Our preliminary studies indicate the significant value of assessing skeletal maturity in adolescents, which characterizes the development of the skeleton in an individual and can be used as a ...biomarker of regenerative potential in children and adolescents, which significantly affects the choice of treatment tactics for diseases of the hip and knee joints. In particular, we have established the dependence of reparative regeneration processes in children and adolescents on skeletal maturity in such diseases of the hip and knee joints as slipped capital of femoral epiphysis (SCFE), Perthes’ disease, femoro-acetabular conflict syndrome, spastic hip dislocation in patients with cerebral palsy, Blount’s disease. The intensity of regeneration processes in the prepubertal development allows the use of less invasive methods of surgical interventions. The purpose is to develop a methodology for determining skeletal maturity as a biomarker for establishing indications for regenerative interventional technologies in adolescent patients with hip and knee joint diseases. Materials and methods. The group for the development of the examination methodology consisted of 157 patients (86 boys and 71 girls) with hip joint pathology (hip dysplasia, Perthes disease, juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femoral head, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, and without diagnosed hip joint pathology) and 129 patients (58 boys and 71 girls) with knee joint diseases (Blount disease, axial deformities of the lower extremities, meniscal damage and patients who were examined for complaints of pain in the knee joint area) aged 10 to 18 years. The group of a differentiated approach to the use of regenerative interventional technologies consisted of 46 adolescent patients with diseases of the hip and knee joints (SCFE, Perthes’ disease, Blount’s disease, the pathology of menisci). Results. A methodology for the use of skeletal maturity as a biomarker for establishing indications for regenerative interventional technologies in adolescent patients with diseases of the hip and knee joints has been developed, which includes the following steps: establishing the period of sexual development of the patient based on the determination of skeletal maturity based on radiographs of the hip and knee joints, establishing additional risk factors (heredity, individual characteristics of the connective tissue, the presence of chronic systemic diseases) and the severity of the disease (according to the results of questionnaires). According to the results of the analysis of the application of the methodology of distinguishing skeletal maturity as a biomarker of indications for regenerative interventional technologies in adolescent patients with diseases of the hip and knee joints, it was established that in prepuberty only 3 out of 16 examined patients (which amounted to 19%) have indications for regenerative interventional technologies, during the induction of puberty, 4 out of 9 examined patients (that is, almost 50%) had the indicated indications. Our preliminary studies indicate the significant value of assessing skeletal maturity in adolescents, as it characterizes the development of the skeleton in an individual and can serve as a biomarker for regenerative potential in children and adolescents. This assessment significantly influences the choice of treatment tactics for diseases of the hip and knee joints. Specifically, we have established a correlation between reparative regeneration processes and skeletal maturity in conditions such as slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), Perthes' disease, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, spastic hip dislocation in patients with cerebral palsy, and Blount's disease. The intensity of regeneration processes during prepubertal development allows for the use of less invasive methods of surgical interventions. The purpose of the study was to develop a methodology for determining skeletal maturity as a biomarker for establishing indications for regenerative interventional technologies in adolescent patients with hip and knee joint diseases. Materials and methods. The study group for the development of the examination methodology included 157 patients (86 boys and 71 girls) with hip joint pathology (hip dysplasia, Perthes' disease, juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femoral head, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, and individuals without diagnosed hip joint pathology), as well as 129 patients (58 boys and 71 girls) with knee joint diseases (Blount's disease, axial deformities of the lower extremities, meniscal damage, and patients who were examined due to complaints of knee joint pain), aged between 10 to 18 years. The group for a differentiated approach to the use of regenerative interventional technologies consisted of 46 adolescent patients with diseases of the hip and knee joints (SCFE, Perthes' disease, Blount's disease, and pathology of menisci). Results. A methodology for the use of skeletal maturity as a biomarker for establishing indications for regenerative interventional technologies in adolescent patients with diseases of the hip and knee joints has been developed, which includes the following steps: establishing the period of sexual development of the patient based on the determination of skeletal maturity based on radiographs of the hip and knee joints, establishing additional risk factors (heredity, individual characteristics of the connective tissue, the presence of chronic systemic diseases) and the severity of the disease (according to the results of questionnaires). According to the results of the analysis of the application of the methodology of distinguishing skeletal maturity as a biomarker of indications for regenerative interventional technologies in adolescent patients with diseases of the hip and knee joints, it was established that in prepuberty only 3 out of 16 examined patients (which amounted to 19%) have indications for regenerative interventional technologies, during the induction of puberty, 4 out of 9 examined patients (that is, almost 50%) had the indicated indications. Conclusions. In the prepubertal period, we recommend the use of regenerative technologies in combination with one of the risk factors or in cases with a severe or moderate course of the disease. During the induction of puberty, regenerative technologies are recommended in the presence of one of the risk factors or in cases with a severe or moderate course of the disease. In the pubertal period, due to the reduction of the individual's regenerative potential, we recommend the use of regenerative technologies for all patients.
Mortality rates from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased in the last decade. In this pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial, we determined the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular ...and non-cardiovascular causes of death.
DAPA-CKD was an international, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a median of 2.4 years of follow-up. Eligible participants were adult patients with CKD, defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200-5000 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-75 mL/min/1.73 m2. All-cause mortality was a key secondary endpoint. Cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death was adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee. The DAPA-CKD trial randomized participants to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 2152) or placebo (n = 2152). The mean age was 62 years, 33% were women, the mean eGFR was 43.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, and the median UACR was 949 mg/g. During follow-up, 247 (5.7%) patients died, of whom 91 (36.8%) died due to cardiovascular causes, 102 (41.3%) due to non-cardiovascular causes, and in 54 (21.9%) patients, the cause of death was undetermined. The relative risk reduction for all-cause mortality with dapagliflozin (31%, hazard ratio HR 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 0.53, 0.88; P = 0.003) was consistent across pre-specified subgroups. The effect on all-cause mortality was driven largely by a 46% relative risk reduction of non-cardiovascular death (HR 95% CI 0.54 0.36, 0.82). Deaths due to infections and malignancies were the most frequently occurring causes of non-cardiovascular deaths and were reduced with dapagliflozin vs. placebo.
In patients with CKD, dapagliflozin prolonged survival irrespective of baseline patient characteristics. The benefits were driven largely by reductions in non-cardiovascular death.
This pre-specified analysis of DAPA-CKD assessed the impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition on abrupt declines in kidney function in high-risk patients based on having chronic kidney ...disease (CKD) and substantial albuminuria. DAPA-CKD was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that had a median follow-up of 2.4 years. Adults with CKD (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200–5000 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate 25–75 mL/min/1.73m2) were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg/day matched to placebo (2152 individuals each). An abrupt decline in kidney function was defined as a pre-specified endpoint of doubling of serum creatinine between two subsequent study visits. We also assessed a post-hoc analysis of investigator-reported acute kidney injury–related serious adverse events. Doubling of serum creatinine between two subsequent visits (median time-interval 100 days) occurred in 63 (2.9%) and 91 (4.2%) participants in the dapagliflozin and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio 0.68 95% confidence interval 0.49, 0.94). Accounting for the competing risk of mortality did not alter our findings. There was no heterogeneity in the effect of dapagliflozin on abrupt declines in kidney function based on baseline subgroups. Acute kidney injury–related serious adverse events were not significantly different and occurred in 52 (2.5%) and 69 (3.2%) participants in the dapagliflozin and placebo groups, respectively (0.77 0.54, 1.10). Thus, in patients with CKD and substantial albuminuria, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of abrupt declines in kidney function.
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The article considers the role of advertising as one of the most efficient means of promoting goods to the market; the main types of Internet advertising are studied, their features are determined. ...The purpose of the article is to develop practical recommendations for trading enterprises to increase both the number of customers and the commercial income through the formation of a communications policy that is focused on «immediate» profit and involves a combination of traditional and new communication approaches or technologies. In the article, in view of the dynamics for 2017-2019, the proportion of Internet advertising by its types in Ukraine is examined and the largest concentrations of the companies’ investments into in-stream video (advertising that is broadcast in videos) along with banner advertising are identified. The essence of banner advertising is considered, the advantage of which is the maximum coverage of the customer audience, promptness, efficiency, quick memorization of brand, saving the budget, etc. The article investigates the requirements for an advertisement. The formation of communications policy is recommended according to the following technology: determining the goals of measures to promote products; formation of the content of advertisements; use of various, periodically modified means of communication and taking into account the geographical dispersion of customers, their age affiliation; use of non-digital communication channels and Digital communication channels; implementation of free advertising events and budgeting of current advertising events together with capital investments in website or online store; administration of advertising campaigns using application platforms, Google Adwords software, Google Search Console, Google Analytics, Look-alike, etc.; registration in numerous social networks and joining social communities; use of crowd marketing; updating the communicative component through guest posts, email newsletters, creating a video channel on YouTube, offers of goods in discount services. When managing the budget of an online store, it is proposed to use service dropshipping.
The existence of the elusive biaxial phase has been the subject of much discussion since it was predicted by Freiser in 1970. More recently, there have been numerous attempts to find a thermotropic ...liquid crystal that exhibits a biaxial phase and with this, conflicting reports about whether such a phase has been positively identified in bent-core liquid crystals. One reason for the discrepancy is that there is currently no way to rule out surface effects or anchoring transitions, both of which may give a false positive identification of a uniaxial-biaxial nematic transition. We have developed a technique that uses a magnetic field to align the uniaxial director, thus widening its application to any bent-core nematic material.
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The article considers the role of profit, which is a key direction of activity of any commercial organization. The purpose of the article is to generalize practical recommendations for improving the ...profitability of enterprise (through optimization and/or minimization of material, labor costs associated with the manufacturing of products, sales and management costs; improving the quality of products; the chosen cost control system; marketing policy, pricing policy, etc.). The tactical reserves of increasing the profits of enterprise (including: increase in production and sales of products; reduction of production costs; structural changes in the range and nomenclature of manufactured and sold works, services and products) controlled by managers of the highest and middle levels of a particular enterprise, and strategic reserves for increasing the profit of enterprise (access to new markets of goods; increasing profits for the sale of a unit of production; increasing the increase in the profits of a particular enterprise; increasing the quality of products) are examined. Traditional methods of improving the quality of enterprise products are generalized (improvement of production technology; use of high-quality raw materials and the materials in the course of manufacturing products; advanced training of production workers). The most common directions of increasing the profitability of enterprise, which are traditionally involved at enterprises and allow to increase the economic profitability of sales, are considered. It is indicated that the choice of directions should be preceded by comparing them with each other, assessing the probability of profit growth and risk level. The content of application and possible variations in the use of directions (methods, reserves) of increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises are considered. The authors research the directions (methods, reserves), capable of having the most significant impact on the formation of the company’s profits, thereby ensuring its economic securit
The Essence and Current Trends of Marketing Kubetska, O. M.; Ostapenko, T. M.; Fisunenko, N. О.
Bìznes ìnform (Multilingual ed.),
05/2021, Volume:
5, Issue:
520
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The article is aimed at studying the essence of marketing and generalizing the latest trends in its development. The article considers the essence of the category of «marketing». The authors’ own ...interpretation of the category of «marketing» is provided, which means the instrument of activity and competitiveness of economic entities, the existence and use of which is determined by the constant study of the needs, tastes and requirements of consumers in any market in order to fully satisfy them and, as a result, make a profit. The trends in marketing development are outlined taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis and uncertainty generated by it in all sectors of the economy. The main trends in marketing are: emergence of the novel along with expansion of the boundaries and areas of use of the extant type of marketing; expanding the possibilities of the Internet for the purpose of marketing research, communication, sale of ware; departure from standardization and the need for greater adaptation of the marketing complex to narrow market segments, which is caused by increasing competition; establishing partnerships and transitioning to relationship marketing; strengthening the role of strategic planning; priority on providing excellent customer service; use of digital technologies. In conditions of uncertainty, the use of modern technologies that rely on data on the purchase process should be of paramount importance among marketing tools. Personalization of the commercial offer, as well as mobile technologies for prompt contact with the client are suggested. Recommendations are made to strengthen the brand image in the minds of consumers and use of digital marketing, which will obviously dominate in 2021.
Internet Communications Policy Kubetska, O. M.; Ostapenko, T. M.; Paleshko, Y. S.
Bìznes ìnform (Multilingual ed.),
04/2021, Volume:
4, Issue:
519
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The article considers the role of the Internet as one of the channels for promoting products. The article is aimed at developing practical recommendations as to the organization of communication ...policy on the Internet through the creation of an online store, sales via marketplaces, also with the use of cashback. Modern trends of e-business are generalized, characterizations of online trading, its advantages for buyers and sellers are provided. It is proposed to organize interaction with customers in two sectors: marketplace and online store. The main features of the marketplace and the online store (from the point of view of sellers / suppliers) are systematized: the main goal, participants, interaction with buyers, the need to create a website, functionality, creating a profile, control, product range, price regulation, advertising costs, working conditions, earnings, the ability to develop systems of repeated sales, the number of sellers. The main disadvantages in operating a marketplace and an online store (either from the point of view of sellers or from the point of view of buyers) are considered. The article generalizes the procedure for organizing a communicative policy on the Internet (through the store’s website), which envisages: creating an online store, interacting with customers through the online store sales. The procedure for organizing a communicative policy on the Internet (through the marketplace) is described, including: entering the marketplace, selling products to buyers, paying a commission for the products sold and paying a standard monthly fee for using the platform. It is recommended to form a communication policy using the cashback service and the following technology: registration in the cashback service, carrying out the purchase of products through the cashback service catalog (by links), transferring data about the purchase of an online store or marketplace, payment of cashback service commission, payment of cashback to the buyer. The main shortcomings of cashback (from the point of view of sellers and from the point of view of cashback services) are considered, which include the taxation of cashback in the amount of 19.5% for individuals and VAT, provided that both participants of the bonus program are legal entities. The main disadvantages of cashback from the position of buyers are considered.
laboratory, pilot and production tests were carried out aimed at the use of powder clinoptilolite jointly with aluminum sulfate to improve the quality of purification of the Dnieper river water. The ...article showed the advantages of a combined use of these reagents: higher degree of purification, lower consumption of regents, and smaller volume of deposits. The research has begun to obtain composite coagulant by treating with hot sulfuric acid of clinoptilolite and aluminum hydroxide. First research has been conducted of water coagulation under laboratory conditions using composite coagulant and its efficiency was demonstrated.
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