ...the only treatment that could improve outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic significance of the dual administration of pimitespib, an HSP90 inhibitor, and nifuroxazide, a STAT3 inhibitor, against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Our results revealed that pimitespib/nifuroxazide inhibited bleomycin-induced alterations in the structure and the function of the lungs. They demonstrated significant decreases in the BALF total and differential cell counts, LDH activity, and total protein. Concurrently, there was a reduction in the accumulation of collagen as proved by decreased hydroxyproline and the gene expression of COL1A1 accompanied by lower levels of PDGF-BB, TIMP-1, and TGF-β. The levels of IL-6 were also downregulated. Pimitespib-induced inhibition of HSP90 led to subsequent inhibition of HIF-1α and STAT3 client proteins since the closed HSP90 would not enclose its client proteins. Therefore, pimitespib resulted in the repression of HIF-1α/CREB-p300 HAT as well as the STAT3/CREB-p300 HAT nuclear interactions. On the other hand, nifuroxazide resulted in a notable decline in pSTAT3 and HIF-1α levels. Subsequently, the combined effects of both drugs led to a substantial reduction in ECM deposition. Herein, pimitespib augmented nifuroxazide-induced disruption in the IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1α autocrine loop. Our findings also disclose that this novel loop is a promising therapeutic attack site for possible pulmonary fibrosis repression studies. Therefore, the use of pimitespib/nifuroxazide embodies an evolutionary perspective in managing pulmonary fibrosis.
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•Pimitespib repressed HIF-1α- and STAT3-CREB-p300 HAT nuclear interactions•Nifuroxazide downregulated the cytosolic levels of pSTAT3 and HIF-1α•Pimitespib/nifuroxazide effectively disrupted the IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1α autocrine loop•IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1α loop is a novel therapeutic attack site for lung fibrosis studies
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory life-threatening and premalignant disorder with no cure that even might end up with surgical removal of a large section or even all of the colon. It ...is characterized by relapsing-remitting courses of intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage in which oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory response play a significant role. Most of the current medications to maintain remission are symptomatic and have many adverse reactions. Therefore, the potential for improved management of patients with UC continues to increase. Yet, the benefits of using the antiarthritic agent diacetylrhein to counteract inflammation in UC are still obscure. Hence, our study was designed to explore its potential role in UC using a model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis in rats. Our results revealed that diacetylrhein targeted the NLRP3 and inhibited the inflammasome assembly. Consequently, caspase-1 activity and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were inhibited leading to a curbed pyroptosis process. Additionally, diacetylrhein revealed a significant antiapoptotic potential as revealed by the levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Concomitant to these effects, diacetylrhein also interrupted NFκB signals leading to improved microscopic features of inflamed colon and decreased colon weight to length ratio, indices of disease activity, and macroscopic damage. Additionally, a reduction in the myeloperoxidase activity, IL-6, and TGF-β alongside an increase in the gene expression of Ocln and ZO-1 were detected. To conclude diacetylrhein showed a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and therefore might represent a promising agent in the management of acute UC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Globally, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a major health obstacle. This health condition has been identified in 47% of pre-school students (aged 0 to 5 years), 42% of pregnant females, and 30% ...of non-pregnant females (aged 15 to 50 years) worldwide according to the WHO. Environmental and genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of IDA; genetic testing has revealed the association of a number of polymorphisms with iron status and serum ferritin.
The current study aims to reveal the association of TMPRSS6 rs141312 and BMP2 rs235756 with the iron status of females in Saudi Arabia.
A cohort of 108 female university students aged 18-25 years was randomly selected to participate: 50 healthy and 58 classified as iron deficient. A 3-5 mL sample of blood was collected from each one and analyzed based on hematological and biochemical iron status followed by genotyping by PCR.
The genotype distribution of TMPRSS6 rs141312 was 8% (TT), 88% (TC) and 4% (CC) in the healthy group compared with 3.45% (TT), 89.66% (TC) and 6.89% (CC) in the iron-deficient group (P = 0.492), an insignificant difference in the allelic distribution. The genotype distribution of BMP2 rs235756 was 8% (TT), 90% (TC) and 2% (CC) in the healthy group compared with 3.45% (TT), 82.76% (TC) and 13.79% (CC) in iron-deficient group (P = 0.050) and was significantly associated with decreased ferritin status (P = 0.050). In addition, TMPRSS6 rs141312 is significantly (P<0.001) associated with dominant genotypes (TC+CC) and increased risk of IDA while BMP2 rs235756 is significantly (P<0.026) associated with recessive homozygote CC genotypes and increased risk of IDA.
Our finding potentially helps in the early prediction of iron deficiency in females through the genetic testing.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Objective The objective was to investigate the analgesic effect of cervical lidocaine–prilocaine (LP) cream in alleviating pain during copper T380A intrauterine device (IUD) insertion among ...parous women. Study design We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at Assiut Women's Health Hospital, Egypt, from October 2015 to April 2016 of parous women desiring copper IUD insertion. We randomized the subjects in a 1:1 ratio to LP cream or placebo. Seven minutes prior to IUD insertion, women received 2 ml of LP cream or placebo to the anterior cervical lip, followed by 2 ml placed in the cervical canal using a Q-tip applicator. The study end point was the subjects' self-reported pain using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) during cervical tenaculum placement, sound insertion, IUD insertion and 5 min postprocedure. We considered a 2-cm difference in VAS scores between study groups as clinically significant. Also, the difference in the ease of insertion score using a 10-cm VAS with 0 = very easy insertion and 10 = terribly difficult insertion was assessed. Results The study included 120 women ( n =60 in each group). LP cream reduces the median VAS pain scores during tenaculum placement (2 vs. 4), sound insertion (3 vs. 6) and IUD insertion (3 vs. 6.5) with p=.0001 at all steps. A lower ease of insertion score was also determined among LP women (2.5±0.98 vs. 4.5±2.7, p=.001). Participants reported no side effects. Conclusions Use of cervical LP cream prior to copper T380A IUD insertion may alleviate the IUD insertion pain among parous women. Implications Cervical LP cream could be effective as an analgesic prior to copper T380A IUD insertion with no side effects. Further studies are needed to assess the women's satisfaction from lying with a speculum in place for 7 min while waiting for the cream to be effective.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Corrosion of steel reinforcement is considered one of the major causes of reinforced concrete deterioration. In the last few decades, researchers studied many different rebar protection techniques ...against corrosion. Three famous techniques were considered in this research, which are rebars protective coats, sacrificial anode and impressed current. Rebars protective coats are the most used technique in small projects. They are produced with different trade names according to the manufacture. On other hand, sacrificial Anode technique is recommended for aggressive environments. Finally, impressed current technique is usually used for large and corrosion sensitive structures. The aim of this research is to compare the protection efficiency of each of these three techniques. In order to achieve that goal, two experimental programs were carried out; the first program measured the protection efficiency in terms of rebars mass loss using sixteen lollypop samples. The program tested the efficiency of two types of protective coats, three types of sacrificial anodes besides the impressed current using two concrete grades. The second program measured the protection efficiency in terms of loss in structural capacity using six (100x100x1500mm) concrete simple beams. Only one type of protective coating is used besides the impressed current technique. In both programs, all samples were tested using accelerated corrosion test and results were compared to the control samples. Programs results showed that impressed current is the most effective protection technique because it prevents the corrosion completely. On other hand, the efficiency of sacrificed anode technique depends on the activity of the anode material and finally, the efficiency of protected coats dependents on material base of the coat.
BackgroundGlobally, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a major health obstacle. This health condition has been identified in 47% of pre-school students (aged 0 to 5 years), 42% of pregnant females, ...and 30% of non-pregnant females (aged 15 to 50 years) worldwide according to the WHO. Environmental and genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of IDA; genetic testing has revealed the association of a number of polymorphisms with iron status and serum ferritin.AimThe current study aims to reveal the association of TMPRSS6 rs141312 and BMP2 rs235756 with the iron status of females in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cohort of 108 female university students aged 18-25 years was randomly selected to participate: 50 healthy and 58 classified as iron deficient. A 3-5 mL sample of blood was collected from each one and analyzed based on hematological and biochemical iron status followed by genotyping by PCR.ResultsThe genotype distribution of TMPRSS6 rs141312 was 8% (TT), 88% (TC) and 4% (CC) in the healthy group compared with 3.45% (TT), 89.66% (TC) and 6.89% (CC) in the iron-deficient group (P = 0.492), an insignificant difference in the allelic distribution. The genotype distribution of BMP2 rs235756 was 8% (TT), 90% (TC) and 2% (CC) in the healthy group compared with 3.45% (TT), 82.76% (TC) and 13.79% (CC) in iron-deficient group (P = 0.050) and was significantly associated with decreased ferritin status (P = 0.050). In addition, TMPRSS6 rs141312 is significantly (P<0.001) associated with dominant genotypes (TC+CC) and increased risk of IDA while BMP2 rs235756 is significantly (P<0.026) associated with recessive homozygote CC genotypes and increased risk of IDA.ConclusionOur finding potentially helps in the early prediction of iron deficiency in females through the genetic testing.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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