Distorted Heusler compound of D019 Mn3Ge polycrystalline films were studied in terms of their crystalline structures and antiferromagnetic behavior by varying annealing temperature and Mn-Ge ...composition. Although low temperature growth for 30 nm Mn3Ge showed no diffraction peaks in X-ray diffraction patterns, high temperature growth over 773 K with Mn-rich composition is found to promote the (0001) orientation of D019 Mn3Ge which resulted in the emergence of an exchange bias effect in Co0.6Fe0.4 ferromagnetic layer at 120 K. The exchange bias field of 12 Oe in Mn3.16Ge film grown at 773 K were improved to 61 Oe by enriching Mn composition to Mn3.97Ge. The average blocking temperature was measured to be at 150 K which is not as high as its reported Néel temperature of 390 K in the bulk state, however, further improvements are expected by doping additional transition elements.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We studied the effect of second-order magnetic anisotropy on the linear conductance output of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) for magnetic-field-sensor applications. Experimentally, ...CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB-based MTJs were fabricated, and the nonlinearity, NL was evaluated for different thicknesses, t of the CoFeB free layer from the conductance. As increasing t from 1.5 to 2.0 nm, maximum NL, NL
was found to decrease from 1.86 to 0.17% within the dynamic range, H
= 1.0 kOe. For understanding the origin of such NL behavior, a theoretical model based on the Slonczewski model was constructed, wherein the NL was demonstrated to be dependent on both the normalized second-order magnetic anisotropy field of H
/|H
| and the normalized dynamic range of H
/|H
|. Here, H
, H
, are the effective and second-order magnetic anisotropy field of the free layer in MTJ. Remarkably, experimental NL
plotted as a function of H
/|H
| and H
/|H
|, which were measured from FMR technique coincided with the predictions of our model. Based on these experiment and calculation, we conclude that H
is the origin of NL and strongly influences its magnitude. This finding gives us a guideline for understanding NL and pioneers a new prospective for linear-output MTJ sensors to control sensing properties by H
.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Corneal limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation using cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets has been used successfully to treat limbal stem cell deficiencies. Here we report an ...investigation into the quality of cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets using time-lapse imaging of the cell culture process every 20 minutes over 14 days to ascertain the level of cell jamming, a phenomenon in which cells become smaller, more rounded and less actively expansive. In parallel, we also assessed the expression of p63, an important corneal epithelial stem cell marker. The occurrence of cell jamming was variable and transient, but was invariably associated with a thickening and stratification of the cell sheet. p63 was present in all expanding cell sheets in the first 9 days of culture, but it's presence did not always correlate with stratification of the cell sheet. Nor did p63 expression necessarily persist in stratified cell sheets. An assessment of cell jamming, therefore, can shed significant light on the quality and regenerative potential of cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•(Mn,Fe)3Ga grown on Ru buffer layer shows single D019 phase.•Perpendicular and in-plane exchange bais are observed in (Mn,Fe)3Ga.•Perpendicular and in-plane exchange bias depend on Fe compositions ...from the spin structural changes.
Fe-doped D019 Mn3Ga films were studied in terms of both their in-plane and perpendicular exchange bias field, Hex, induced in the attached ferromagnetic layer. The (Mn,Fe)3Ga films were deposited on a Si substrate with a Ru buffer layer with a (0 0 0 1)-oriented single D019 phase at room temperature. Consequently, in-plane and perpendicular Hex were measured in bilayers with a CoFe layer and a Co/Pt multilayer, respectively. In-plane Hex was found to be dependent on the Fe compositions, showing the largest value of 446 Oe at 120 K for 10-nm-thick Mn1.99Fe0.41Ga. Perpendicular Hex was dependent on not only the Fe compositions but also the thickness of (Mn,Fe)3Ga, exhibiting the maximum of 163 Oe at 120 K for 5-nm-thick Mn1.96Fe0.67Ga. The median blocking temperature of both in-plane and perpendicular Hex systems for 10-nm-thick (Mn,Fe)3Ga were measured to be 235 and 240 K, respectively. The measured in-plane and perpendicular Hex induced by (Mn,Fe)3Ga are generated by a spin structural change from noncollinear to noncoplaner in ab-plane as expected from the previous theoretical study A. Kundu and S. Ghosh, Intermetallics93, 209 (2018).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Changes in cell fluidity have been observed in various cellular tissues and are strongly linked to biological phenomena such as self-organization. Recent studies suggested variety of mechanisms and ...factors, which are still being investigated. This study aimed to investigate changes in cell fluidity in multi-layered cell sheets, by exploring the collective arrest of cell motion and its release in cultures of corneal epithelial cells. We constructed mathematical models to simulate the behaviors of individual cells, including cell differentiation and time-dependent changes in cell-cell connections, which are defined by stochastic or kinetic rules. Changes in cell fluidity and cell sheet structures were expressed by simulating autonomous cell behaviors and interactions in tissues using an agent-based model. A single-cell level spatiotemporal analysis of cell state transition between migratable and non-migratable states revealed that the release from collective arrest of cell motion was initially triggered by a decreased ability to form cell-cell connections in the suprabasal layers, and was propagated by chain migration. Notably, the disruption of cell-cell connections and stratification occurred in the region of migratable state cells. Hence, a modeling approach that considers time-dependent changes in cell properties and behavior, and spatiotemporal analysis at the single-cell level can effectively delineate emergent phenomena arising from the complex interplay of cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The CoFeB thickness, t dependence of the effective first- and second-order magnetic anisotropy, K1eff and K2, for MgO/(Co1-xFex)80B20/Ta films (x=0.3-1.0) is investigated. As Co40Fe40B20 thickness ...decreases, K1eff increases and shows a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for t=1.2 nm. On the other hand, in-plane magnetic anisotropy is observed for t≥1.4 nm. Also, a 1.3-nm-thick CoFeB sample demonstrates an easy-cone behavior, which suggests that the magnitude of K1eff and K2 becomes comparable. By plotting the product of K2 and t-td as a function of t-td, where td is a magnetic dead layer thickness, linear dependences with negative y-axis intercepts are displayed for all ranges of x. The extracted interfacial K2, Ki(2) are varied depending on the compositions in the range of-0.024 to −0.042 erg/cm2 for x=100% and 30, 50%, respectively. A magnetic phase diagram summarizing the results of K1-2πMs2 and K2 suggests that the ratio of K2 against K1-2πMs2 is varied depending on the compositions. These results give us a guideline to achieve the desired magnetic properties of CoFeB for spintronic applications.
•We have developed new reconstructed human corneal epithelial model.•We tried to develop new in vitro eye irritation test method using this model.•The test method was optimized according to ...physiological property of test substances.•The predictions of the established method were highly correlated with in vivo data.•New test method could be useful as an alternative method to the Draize test.
Finding in vitro eye irritation testing alternatives to animal testing such as the Draize eye test, which uses rabbits, is essential from the standpoint of animal welfare. It has been developed a reconstructed human corneal epithelial model, the LabCyte CORNEA-MODEL, which has a representative corneal epithelium-like structure. Protocol optimization (pre-validation study) was examined in order to establish a new alternative method for eye irritancy evaluation with this model. From the results of the optimization experiments, the application periods for chemicals were set at 1min for liquid chemicals or 24h for solid chemicals, and the post-exposure incubation periods were set at 24h for liquids or zero for solids. If the viability was less than 50%, the chemical was judged to be an eye irritant. Sixty-one chemicals were applied in the optimized protocol using the LabCyte CORNEA-MODEL and these results were evaluated in correlation with in vivo results. The predictions of the optimized LabCyte CORNEA-MODEL eye irritation test methods were highly correlated with in vivo eye irritation (sensitivity 100%, specificity 80.0%, and accuracy 91.8%). These results suggest that the LabCyte CORNEA-MODEL eye irritation test could be useful as an alternative method to the Draize eye test.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive lung cancer has a better long‐term prognosis with ALK‐inhibitor than other lung cancers. However, resistance to ALK‐inhibitors and the control of ...metastases in the central nervous system (CNS) remain to be a challenge in the management of ALK‐positive lung cancer.
Case
We present the case of a 23‐year‐old man who developed multiple brain metastases while receiving alectinib treatment for ALK‐positive lung cancer. After 3 months of lorlatinib initiation, brain metastases disappeared, and complete response (CR) was maintained.
Conclusion
While lorlatinib can be used as first line therapy, this drug may be considered as second line or later option for patients with multiple brain metastases if the patient has already been treated with other ALK‐inhibitors since lorlatinib is thought to have good CNS penetration. This treatment option should be verified by further research.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT
Background
The expansion of preoperative immunochemotherapy has led to an increase in the number of patients with lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, ...oncologists should manage a variety of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). One of the rare, life‐threatening, and recently proposed irAEs is cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Although the standard treatment of irAE is systemic administration of steroids, it has been suggested that tocilizumab may be an effective treatment option for CRS.
Case
This case describes a 69‐year‐old man with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma who received chemotherapy and nivolumab, which is an ICI, as neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. After the first administration, the patient developed severe skin rash, fever, and arthralgia. We suspected irAEs and administered systemic steroids. However, fever and arthralgia did not improve, although the skin rash disappeared. These were also significant challenges for surgery. Noting the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, we consulted a rheumatologist. Finally, we decided to terminate neoadjuvant therapy after one cycle and administer tocilizumab. Tocilizumab dramatically improved the patient's symptoms and allowed him to undergo radical surgery. Pathological findings revealed that the patient achieved a major pathological response.
Conclusion
This indicates the potential effectiveness of early tocilizumab administration for ICI‐induced CRS, even in mild cases.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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