A cathode material of an electrically conducting carbon‐LiMnPO4 nanocomposite is synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis followed by ball milling. The effect of the carbon content on the ...physicochemical and electrochemical properties of this material is extensively studied. A LiMnPO4 electrode with 30 wt% acetylene black (AB) carbon exhibits an excellent rate capability and good cycle life in cell tests at 55 and 25 °C. This electrode delivers a discharge capacity of 158 mAh g−1 at 1/20 C, 126 mAh g−1 at 1 C, and 107 mAh g−1 at 2 C rate, which are the highest capacities reported so far for this type of electrode. Transmission electron microscopy and Mn dissolution results confirm that the carbon particles surrounding the LiMnPO4 protect the electrode from HF attack, and thus lead to a reduction of the Mn dissolution that usually occurs with this electrode. The improved electrochemical properties of the C‐LiMnPO4 electrode are also verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The addition of acetylene black (AB) carbon to a nanostructured C‐LiMnPO4 cathode material results in an extraordinary electrode material for a lithium cell with very high reversible capacity and an excellent cycle life. The composite can easily be made by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis followed by ball milling. Microscopic studies confirm that the carbon particles protect the cathode materials from dissolution.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The reaction mechanism of α‐MnO2 having 2×2 tunnel structure with zinc ions in a zinc rechargeable battery, employing an aqueous zinc sulfate electrolyte, was investigated by in situ monitoring ...structural changes and water chemistry alterations during the reaction. Contrary to the conventional belief that zinc ions intercalate into the tunnels of α‐MnO2, we reveal that they actually precipitate in the form of layered zinc hydroxide sulfate (Zn4(OH)6(SO4)⋅5 H2O) on the α‐MnO2 surface. This precipitation occurs because unstable trivalent manganese disproportionates and is dissolved in the electrolyte during the discharge process, resulting in a gradual increase in the pH value of the electrolyte. This causes zinc hydroxide sulfate to crystallize from the electrolyte on the electrode surface. During the charge process, the pH value of the electrolyte decreases due to recombination of manganese on the cathode, leading to dissolution of zinc hydroxide sulfate back into the electrolyte. An analogous phenomenon is also observed in todorokite, a manganese dioxide polymorph with 3×3 tunnel structure that is an indication for the critical role of pH changes of the electrolyte in the reaction mechanism of this battery system.
The pH matters: Investigation of the reaction mechanism of tunneled manganese dioxide with zinc ions reveals that contrary to the conventional belief that zinc ions intercalate into the tunnels, a series of conversion reactions involving active manganese dissolution and concomitant electrolyte pH change lead to the reversible formation of layered zinc hydroxide sulfate.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The symbiotic relationship between macroorganisms, such as plants and animals, and the microorganisms in their environment plays a crucial role in shaping their physiology and ecology. Thus, many ...studies have examined microbial symbiosis in relation to plants, humans, and insects. However, little is known about the microbial diversity associated with isopods. Hence, in this study, we investigated the fungal diversity associated with two species of terrestrial isopods, Armadillidium nasatum and A. vulgare. In this study, we used a metabarcoding approach to compare fungal diversity between the two species for the first time. Our results indicated that A. nasatum had significantly greater mycobiome alpha diversity than A. vulgare. In contrast, fungal communities (beta diversity) did not differ significantly between hosts, except in beta dispersion of relative abundance. The majority of fungi identified belonged to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, phyla that are dominated by saprotrophs. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the fungal communities associated with Armadillidium species, providing valuable insight into the biology of terrestrial isopods.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tricholoma matsutake
is an ectomycorrhizal fungus usually associated with
Pinus densiflora
in South Korea. Fruiting bodies (mushrooms) of
T. matsutake
are economically important due to their ...attractive aroma; yet,
T. matsutake
is uncultivatable and its habitat is rapidly being eradicated due to global climate change. Root-associated bacteria can influence the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in the host rhizosphere and distinctive bacterial communities are associated with
T. matsutake
. In this study, we investigated how these bacterial communities affect
T. matsutake
growth by isolating bacteria from the roots of
P. densiflora
colonized by ectomycorrhizae of
T. matsutake
and co-culturing rootassociated bacteria with
T. matsutake
isolates. Thirteen species of bacteria (27 isolates) were found in pine roots, all belonging to the orders Bacillales or Burkholderiales. Two species in the genus
Paenibacillus
promoted the growth of
T. matsutake
in glucose poor conditions, likely using soluble metabolites. In contrast, other bacteria suppressed the growth of
T. matsutake
using both soluble and volatile metabolites. Antifungal activity was more frequent in glucose poor conditions. In general, pine rhizospheres harbored many bacteria that had a negative impact on
T. matsutake
growth and the few
Paenibacillus
species that promoted
T. matsutake
growth.
Paenibacillus
species, therefore, may represent a promising resource toward successful cultivation of
T. matsutake
.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Tricholoma matsutake
(pine mushroom) (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) is a valuable edible fungal species that cannot be cultivated artificially. As an ectomycorrhizal fungus,
T. matsutake
interacts with ...trees belonging to the Pinaceae and Fagaceae, and forms fairy rings around host trees that are arc-shaped areas with dense hyphae of
T. matsutake
in the soil. Because the fairy rings maintain their dense hyphae for several years and form fruiting bodies, the characteristics of the fairy ring may be important in understanding the ecology of
T. matsutake
. Recent studies have shown that diverse bacteria co-exist in the fairy ring, and suggest that the fairy ring bacteria may influence on the growth of
T. matsutake
. However, the effect of the fairy ring bacteria on the growth of
T. matsutake
is largely unknown. In this study, we isolated fairy ring bacteria and investigated their effect on the growth of
T. matsutake
in co-culture experiments. In addition, the relationship between bacterial effects and nutrient conditions was tested using different media with varying glucose concentrations. A total of 237 bacteria (28 species) were isolated from fairy rings of four different
T. matsutake
producing areas: Proteobacteria (17 species), Firmicutes (7 species), and Actinobacteria (4 species). Burkholderiaceae (
Burkholderia
and
Paraburkholderia
) was most abundant in the fairy ring bacteria communities. Most bacteria showed a negative effect on the growth of
T. matsutake
when it grew on glucose rich medium (20 g/L). In glucose deficient medium (2 g/L), however, some bacteria promoted the growth of
T. matsutake
. In addition, the mode of interaction between bacteria and
T. matsutake
is different, depending on the glucose concentration.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The complete mitochondrial genome of
was assembled using the strain CSC22A0184 that was isolated from the lichen
. The total length of the mitogenome was 51,551 bp and contained 49 genes: 15 ...protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 26 transfer RNA genes, and six open reading frames. The GC content of the mitogenome was 28.5% and had a base composition of 36.4% A, 12.6% C, 15.9% G, and 35.1% T. Phylogenetic analysis based on 14 protein-coding genes indicates that
is clustered in the family Bionectriaceae. This is the first study of the mitogenome of
, which is helpful for understanding the evolution of species within the genus
.
Leveraging omnichannel has become a new norm of strategic marketing in the retail industry, with many vendors foregrounding the value of customers who wish to maximize their shopping experiences ...across all channels. Notwithstanding such heightened attention, little is known about the effectiveness of omnichannel targeting and promotional strategies. Whereas previous studies assessed the economic worth of channel promotions independently of each other, our study delved into the effects of integrated omnichannel campaigns. Using a randomized field experiment design, we provide empirical evidence of an offline direct experience effect and revealed short-term channel substitution (spillover) effects among customers who only use the online-channel (offline-channel). We further examined omnichannel conversion behaviors after exposure to online promotion and developed different coupon schemes based on responses to the previously offered offline initiative. Finally, we detected significant patterns of post-treatment omnichannel migration and confirmed the effectiveness of integrated omnichannel promotions in fostering a shift to omnichannel shopping.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pine mushroom (PM, Tricholoma matsutake) is an important ectomycorrhizal fungus in Asia primarily due to its value as a food delicacy. Recent studies have shown that fairy rings of PM have ...distinctive fungal communities, which suggests that other fungi influence the growth of PM. Trichoderma is a well-known saprotrophic fungus commonly found in pine roots within PM fairy rings; however, little is known about the diversity of Trichoderma associated with PM and how these species influence PM growth. This study focused on diversity of Trichoderma isolated from pine roots within PM fairy rings and how these species affect the growth of PM isolate. Based on tef1a phylogenetic analyses, nine Trichoderma species (261 isolates) were identified. Trichoderma songyi and T. spirale were the dominant species, and Trichoderma community varied geographically. Growth experiments indicated that metabolites from five Trichoderma species had a significant influence on the growth of PM isolates. Metabolites of two Trichoderma species increased PM growth, while those of three Trichoderma species suppressed the growth. Within the fairy rings, Trichoderma that had a positive or neutral effect comprised the majority of Trichoderma communities. The results of this study suggest that various Trichoderma species co-exist within PM fairy rings and that these species influence PM growth.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tricholoma matsutake, the pine mushroom, is a valuable forest product with high economic value in Asia, and plays an important ecological role as an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Around the host tree, T. ...matsutake hyphae generate a distinctive soil aggregating environment called a fairy ring, where fruiting bodies form. Because T. matsutake hyphae dominate the soil near the fairy ring, this species has the potential to influence the microbial community. To explore the influence of T. matsutake on the microbial communities, we compared the microbial community and predicted bacterial function between two different soil types-T. matsutake dominant and T. matsutake minor. DNA sequence analyses showed that fungal and bacterial diversity were lower in the T. matsutake dominant soil compared to T. matsutake minor soil. Some microbial taxa were significantly more common in the T. matsutake dominant soil across geographic locations, many of which were previously identified as mycophillic or mycorrhiza helper bacteria. Between the two soil types, the predicted bacterial functional profiles (using PICRUSt) had significantly distinct KEGG modules. Modules for amino acid uptake, carbohydrate metabolism, and the type III secretion system were higher in the T. matsutake dominant soil than in the T. matsutake minor soil. Overall, similar microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial functional profiles of the T. matsutake dominant soil across geographic locations suggest that T. matsutake may generate a dominance effect.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work, RF magnetron co‐sputtering was used to fabricate molybdenum oxytelluride thin films with different atomic ratios. Scanning electron micrographs and atomic force micrographs revealed ...that pure Mo thin films were segregated. Thin films with 40% Te content portrayed needle‐like structures and thus had the largest Rq value of 2.48 nm. Contact angle measurements further supported the findings as the thin films with 40% Te content were the most hydrophobic. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that the major oxidation states of Mo from Te‐poor to Te‐rich TFs were changed from high (+6) to low (+4 and/or +2). X‐ray diffraction data showed that peaks pertaining to molybdenum oxide species appeared, notably at 33.048° and 33.115°. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe measurements evinced that the work function increases with increasing Te content. Four‐point probe measurements revealed that molybdenum oxytelluride thin films tend to have higher electrical conductivity than pure Mo and Te thin films.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
