Cilj je ovoga preglednog rada ukazati na moguće rizike prijevremenoga poroda za daljnji razvoj djece te prikazati rezultate recentnih istraživanja psihofizičkoga zdravlja roditelja prijevremeno ...rođene djece. Istraživanja pokazuju da posljedice koje prijevremeno rođenje ima za djecu mogu biti ozbiljne, pri čemu rizik od neurorazvojnih poremećaja raste s nižom gestacijskom dobi djeteta i nižom porodnom težinom. Rizici prijevremenoga rođenja djeteta za roditelje mogu se očitovati neposredno i/ili dugoročno, od akutne stresne reakcije do poslijetraumatskoga stresnog sindroma, poteškoća u razvoju privrženosti, perzistirajuće intenzivne brige i straha za dijete, što je dodatno naglašeno prelaskom djeteta iz bolničkoga okruženja na kućnu njegu. Inicijalna emocionalna i informativna podrška medicinskoga osoblja, prakticiranje tzv. klokanske njege, dostupnost stručnjaka za mentalno zdravlje te neformalni izvori podrške izuzetno su važni čimbenici prilagodbe roditelja. Pregled suvremenih istraživanja upućuje na potrebu za daljnjim ispitivanjima čimbenika koji se dovode u vezu s (ne)uspješnom psihofizičkom prilagodbom roditelja na prijevremeno rođenje djeteta i skrb o nedonoščetu. Budući da je adekvatno suočavanje roditelja važan preduvjet razvojnih ishoda kod neurorizične djece, bitno je osigurati programe podrške roditeljima da bi se osnažila njihova znanja i kompetencije.
The aim of this review is to highlight possible risks preterm birth can have for the development of children and to present the results of recent research on psychophysical health of parents of prematurely born children. Research shows that, for children, the consequences of preterm birth can be serious, with the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders increasing with lower gestational age of the child as well as birth weight. For parents, the effects of child’s preterm birth can manifest immediately and/or long-term, and range from an acute stress reaction, to post-traumatic stress syndrome, difficulties in the development of attachment, persistent intense worry and fear for the child, which is further emphasized by the child’s transition from a hospital environment to home care. Initial emotional and informative support of the medical staff, practicing kangaroo care, as well as the availability of mental health experts and informal support sources are extremely important for parents’ adaptation. A review of contemporary research points to the need for further investigation of factors associated with the (un)successful psychophysical adaptation of parents to the premature birth of a child and the care of a premature infant. Since adequate parental coping is an important prerequisite for developmental outcomes in neuro-risk children, it is important to provide support programs for parents in order to strengthen their knowledge and competences.
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Parents of children with developmental disabilities face numerous challenges and stressors that can negatively impact their well-being. One of the relatively neglected issues, particularly in the ...national context, is the difficulty of balancing the demands of work and family for this group of parents. Therefore, this paper aimed to gain a deeper insight into the factors that may be important in explaining the well-being of working parents of children with developmental disabilities in Croatia. More specifically, it aimed to identify the factors that promote and/or hinder the reconciliation of work and family life for this group of parents. A total of 25 working parents (15 mothers and 10 fathers) of children with different types and degrees of developmental disabilities participated in the research, which was based on in-depth interviews. Most participants (N=23) have one child, while two of them have two children with objectively diagnosed developmental disabilities. Most of the participants (N=21) are employed full-time. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results indicated four groups of factors: social, organisational, family, and individual, that facilitate and/or hinder the reconciliation of work and family roles from the perspective of study participants. Considering that the well-being of parents of children with developmental disabilities is strongly influenced by the specific social context, which makes it difficult to generalise the insights obtained in different countries, the results of this research conducted in Croatia constitute an important theoretical contribution. The identification and description of relevant factors that enable the reconciliation of work and family roles and thus shape the well-being of this group of parents provide a strong starting point for quantitative research in this area. In addition to the above, the paper provides a number of practical implications aimed at improving the well-being of this group of parents.
Roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju suočavaju se s brojnim izazovima i stresorima koji se mogu negativno odraziti na njihovu dobrobit. Jedna od relativno zanemarenih tema, osobito u nacionalnim ...okvirima, jest otežana mogućnost usklađivanja zahtjeva radne i obiteljske uloge te skupine roditelja. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio dobiti dublji uvid u čimbenike koji imaju potencijalno važnu ulogu u objašnjenju dobrobiti zaposlenih roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju u RH; preciznije, identificirati čimbenike koji promoviraju i/ili ometaju usklađivanje radnog i obiteljskog života te skupine roditelja. U istraživanju temeljenom na dubinskim intervjuima sudjelovalo je ukupno 25 zaposlenih roditelja (15 majki i 10 očeva) djece s različitim vrstama i stupnjevima teškoća u razvoju. Većina sudionika (N=23) ima jedno dijete, dok dvoje sudionika ima dvoje djece s objektivno dijagnosticiranim teškoćama u razvoju. Većina sudionika (N=21) provedenog istraživanja zaposlena je na puno radno vrijeme. Podatci su analizirani tematskom analizom. Rezultati su ukazali na četiri skupine čimbenika: društvene, organizacijske, obiteljske i osobne, koji, iz perspektive sudionika istraživanja, olakšavaju i/ili otežavaju usklađivanje radne i obiteljske uloge. S obzirom na to da je dobrobit roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju snažno oblikovana specifičnim društvenim kontekstom, što otežava poopćavanje rezultata te tematike dobivene u različitim zemljama, rezultati istraživanja provedenog u RH imaju važan teorijski doprinos. Identifikacija i opis relevantnih čimbenika koji omogućuju usklađivanje radne i obiteljske uloge te tako oblikuju dobrobit te skupine roditelja pružaju snažno polazište za kvantitativna istraživanja u tom području. Uz spomenuto rad pruža niz praktičnih implikacija usmjerenih unapređenju dobrobiti te skupine roditelja.
Parents of children with developmental disabilities face numerous challenges and stressors that can negatively impact their well-being. One of the relatively neglected issues, particularly in the national context, is the difficulty of balancing the demands of work and family for this group of parents. Therefore, this paper aimed to gain a deeper insight into the factors that may be important in explaining the well-being of working parents of children with developmental disabilities in Croatia. More specifically, it aimed to identify the factors that promote and/or hinder the reconciliation of work and family life for this group of parents. A total of 25 working parents (15 mothers and 10 fathers) of children with different types and degrees of developmental disabilities participated in the research, which was based on in-depth interviews. Most participants (N=23) have one child, while two of them have two children with objectively diagnosed developmental disabilities. Most of the participants (N=21) are employed full-time. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results indicated four groups of factors: social, organisational, family, and individual, that facilitate and/or hinder the reconciliation of work and family roles from the perspective of study participants. Considering that the well-being of parents of children with developmental disabilities is strongly influenced by the specific social context, which makes it difficult to generalise the insights obtained in different countries, the results of this research conducted in Croatia constitute an important theoretical contribution. The identification and description of relevant factors that enable the reconciliation of work and family roles and thus shape the well-being of this group of parents provide a strong starting point for quantitative research in this area. In addition to the above, the paper provides a number of practical implications aimed at improving the well-being of this group of parents.
Quantitative research on the positive aspects of work–life integration and the well-being of families with children with disabilities is scarce, especially in the national context. The family can ...provide gains that enhance work domain functioning (family-to-work facilitation; FWF), and work can provide gains that enhance family domain functioning (work-to-family facilitation; WFF). The aim of this study is to examine the contributions of some personal and environmental resources in explaining WFF and FWF and the mental health of parents of children with disabilities residing in Croatia. The mediational role of WFF and FWF in the relationship between resources and mental health was tested, while controlling for some general socio-demographic variables. A total of 571 employed parents of a child/children with disabilities completed an online self-assessment questionnaire. The results show that higher WFF (19%) was predicted by higher levels of social support at work, a higher level of education, posttraumatic growth (PTG) of personal strength, and recovery management. Higher FWF (46%) was predicted by higher levels of social support in the family, PTG of personal strength, the emotional regulation strategy of reorienting to planning, optimism, a younger age, the male gender, a greater number of children, and a higher level of education. A higher level of mental health (47%) was predicted directly by higher levels of optimism, recovery management, FWF, emotional regulation strategies of positive refocusing and planning, and a greater number of children, and was indirectly predicted by all the predictors of FWF through a higher level of FWF (but not WFF).
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Glavni je cilj ovog istraživanja bio provjeriti primjenjivost osnovnih koncepata teorije privrženosti u području veza ljudi i njihovih kućnih ljubimaca, odnosno definirati osnovna obilježja ...spomenutog odnosa u kontekstu privrženosti. Privrženost je u odnosu vlasnik-kućni ljubimac interpretirana u kontekstu bliskih odnosa u okviru obiteljske, romantične i prijateljske domene. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 219 vlasnika kućnih ljubimaca (pasa), koji su osobno kontaktirani te su pristali popuniti upitnik. Mj erni su instrumenti zastuplj eni u primij enj enom upitniku Upitnik karakteristika i funkcij a privrženosti, Modificirani Brennanov Inventar iskustava u bliskim vezama i Upitnik privrženosti prema kućnim ljubimcima. U odnosu je s kućnim ljubimcem izražena funkcija separacijske anksioznosti pred sigurnim utočištem kao indikatorom realizacije privrženog ponašanja. Vlasnici pasa percipiraju odnos s romantičnim partnerom kao onaj u kojem je najsnažniji doživljaj sigurnog utočišta, dok je isti najmanje izražen upravo u odnosu s kućnim ljubimcem. Razlike u doživljaju separacijske anksioznosti meðu odnosima nešto su manje izražene iako prisutne i podržavaju vodeći status partnerskog odnosa. Utvrðen je nizak stupanj konzistencije meðu dimenzijama privrženosti u odnosima s ljudima i odnosu sa psom kao kućnim ljubimcem. Pojedinci koji su skloniji izbjegavati bliskost i odbijati intimnost vjerojatnije će i realizirati manje privrženih ponašanja u specifičnim odnosima (vrijedi za sve ispitivane vrste odnosa). Istraživanje je pridonijelo definiranju karakteristika odnosa vlasnik-kućni ljubimac jer se njime zahvaća pretpostavljena uloga koju privrženost igra u takvom odnosu. Općenito, rezultati upućuju na zaključak prema kojem odnos s kućnim ljubimcem te odnosi u preostale tri bliske interpersonalne domene dijele u odreðenoj mjeri zajedničku osnovu, u smislu kvalitete privrženosti, u teorijski očekivanom smjeru. Može se zaključiti da odnos s kućnim ljubimcem imitira blizak interpersonalni odnos.
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Roditeljska skrb o odraslom djetetu s invaliditetom predstavlja izuzetne zahtjeve i odgovornost, što se može nepovoljno odraziti na njihovo tjelesno i psihičko funkcioniranje. Pritom je opterećenje ...njegovatelja veće kod onih roditelja koji skrbe o starijoj u odnosu na mlađu djecu, zbog kumulativnih efekata stresa te rastuće brige roditelja za nesigurnu budućnost njihove djece koja stare. S obzirom na to da cjelovita skrb o odrasloj djeci s invaliditetom predstavlja značajni psihofizički izazov za zdravlje starijih roditelja, te uzevši u obzir rezultate istraživanja koji ukazuju na značenje podrške sredine, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ostvariti inicijalni uvid u problematiku skrbi o odrasloj djeci/osobama s invaliditetom unutar okvira javnog i privatnog sektora u RH i to iz perspektive roditelja njegovatelja. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 72 roditelja (67 žena) prosječne dobi od oko 53 godine, koji u potpunosti skrbe o svom odraslom djetetu s invaliditetom. Podaci su prikupljeni online metodom. Tematska analiza odgovora na temeljno istraživačko pitanje pokazuje kako manji udio roditelja iskazuje opće zadovoljstvo sa skrbi, dok većina roditelja navodi razloge nezadovoljstva sa skrbi koju njihovo dijete ostvaruje kao osoba s invaliditetom. Preliminarnim uvidom u aspekte formalne skrbi prema osobama s invaliditetom, iz perspektive roditelja, ostvaren je znanstveni doprinos u vidu empirijskih smjernica za buduća istraživanja ove tematike, dok zaključci mogu poslužiti pri daljnjem razvoju bioetičkog znanstveno-stručnog diskursa te, shodno tome, i analizama i evaluaciji postojećih socijalnih politika.
Parental care for an adult child with disabilities presents exceptional demands and responsibilities that can have a negative effect on the physical and psychological functioning of the parents. At the same time, because of the cumulative impact of stress and the growing concern for the uncertain future of their aging children, the workload of parent caregivers who care for older children is higher than those who care for younger ones. Because comprehensive care for adult children with disabilities presents a significant psychophysical challenge for the health of elderly parents, and also considering the research results that point to the importance of their surrounding’s support, the aim of this research was to gain initial insight into the issue of caring for adult children/people with disability within the framework of the public and private sectors in the Republic of Croatia, from the perspective of the parent caregivers. 72 parents (67 women) that fully care for their adult child with disabilities, with an average age of around 53, partook in this research. The data was collected online. The thematic analysis of the responses to the basic research question indicates that a smaller percentage of parents express overall satisfaction with the care, while the majority of parents cite reasons for their dissatisfaction with the care that their children as people with disability receive. Preliminary insight into the aspects of formal care for people with disability, from the parental perspective, has given a scientific contribution in the form of empirical guidelines for future research on this topic. Additionally, the conclusions can contribute to the development of bioethical scientific professional discourse and, congruously, to the analysis and evaluation of existing social policies.
The aim of this study was to determine the separate and joint contribution of individual, family, occupational, and social factors in explaining the life satisfaction of working mothers of children ...with developmental disabilities. Working mothers of children with disabilities participated in this study (N = 508). They completed an online questionnaire to measure factors from personal (optimism and personal strength), family (satisfaction with family finances, parental stress, number of children, and support from family members related to work), work (job demands, control, and support) and society domain (satisfaction with the healthcare, educational and welfare system). All of them were employed (at least part-time) but also, they all had at least one child with disabilities under 19 years of age whose degree of disability was officially determined. Regression analysis indicated that factors from personal, family (satisfaction with family finances, parental stress, and support from family members related to work), and societal domain (satisfaction with the healthcare system) predicted mothers’ life satisfaction. Work-related variables did not. A comprehensive approach is very useful in studying the well-being of parents of children with disabilities. Future studies should also include fathers, as it is reasonable to assume that mothers and fathers differ in the influence of certain factors on their well-being. Considering the sample size and bias, these results have significant limitations in terms of generalizability.
Prema gledištu evolucijske psihologije manipulacija uključuje načine na koje ljudi namjerno pokušavaju mijenjati ponašanje drugih (Buss, 1987). Manipulativno ponašanje ima svoj razlog, svrhu ili ...cilj, a korištenje pojedinih taktika manipulacije ovisi o tome što želimo postići. Vrsta odnosa uvjetuje vrstu taktike koja se smatra primjerenom, a romantični su odnosi osobito bogat izvor informacija o aspektima manipulativnog ponašanja. Cilj je ovoga rada bio utvrditi psihometrijske karakteristike
(konstruktnu valjanost i pouzdanost) prevedenih verzija skala taktika manipulacije (Tactics of Manipulation; Buss, 1992) i emocionalne manipulacije (Emotional Manipulation Scale; Austin, Farrelly, Black i Moore, 2007). Istraživanje je provedeno trima manjim studijama (N1 = 315, N2 = 281, N3 = 168), a sudionici su bili odrasle osobe koje su u romantičnoj vezi. Psihometrijska provjera karakteristika prevedenih i modificiranih verzija Skala taktika manipulacije (Buss, 1992) i Skale emocionalne manipulacije (Austin i sur., 2007) upućuje na to da se u oba
slučaja radi o instrumentima trodimenzionalne latentne strukture i zadovoljavajuće pouzdanosti tipa unutarnje konzistencije. Prema dobivenim rezultatima emocionalna manipulacija pozitivno je, iako nisko,
povezana s korištenjem taktika manipulacije. Drugim riječima, veća sklonost emocionalnoj manipulaciji podrazumjeva i sklonost korištenju taktika manipulacije. S druge strane, emocionalna inteligencija nije značajno povezana ni s emocionalnom manipulacijom ni s taktikama manipulacije.
According to evolution psychology manipulation includes manners in which people are trying to influence other people's behaviour (Buss, 1987). This influence includes specific reason, purpose or aim, depending on which tactics are being used. Type of relation influences the type of tactic that is considered to be the most appropriate one, while romantic relations offer a remarkable source of information about aspects of manipulative behaviour. The aim of this research was to determine psychometric characteristics (validity, reliability) of translated versions of Tactics of Manipulation (Buss, 1992) and Emotional Manipulation Scale (Austin, Farrelly, Black, & Moore, 2007). Research comprehended tri studies (N1 = 315, N2 = 281, N3 = 168) conducted on adult individuals in romantic relationship. Psychometric verification of translated and modified versions of Tactics of Manipulation (Buss, 1992) and Emotional Manipulation Scale (Austin et al., 2007) revealed that both instruments show three-dimensional latent structure and satisfying internal consistency reliability. According to results, emotional manipulation was in positive, although low, correlation with tactics of manipulation. In other words, a higher tendency to emotional manipulation at the same time means a tendency to use tactics of manipulation. Emotional intelligence wasn't correlated with emotional manipulation, nor with tactics of manipulation
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Empirical findings systematically confirm the positive pet effect on health and psychophysical well-being of pet owners. At the same time, the structure and subjective quality of the owner's social ...milieu could be important for the development of an emotional bond with a pet. Also, it seems that the quality of interpersonal relations determines the way in which the relationship with a pet is reflected on the owner's well-being. The aim of this research was to investigate the strength and direction of the relation between emotional relatedness to a pet and life satisfaction in pet owners, while controling for effects of variables indicating the owner's social milieu, and also to analyze their possible moderating effects. There were 219 dog owners who completed a paper-pencil questionnaire form. The following data was collected: general sociodemographic information and short estimation of social support, the experience of loneliness, life satisfaction and emotional relatedness to a pet. Emotional relatedness to a pet is a positive predictor of life satisfaction in dog owners, even when effects of the quality of social milieu are controled. Social loneliness is a moderator of the relation between emotional closeness to a pet dog and life satisfaction. Data on interpersonal relations quality are necessary in the research of pet ownership implications.
Cilj je ovoga preglednog rada ukazati na moguće rizike prijevremenoga poroda za daljnji razvoj djece te prikazati rezultate recentnih istraživanja psihofizičkoga zdravlja roditelja prijevremeno ...rođene djece. Istraživanja pokazuju da posljedice koje prijevremeno rođenje ima za djecu mogu biti ozbiljne, pri čemu rizik od neurorazvojnih poremećaja raste s nižom gestacijskom dobi djeteta i nižom porodnom težinom. Rizici prijevremenoga rođenja djeteta za roditelje mogu se očitovati neposredno i/ili dugoročno, od akutne stresne reakcije do poslijetraumatskoga stresnog sindroma, poteškoća u razvoju privrženosti, perzistirajuće intenzivne brige i straha za dijete, što je dodatno naglašeno prelaskom djeteta iz bolničkoga okruženja na kućnu njegu. Inicijalna emocionalna i informativna podrška medicinskoga osoblja, prakticiranje tzv. klokanske njege, dostupnost stručnjaka za mentalno zdravlje te neformalni izvori podrške izuzetno su važni čimbenici prilagodbe roditelja. Pregled suvremenih istraživanja upućuje na potrebu za daljnjim ispitivanjima čimbenika koji se dovode u vezu s (ne)uspješnom psihofizičkom prilagodbom roditelja na prijevremeno rođenje djeteta i skrb o nedonoščetu. Budući da je adekvatno suočavanje roditelja važan preduvjet razvojnih ishoda kod neurorizične djece, bitno je osigurati programe podrške roditeljima da bi se osnažila njihova znanja i kompetencije.
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