The C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T variants of the ABCB1 gene alter the functioning of P-glycoprotein and the transport of endogenous and exogenous substances across the blood-brain barrier, and act as ...risk factors for some neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between demyelinating disease and the C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T variants of ABCB1 and its haplotypes and combinations of genotypes.
Polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) and Sanger sequencing were used to genotype 199 patients with demyelinating disease and 200 controls, all Mexicans of mixed race; frequencies of alleles, genotypes, haplotypes, and genotype combinations were compared between patients and controls. We conducted a logistic regression analysis and calculated chi-square values and 95% confidence intervals (CI); odds ratios (OR) were calculated to evaluate the association with demyelinating disease.
The TTT and CGC haplotypes were most frequent in both patients and controls. The G2677 allele was associated with demyelinating disease (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.12-2.86; P=.015), as were the genotypes GG2677 (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.11-6.68; P=.025) and CC3435 (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.15-2.90; P=.010), the combination GG2677/CC3435 (OR: 2.02; 95% CI, 1.17-3.48; P=.010), and the CAT haplotype (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.66; P=.001). TTTTTT carriers presented the earliest age of onset (23.0±7.7 years, vs. 31.6±10.7; P=.0001).
The GG2677/CC3435 genotype combination is associated with demyelinating disease in this sample, particularly among men, who may present toxic accumulation of P-glycoprotein substrates. In our study, the G2677 allele of ABCB1 may differentially modulate age of onset of demyelinating disease in men and women.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The mathematical modeling of simultaneous shrinkage and shape change (deformation) during drying of gel model systems (GMS) was investigated. Developed theory was applied to estimate water ...diffusivities during drying of GMS (70 °C, air velocity of 2 m/s) shaped as square prisms (9.53 mm × 9.53 mm × 80 mm) and longitudinal sections (quarters and halves) of cylinders (12.7 mm diameter × 140 mm length) by considering the product shrinkage with and without deformation. The contours of transversal product slices, obtained from digital images, were averaged to extract relevant characteristics of the dried samples, whereas compactness and roundness were used to evaluate product deformation. Experimental shape patterns were used to estimate the initial and final mesh matching the real product geometry during simulation via a new algorithm. The obtained results demonstrate that although shrinkage occurs from the beginning of drying, changes in product shape are noticeable only after the free moisture fraction is below 0.3. Water diffusivities estimated considering the shape change of product were in the narrow range of 3.37–3.58 × 10−10 m2/s for studied geometries, and are overestimated in about 6–12% when this phenomenon is not included in drying model. No significant differences were observed in water diffusivity values between studied geometries (p > 0.05).
•Drying of cylinder sections and square prisms made from gel was studied.•Image analysis was used to characterize shrinkage and deformation of samples.•A new algorithm was used to create a mesh matching the real product shape.•Shape change and moisture profiles during drying were simulated.•The effect of geometry and deformation on water diffusivity was appraised.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase.
To compare ...performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset).
A sample of 146 participants in a predictive diagnosis of HD programme were divided into the HDC (41.1%) and non-HDC groups (58.9%). Mathematical formulae were used to calculate disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the HDC group; these parameters were correlated with neuropsychological performance.
Significant differences were observed between groups in performance on the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), Stroop-B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and phonological fluency. In the HDC group, correlations were observed between disease burden and performance on the MMSE, Stroop-B, and SDMT. The group of patients close to the manifest stage scored lowest on the MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT, and semantic verbal fluency. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance, the MMSE effect shows statistically significant differences in disease burden and proximity to onset of symptoms.
Members of the HDC group close to the manifest phase performed more poorly on tests assessing information processing speed and attention. Prefrontal cognitive dysfunction appears early, several years before the motor diagnosis of HD.
La enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo y hereditario, gracias al diagnóstico predictivo se han descrito características clínicas incipientes en la fase prodrómica.
Comparar la ejecución en tareas cognitivas de portadores (PEH) del gen de la huntingtina y no portadores (NPEH) y observar la variabilidad en la ejecución, dependiendo de la carga de la enfermedad y cercanía a la etapa manifiesta (edad de inicio de síntomas).
146 participantes de un Programa de Diagnóstico Predictivo de EH (PDP-EH) se dividió en PEH (41.1%) y NPEH (58.9%). Mediante fórmulas matemáticas se obtuvo la carga de enfermedad y cercanía a la etapa manifiesta en el grupo PEH y se correlacionó con la ejecución neuropsicológica.
Se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en MMSE, Stroop-B, SDMT y fluidez fonológica. En el grupo PEH se observaron correlaciones entre la carga de enfermedad con el MMSE, Stroop-B y SDMT. El grupo “Cerca” a la etapa manifiesta es el que obtiene la puntuación más baja en el MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT y fluidez verbal semántica. De acuerdo al MANCOVA el efecto MMSE evidencia diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre carga de la enfermedad y cercanía de inicio de síntomas.
Se observa un nivel menor de desempeño en el grupo PEH con probabilidad de inicio cercano de la fase manifiesta, en pruebas que evalúan velocidad de procesamiento y atención. La disfunción cognitiva prefrontal se altera de manera precoz, varios años antes del diagnóstico motor de la EH.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Image Mosaicing Applied on UAVs Survey Gómez-Reyes, Jean K.; Benítez-Rangel, Juan P.; Morales-Hernández, Luis A. ...
Applied sciences,
03/2022, Volume:
12, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The use of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) technology has allowed for advances in the area of robotics in control processes and application development. Such is the case of image processing, in which, ...by the use of aerial photographs taken by these aircrafts, it is possible to perform surveillance and monitoring tasks. As an example, we can mention the use of aerial photographs for the generation of panoramic images through the process of stitching images without losing image resolution. Some applications are photogrammetry and mapping, where the main problems to be solved are image alignment and ghosting images, for which different stitching techniques can be applied. These methodologies can be categorized into direct methods or feature-based methods. This paper aims to show an overview of the most frequently applied mosaicing techniques in UAVs by providing an introduction to those interested in developing in this area. For this purpose, a summary of the most applied techniques and their applications is given, showing the trend of the research field and the contribution of different countries over time.
INTRODUCTIONHuntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase. ...OBJECTIVETo compare performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset). METHODA sample of 146 participants in a predictive diagnosis of HD programme were divided into the HDC (41.1%) and non-HDC groups (58.9%). Mathematical formulae were used to calculate disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the HDC group; these parameters were correlated with neuropsychological performance. RESULTSSignificant differences were observed between groups in performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Stroop-B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and phonological fluency. In the HDC group, correlations were observed between disease burden and performance on the MMSE, Stroop-B, and SDMT. The group of patients close to the manifest stage scored lowest on the MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT, and semantic verbal fluency. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance, the MMSE effect shows statistically significant differences in disease burden and proximity to onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONSMembers of the HDC group close to the manifest phase performed more poorly on tests assessing information processing speed and attention. Prefrontal cognitive dysfunction appears early, several years before the motor diagnosis of HD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Multiple sclerosis: the second cause of neurological disability in young adults.•Depression is present in up to 50% of people with multiple sclerosis.•Physical limitations and mood disorders ...influence perception on quality of life.•Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis must worries health personnel.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis and its association with depressive symptoms and physical health.
A total of 117 patients clinically diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) were studied. The MSQOL-54 scale was applied. The depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), while degree of physical disability was evaluated with the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale). The results of these last two instruments were associated with MSQOL-54 to determine its influence on the perception of quality of life.
We evaluated 65 women (56%) and 52 men (44%), with a mean age of 35 years, a mean age of 27 years at the time of diagnosis, and a mean evolution of 8 years. 88% of the patients showed the relapsing-remitting subtype; 42% had paid employment; 29% of the studied patients required help to perform daily activities; 75% took disease-modifying medications. They obtained on average a score of 3.62 ± 2.30 on the EDSS and 11.5 ± 9.21 on the BDI. The general average in MSQOL-54 was 64.67 ± 17.52.
Quality of life, in patients with multiple sclerosis is an issue that worries health personnel, it is essential to implement strategies for reducing the impact of the disease on patients' lives, mainly through the application of programs aimed to decrees depression and improve social support.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Infrared thermography (IRT) has become an interesting alternative for performing condition assessments of different types of induction motor (IM)-based equipment when it operates under harsh ...conditions. The reported results from state-of-the-art articles that have analyzed thermal images do not consider (1): the presence of more than one fault, and (2) the inevitable noise-corruption the images suffer. Bearing in mind these reasons, this paper presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methodology that is specifically designed to deal with noise-corrupted images for detecting the failures that have the highest incidence rate: bearing and broken bar failures; moreover, rotor misalignment failure is also considered, as it can cause a further increase in electricity consumption. The presented results show that the proposal is effective in detecting healthy and failure states, as well as identifying the failure nature, as a 95% accuracy is achieved. These results allow considering the proposal as an interesting alternative for using IRT images obtained in hostile environments.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative and hereditary disorder. Due to the predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase. Several ...studies have reported an increase in psychiatric symptoms in carriers of the HD gene without motor symptoms.
To identify psychological distress in carriers of the mutation that causes HD, without motor symptoms, utilizing the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), and to correlate with the burden and proximity of the disease.
A sample of 175 participants in a HD Predictive Diagnostic Program (PDP-HD) was divided into HEP carriers (39.4%) and NPEH non-carriers (61.6%) of the HD-causing mutation. By means of mathematical formulas, the disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the PEH group were obtained and it was correlated with the results of the SCL-90-R.
Comparing the results obtained in the SCL-90-R of the PEH and NPEH, the difference is observed in the positive somatic male index, where the PEH obtains higher average scores. The correlations between disease burden and psychological distress occur in the domains; obsessions and compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, global severity index and positive somatic distress index. A low correlation is observed between the burden of disease and the scores obtained in psychological discomfort.
In general, we found that the PEH group obtained a higher score in the dimensions evaluated with the SCL-90-R, showing a relationship with the burden and differences due to the proximity of the disease. Higher scores on the SCL-90-R dimensions in carriers of the HD gene may suggest an early finding of psychological symptoms in the disease.
La enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo y hereditario, a partir del diagnóstico predictivo se han descrito características clínicas incipientes en la fase prodrómica, varios estudios han reportado aumento de síntomas psiquiátricos en portadores de la mutación causante de la EH, sin síntomas motores, en esta fase.
Identificar malestar psicológico en portadores de la mutación causante de la EH sin síntomas motores, mediante el SCL-90, y correlacionar con la carga y cercanía de la enfermedad.
Una muestra de 175 participantes de un Programa de Diagnóstico Predictivo de EH (PDP-EH) se dividió en portadores PEH (39.4%) y no portadores NPEH (61.6%) de la mutación causante de EH. Mediante fórmulas matemáticas se obtuvo la carga de enfermedad y cercanía a la etapa manifiesta en el grupo PEH y se correlacionó con los resultados de inventario SCL-90-R.
Al comparar los resultados obtenidos en el SCL-90-R de los PEH y NPEH, la diferencia se observa en el índice de malestar por síntomas positivos, donde los portadores obtienen mayor puntuación promedio. Las correlaciones entre carga de enfermedad y síntomas psicológicos se dan en los dominios; obsesiones y compulsiones, sensibilidad interpersonal, hostilidad, índice de severidad global e índice de malestar somático positivo. Se observa una correlación baja entre la carga de enfermedad y las puntuaciones obtenidas en el malestar psicológico.
En general encontramos que el grupo PEH obtiene puntaje mayor en las dimensiones evaluadas con el SCL-90, muestran relación con la carga y diferencias por la cercanía de la enfermedad. Puntajes mayores en las dimensiones del SCL-90-R en portadores del gen para la EH pueden sugerir un hallazgo temprano de la sintomatología psicológica en la enfermedad.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
COVID-19 requires an early diagnosis to optimize management and limit transmission. SARS-CoV-2 is able to spread effectively. Infected asymptomatic individuals have been found to be ...contagious. RT-qPCR is the currently recommended laboratory method for diagnosing acute infection. However, rapid antigen detection (RAD) tests are not only fast, but require less specialized training. The possibility of using RAD tests to identify asymptomatic patients is attractive, as it could effectively contribute to minimizing the hospital spread of SARS-CoV-2. The objective of the study was to determine the performance of RAD vs. RT-qPCR for the detection of asymptomatic cases in INER health personnel.
Methods
In order to follow WHO guidelines, generalized tests, a test station for health care workers was implemented on demand. A rapid test was carried out and a second sample was taken to be processed by RT-qPCR. With the results of both tests we conducted a retrospective study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and negative likelihood ratios were calculated.
Results
A total of 1640 RAD tests were performed in health care workers (mean age was 39, 69, 47% with a self-reported comorbidity). Participants provided 1,640 valid RAD/RT-qPCR test pairs with 2% testing positive
via
RT-qPCR. 12 RAD samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Overall sensitivity of the PANBIO ™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test test was 35.2%.
Conclusions
RADs are not recommended for the detection of asymptomatic cases due to low performance.
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