Photoautotrophic mass culture of microalgae is currently under investigation for social implementation, since such organisms are anticipated to be resources of alternative fuels and materials for ...reducing global warming. Production scale-up of culture systems and economy balance are great barriers for practical usage. In order to develop new culture systems such as attachment on solid surfaces or biofilms, we investigated various characteristics of photosynthesis in
Chlorella
, not only in liquid but also on filter membranes. In aquatic cultures, the photosynthetic rate was almost the same as the specific exponential growth rate at over 32 °C, suggesting that highly efficient cell growth was achieved at that temperature. The algal cells could fix about 50 mmol carbons per mole photons, at cloudy-day-level light intensities, which result to produce 1.2 g dry cell weight in calculation. Moreover,
Chlorell
a could grow on a membrane surface at almost the same rate as in liquid. Similar tolerance to water deficiency was observed in a cyanobacterium,
Synechocystis
, in which gene expression responded in 30 min after the stress. Such a tolerance was also observed in other species of microalgae and cyanobacteria in photosynthesis.
Background
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive lung cancer has a better long‐term prognosis with ALK‐inhibitor than other lung cancers. However, resistance to ALK‐inhibitors and the control of ...metastases in the central nervous system (CNS) remain to be a challenge in the management of ALK‐positive lung cancer.
Case
We present the case of a 23‐year‐old man who developed multiple brain metastases while receiving alectinib treatment for ALK‐positive lung cancer. After 3 months of lorlatinib initiation, brain metastases disappeared, and complete response (CR) was maintained.
Conclusion
While lorlatinib can be used as first line therapy, this drug may be considered as second line or later option for patients with multiple brain metastases if the patient has already been treated with other ALK‐inhibitors since lorlatinib is thought to have good CNS penetration. This treatment option should be verified by further research.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
The association between the development of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) with tumor response and survival has remained unclear so far. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ...the association between CIP and the clinical efficacy of anti‐programmed cell death‐1 antibody in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods
Between January 2016 and August 2019, 203 advanced NSCLC patients were administered with nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Comparisons were made between patients with and without CIP. We evaluated the time‐to‐treatment failure (TTF), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).
Results
CIP was observed in 28 (14%) patients. CIP was associated with a longer PFS (18.9 months 95% confidence interval, CI: 8.7 months–not reached vs. 3.9 months 95% CI: 3.4–5.1 months, p < 0.01) and longer OS (27.4 95% CI: 20.7 months–not reached vs. 14.8 months 95% CI: 11.2–17.9 months, p = 0.003). Most patients discontinued the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment when they developed CIP. Seven patients (25%) lived for more than 300 days from treatment discontinuation and did not show any long‐term tumor growth after treatment discontinuation.
Conclusion
CIP was associated with prolonged PFS and OS. Additionally, 25% of CIP patients did not show any tumor growth for long periods after treatment discontinuation. Careful management of CIP can help in obtaining the best clinical efficacy from anti‐PD‐1 antibody.
This study aimed to evaluate the association between checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) and the clinical efficacy of anti‐programmed cell death‐1 monotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CIP was associated with a longer PFS (18.9 months vs. 3.9 months, p < 0.01) and longer OS (27.4 vs. 14.8 months, p = 0.003), and 25% of CIP patients did not grow tumors long after treatment was discontinued. We believe that cautious management of irAEs (especially early detection and treatment) can facilitate achieving the maximum clinical benefit from nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
An 80s male, with a medical history of hypertension, hyperuricemia, and atrial fibrillation, visited our emergency outpatient department with vomiting and diarrhea as the chief complaint in August ...2017. The blood examination revealed a high level of inflammatory reaction. The plain abdominal CT revealed fluid retention contacting the small intestine and intraabdominal free gas. We diagnosed the case as a small intestinal perforation, following which we performed emergency surgery. The small intestine was perforated, and an abscess cavity was formed between the transverse mesocolon and mesentery proper. Thus, the abscess was removed, and about 30 cm of the small intestine, including the perforated site, was resected, followed by the reconstruction. The resected specimens revealed squamous cell carcinoma at the small intestinal perforated site. Lung squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed by subsequent chest CT and immunostaining. We administered 3 courses of chemotherapy combined with carboplatin and albumin-bound paclitaxel. Although the effect was partially observed, interstitial pneumonia occurred, which was inferred to be drug-induced. The patient died in 195 days following the surgery. Herein, we reported a case of lung cancer, which was diagnosed on the detection of gastrointestinal perforation caused by a small intestinal metastasis.
BACKGROUNDAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lung cancer has a better long-term prognosis with ALK-inhibitor than other lung cancers. However, resistance to ALK-inhibitors and the control of ...metastases in the central nervous system (CNS) remain to be a challenge in the management of ALK-positive lung cancer.CASEWe present the case of a 23-year-old man who developed multiple brain metastases while receiving alectinib treatment for ALK-positive lung cancer. After 3 months of lorlatinib initiation, brain metastases disappeared, and complete response (CR) was maintained.CONCLUSIONWhile lorlatinib can be used as first line therapy, this drug may be considered as second line or later option for patients with multiple brain metastases if the patient has already been treated with other ALK-inhibitors since lorlatinib is thought to have good CNS penetration. This treatment option should be verified by further research.
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Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Variations in color and texture of histopathology images are caused by differences in staining conditions and imaging devices between hospitals. These biases decrease the robustness of machine ...learning models exposed to out-of-domain data. To address this issue, we introduce a comprehensive histopathology image dataset named PathoLogy Images of Scanners and Mobile phones (PLISM). The dataset consisted of 46 human tissue types stained using 13 hematoxylin and eosin conditions and captured using 13 imaging devices. Precisely aligned image patches from different domains allowed for an accurate evaluation of color and texture properties in each domain. Variation in PLISM was assessed and found to be significantly diverse across various domains, particularly between whole-slide images and smartphones. Furthermore, we assessed the improvement in domain shift using a convolutional neural network pre-trained on PLISM. PLISM is a valuable resource that facilitates the precise evaluation of domain shifts in digital pathology and makes significant contributions towards the development of robust machine learning models that can effectively address challenges of domain shift in histological image analysis.
Numerous cancer histopathology specimens have been collected and digitized over the past few decades. A comprehensive evaluation of the distribution of various cells in tumor tissue sections can ...provide valuable information for understanding cancer. Deep learning is suitable for achieving these goals; however, the collection of extensive, unbiased training data is hindered, thus limiting the production of accurate segmentation models. This study presents SegPath—the largest annotation dataset (>10 times larger than publicly available annotations)—for the segmentation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections for eight major cell types in cancer tissue. The SegPath generating pipeline used H&E-stained sections that were destained and subsequently immunofluorescence-stained with carefully selected antibodies. We found that SegPath is comparable with, or outperforms, pathologist annotations. Moreover, annotations by pathologists are biased toward typical morphologies. However, the model trained on SegPath can overcome this limitation. Our results provide foundational datasets for machine-learning research in histopathology.
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•SegPath is the largest annotation dataset for cancer histology segmentation•Immunofluorescence restaining enables high-throughput and accurate annotation•SegPath is morphologically less biased than pathologists’ annotation
Tumor tissue is composed of various cell types. Information on the location of various cells in tumor tissue is essential to identifying tumor features; however, the accurate and quick estimation of this information is challenging. Deep-learning-based segmentation can overcome this challenge but is hindered by the insufficient amount of training data. We therefore created training datasets for the segmentation of various tissues or cells at an unprecedented scale through immunostaining with antibodies that identify various tissue/cell types. SegPath annotation outperforms manual annotation in terms of accuracy and morphological bias, leading to more optimized segmentation model development. Application of the segmentation model trained on SegPath to a large number of cancer histopathology specimens that have been accumulated in hospitals could significantly impact cancer diagnosis and acquisition of additional insight into cancer research.
We created the largest-scale datasets for the segmentation of cancer histology images. Immunostaining with antibodies that recognize eight tissue/cell types yields datasets that are more accurate than those of conventional human annotations. These datasets enable the development of accurate deep-learning models for cancer histological images, which could assist in computer-aided diagnosis, interpretation of the diagnosis, and basic science of cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rikkunshito (RKT), a traditional Japanese medicine, combined with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in patients with PPI-refractory ...non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).
Methods
Patients with PPI-refractory NERD (
n
= 242) were randomly assigned to the RKT group rabeprazole (10 mg/day) + RKT (7.5 g/t.i.d.) for 8 weeks or the placebo group (rabeprazole + placebo). After the 4- and 8-week treatments, we assessed symptoms and quality of life (QOL) using the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (FSSG), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and Short-Form Health Survey-8 (SF-8).
Results
There were no significant differences in FSSG and GSRS score improvement between these groups after the 4- and 8-week treatments. The mental component summary (MCS) scores of the SF-8 improved more in the RKT group (from 45.8 ± 8.1 to 48.5 ± 7.4) than in the placebo group (from 47.7 ± 7.1 to 48.4 ± 7.5) after the 4-week treatment (
P
< 0.05). The 8-week treatment with RKT was more effective for improvement of the degree of MCS score in patients with a low body mass index (<22) (
P
< 0.05) and significantly improved the acid-related dysmotility symptoms of FSSG in female and elderly patients (≥65 years).
Conclusion
There were no significant differences in improvement of GERD symptoms in patients with PPI-refractory NERD between these groups. However, RKT may be useful for improving mental QOL in non-obese patients and acid-related dyspeptic symptoms, especially in women and the elderly.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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