Psychological resilience may reduce the impact of psychological distress to some extent. We aimed to investigate the mental health status of the public during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 ...(COVID-19) and explore the level and related factors of anxiety and depression.
From February 8 to March 9, 2020, 3,180 public completed the Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) for anxiety, Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for depression, the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) for psychological resilience, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) for the attitudes and coping styles.
The number of people with depressive symptoms (SDS > 53) was 1,303 (the rate was 41.0%). The number of people with anxiety symptoms (SAS > 50) was 1,184 (the rate was 37.2%). The depressed group and anxiety group had less education, more unmarried and younger age, as well as had significant different in SDS total score (
< 0.001), SAS total score (
< 0.001), CD-RISC total score (
< 0.001), and SCSQ score (
< 0.001). The binary logistic regression showed that female (
= -0.261,
= 0.026), strength (
= -0.079,
= 0.000), and the subscales of active coping style in SCSQ (
= -0.983,
= 0.000) remained protective factors and passive coping style (
= 0.293,
= 0.003) and higher SAS score (
= 0.175,
= 0.000) were risk factors for depression. Optimism (
= -0.041,
= 0.015) in CD-RISC was a protective factor, and passive coping styles (
= 0.483,
= 0.000) and higher SDS score (
= 0.134,
= 0.000) were risk factors for anxiety.
This study adopted a cross-sectional design and used self-report questionnaires.
The mental health of the public, especially females, the younger and less educational populations, and unmarried individuals, should be given more attention. Individuals with high level of mental resilience and active coping styles would have lower levels of anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19.
World vaping update Striley, Catherine W; Nutley, Sara K
Current opinion in psychiatry,
2020-July, 2020-07-00, 20200701, Volume:
33, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
PURPOSE OF REVIEWAlthough death and injury related to e-cigarette use and vaping products has decreased since the peak in 2019, concern over the popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems ...(ENDS – a term which includes vape pens, electronic or e-cigarettes, and products that produce vapor for inhaling rather than combusting to produce smoke) continues. ENDS are used as an aid to quit smoking and for harm reduction.
RECENT FINDINGSThis review covers peer-reviewed literature from January 2019 through February 2020 on vaping (the process of using ENDS). Prevalence, risk factors for use, and health risks and benefits from use predominated. Policy articles, commentaries and editorials were excluded from review. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI)-related injury and death were in the news and literature this year. Because most EVALI-related injury and death occurred among young people who had vaped tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), data from the Healthy Minds (United States) study are reviewed to consider variation in risk factors for vaping THC compared with nicotine.
SUMMARYFindings provide up-to-date information on vaping as a way to consume a drug, whether THC or nicotine. Harm reduction benefits were shown in a year-long follow-up of smoking cessation; harms continue to accumulate, including from passive consumption.
A growing body of evidence is suggesting a significant association between the COVID-19 pandemic and population-level mental health. Study findings suggest that individuals with a lifetime history of ...disordered eating behavior may be negatively affected by COVID-19-related anxiety, and prevention measures may disrupt daily functioning and limit access to treatment. However, data describing the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on disordered eating behaviors are limited, and most findings focus on individuals in treatment settings.
The aim of this study is to characterize the experiences of Reddit users worldwide who post in eating disorder (ED)-related discussion forums describing the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their overall mental health and disordered eating behavior.
Data were collected from popular subreddits acknowledging EDs as their primary discussion topic. Unique discussion posts dated from January 1 to May 31, 2020 that referenced the COVID-19 pandemic were extracted and evaluated using inductive, thematic data analysis.
Six primary themes were identified: change in ED symptoms, change in exercise routine, impact of quarantine on daily life, emotional well-being, help-seeking behavior, and associated risks and health outcomes. The majority of users reported that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health prevention measures negatively impacted their psychiatric health and contributed to increased disordered eating behaviors. Feelings of isolation, frustration, and anxiety were common. Many individuals used Reddit forums to share personal experiences, seek advice, and offer shared accountability.
Reddit discussion forums have provided a therapeutic community for individuals to share experiences and provide support for peers with ED during a period of increased psychiatric distress. Future research is needed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disordered eating behavior and to evaluate the role of social media discussion forums in mental health treatment, especially during periods of limited treatment access.
•Disordered eating is common among students using stimulants non-medically.•Risk for non-medical use increases with the number of disordered eating behaviors.•Disordered eating does not increase the ...odds of medical use.•Need to query for non-medical use among students with disordered eating.
Disordered eating behaviors are associated with non-medical use of prescription stimulants for weight and appetite-related purposes. Yet, estimates of the prevalence and types of disordered eating associated with non-medical use vary. Additionally, little is known about the association between medical use of prescription stimulants and disordered eating.
Data were collected from 87,296 college students at 127 institutions that participated in the Healthy Minds Study. We assessed the relationship between disordered eating, medical and nonmedical prescription stimulant use using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle and behavioral factors, and psychiatric comorbidity.
Non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) was reported by 2.8 % n = 2435 of the sample. One-third of students using prescription stimulants non-medically reported two or more disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Disordered eating was a significant predictor of non-medical, but not medical use of prescription stimulants. A dose-response relationship was identified between disordered eating and non-medical use, where risk for non-medical use increased with the number of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors reported.
The risk for NMUPS increases with disordered eating symptomatology. There is a need to assess for NMUPS among college students presenting with disordered eating.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Hoarding symptoms are associated with functional impairment, though investigation of disability among individuals with hoarding disorder has largely focused on clutter-related impairment to home ...management activities and difficulties using space because of clutter. This analysis assesses disability among individuals with hoarding symptoms in multiple domains of everyday functioning, including cognition, mobility, self-care, interpersonal and community-level interactions, and home management. The magnitude of the association between hoarding and disability was compared to that of medical and psychiatric disorders with documented high disability burden, including major depressive disorder (MDD), diabetes, and chronic pain.
Data were cross-sectionally collected from 16,312 adult participants enrolled in an internet-based research registry, the Brain Health Registry. Pearson's chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify the relationship between hoarding and functional ability relative to MDD, diabetes, and chronic pain.
More than one in ten participants endorsed clinical (5.7%) or subclinical (5.7%) hoarding symptoms (CHS and SCHS, respectively). After adjusting for participant demographic characteristics and psychiatric and medical comorbidity, CHS and SCHS were associated with increased odds of impairment in all domains of functioning. Moderate to extreme impairment was endorsed more frequently by those with CHS or SCHS compared to those with self-reported MDD, diabetes, and/or chronic pain in nearly all domains (e.g., difficulty with day-to-day work or school: CHS: 18.7% vs. MDD: 11.8%, p < 0.0001) except mobility and self-care. While those with current depressive symptoms endorsed higher rates of impairment than those with hoarding symptoms, disability was most prevalent among those endorsing both hoarding and comorbid depressive symptoms.
Hoarding symptoms are associated with profound disability in all domains of functioning. The burden of hoarding is comparable to that of other medical and psychiatric illnesses with known high rates of functional impairment. Future studies should examine the directionality and underlying causality of the observed associations, and possibly identify target interventions to minimize impairment associated with hoarding symptomatology.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: To describe the use of psychiatric medication and related health service utilization among college students receiving care on- and off-campus. Participants and methods: 3959 students from ...a large southern university participated in the Healthy Minds Study in May 2018. Results: Of students surveyed, 17.6% took psychiatric medication in the last year. Of these students, 22.0% received prescriptions on-campus, 61.7% received prescriptions off-campus, 6.4% received them both on- and off-campus, and 9.9% took medication without a prescription. Nonwhite, international, and younger students were more likely to utilize on-campus rather than off-campus psychiatric medication services (p < .05). Satisfaction with health services did not differ by location. Conclusions: The majority of students received psychiatric prescriptions off- rather than on-campus. While satisfaction with both on- and off-campus health services is equally high, minority, international, and younger students are more likely to seek care on- rather than off-campus.
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Hoarding disorder often results in debilitating functional impairment and may also compromise health-related quality of life (QoL). This study investigated the association between hoarding behavior ...and QoL relative to six highly impairing medical and psychiatric disorders in a sample of 20,722 participants enrolled in the internet-based Brain Health Registry. Nearly 1 in 8 participants (12.2%) endorsed clinically relevant hoarding symptoms (CHS). In separate multivariable linear regression models, hoarding was more strongly associated with mental QoL than diabetes (Standardizedβ = −0.21, 95% CI: -0.22, −0.20 vs. −0.01 -0.02, 0.0), heart disease (−0.22 -0.23, −0.20 vs. 0.00 -0.02, 0.01), chronic pain (−0.18 -0.19, −0.16 vs. −0.12 -0.13, −0.10), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; −0.20 -0.22, −0.19 vs. −0.07 -0.09, −0.06), and substance use disorder (SUD; −0.21 -0.23, −0.20 vs. −0.04 -0.05, −0.03). Similarly, CHS was more strongly negatively associated with physical QoL than diabetes (−0.11 -0.10, −0.12 vs. −0.08 -0.06, −0.09), major depressive disorder (−0.09 -0.10, −0.08 vs. −0.05 -0.06, 0.03), PTSD (−0.11 -0.12, −0.10 vs. −0.08 -0.09, −0.07), and SUD (−0.12 -0.13, −0.09 vs. −0.01 -0.02, 0.00). Higher hoarding severity was associated with reductions in both mental (Standardizedβ = −0.28, ΔR2 = 0.08, p < 0.0001) and physical (β = −0.12, ΔR2 = 0.02, p < 0.0001) QoL, though the strength of the relationship between hoarding symptoms and QoL varied with depression severity. Efforts to improve the overall QoL and well-being of those with CHS are needed.
•Self-reported QoL impairment increases with the severity of hoarding symptomatology.•Hoarding symptom severity is negatively associated with QoL even at low levels.•Hoarding is more associated with QoL than most health conditions assessed.•The association between hoarding and QoL varies with depression symptom severity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Hoarding behaviors are positively associated with medical morbidity, however, current prevalence estimates and types of medical conditions associated with hoarding vary. This analysis aims to ...quantify the medical morbidity of hoarding disorder (HD). Cross-sectional data were collected online using the Brain Health Registry (BHR). Among 20,745 participants who completed the Hoarding and Clutter and Medical History thematic modules, 1348 had HD (6.5%), 1268 had subclinical HD (6.1%), and 18,829 did not meet hoarding criteria (87.4%). Individuals with HD were more likely to report a lifetime history of cardiovascular/metabolic conditions: diabetes (HD adjusted odds ratio (AOR):1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.20, 1.91; subclinical HD AOR:1.24, 95% CI:0.95, 1.61), and hypercholesterolemia (HD AOR:1.24, 95% CI:1.06, 1.46; subclinical HD AOR:1.11, 95% CI:0.94, 1.31). Those with HD and subclinical HD were also more to report chronic pain (HD AOR: 1.69, 95% CI:1.44, 1.98; subclinical HD AOR: 1.44, 95% CI:1.22, 1.69), and sleep apnea (HD AOR: 1.58, 95% CI:1.31, 1.89; subclinical HD AOR:1.30, 95% CI:1.07, 1.58) than non-HD participants. For most conditions, likelihood of diagnosis did not differ between HD and subclinical HD. Structural equation modeling revealed that more severe hoarding symptomatology was independently associated with increased cardiovascular/metabolic vulnerability. The assessment and management of medical complications in individuals with HD is a fundamental component in improving quality of life, longevity, and overall physical health outcomes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Online registries offer many advantages for research, including the ability to efficiently assess large numbers of individuals and identify potential participants for clinical trials and genetic ...studies. Of particular interest is the validity and utility of self-endorsement of psychiatric disorders in online registries, which, while increasingly more common, remain understudied. We thus assessed the comparability of prevalence estimated from self-endorsement of psychiatric disorders in one such registry, the Brain Health Registry (BHR) to prevalence computed from large US-based epidemiological studies and the degree to which BHR participants report psychiatric disorders consistently. We also examined the concordance between self-report and clinically determined diagnoses of various DSM-5 psychiatric disorders in a subset of participants who underwent direct assessments and identified possible reasons for discordance.
Rates of self-reported psychiatric disorders were closest to previously reported population prevalence rates when endorsed at multiple timepoints, and accuracy was at least 70% for all except Hoarding Disorder as compared to the clinical diagnoses. Clinical data suggested that self-endorsement of a given psychiatric diagnosis was indicative of the presence of a closely related condition, although not necessarily for the specific disorder, with the exception of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and hoarding disorder, which had high positive predictive values (85%, 73%, 100%, respectively).
We conclude that self-reporting of psychiatric conditions in an online setting is a fair indicator of psychopathology, but should be accompanied by more in-depth interviews if using data from a participant for a specific disorder.
•Consistent self-reports of psychiatric illnesses are useful markers of actual psychiatric illness.•Hoarding disorder is likely under-reported in the Brain Health Registry.•Generalized anxiety disorder is likely over-reported in the Brain Health Registry.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The relationships between hoarding disorder (HD) and other neurological and psychiatric disorders remain largely unknown. Although psychiatric burden in those with HD is high, less is known about ...neurological disorders. Furthermore, which disorders are primarily associated with HD vs which can be better explained via a relationship with another disorder has not been determined. To address these questions, we examined comorbidity patterns of psychiatric and neurological disorders in a large online registry of adults using network analyses.
We first examined psychiatric comorbidity among 252 participants completing clinician administered psychiatric assessments. Using the Brain Health Registry (BHR) (N = 15,978), we next analyzed prevalence of self-reported neurological and psychiatric disorders among participants with no/minimal hoarding, subclinical hoarding, and clinically significant hoarding and used network analyses to identify direct and indirect relationships between HD and the assessed psychiatric and neurological disorders.
The most prevalent comorbidity in clinically assessed participants with HD was major depressive disorder (MDD, 62%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, 32%). Network analyses in the BHR indicated that the strongest direct relationships with HD were attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The relationships between HD and neurological disorders, including mild cognitive impairment, were weak or non-existent after controlling for other disorders.
ADHD, MDD, and OCD form a triad of psychiatric disorders directly associated with HD. Despite their high comorbidity rates, the associations among anxiety disorders and HD were weak or indirect.
•Hoarding disorder is most strongly associated with ADHD, MDD, and OCD.•Psychiatric burden increases with hoarding symptomatology.•Network analysis suggests anxiety relationship with hoarding might be secondary to MDD or OCD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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