An explicit combined shock-capturing finite-difference scheme is constructed that localizes shock fronts with high accuracy and simultaneously preserves the high order of convergence in all domains ...where the computed weak solutions are smooth. In this scheme, Rusanov’s explicit nonmonotone scheme of the third order is used as a basis one, while the internal scheme is based on the second-order monotone CABARET. The advantages of the new scheme as compared with the WENO scheme of the fifth order in space and third order in time are demonstrated in test computations.
The conventional view of the fortunes of European newcomers who cropped land in mid‐nineteenth‐century Victoria is confined to a description of their difficulties. This article critically assesses ...the scope for profit‐making in the local farming sector in the late 1830s to early 1870s. The microeconomic environment in which early colonial farmers operated is reconstructed in this article with the use of modern Michael Porter's five forces of competition model. The article shows the high profit potential of crop farming – even when on a small scale – throughout the period, with the exception of the last few years when intensified competition among farmers affected their profits.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The accuracy of the central difference Nessyahu-Tadmor (NT) scheme is studied when calculating shock waves propagating at a variable velocity. It is shown that this scheme (in the construction of ...which the second-order MUSCL reconstruction of flows is used) has approximately the first order of both local convergence in the regions of influence of shock waves and integral convergence in intervals, one of the boundaries of which is in the region of influence of the shock wave. As a result, in these areas, the local accuracy of the NT scheme is significantly reduced. Test calculations are presented that demonstrate these properties of the NT scheme.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The article discusses the role of current assets in ensuring the normal (efficient) operation of enterprise. The objectives of the article are: studying the theoretical foundations of the assessment ...of current assets and searching for relevant ways to improve the efficiency of the use of current assets as factors influencing the state of the enterprise, as well as the creation for managers of numerous economic entities of an information platform for making managerial decisions on the formation and use of current assets of enterprises during the wartime. The article generalizes the likely variants for the formation of the initial value of current assets (stocks) upon receipt. Methods for assessing current assets upon disposal are considered. Indicators for assessing the efficiency of the use of current assets are systematized, including: the ratio of current assets turnover; coefficient of consolidation of current assets; the duration of one turnover of current assets; return on current assets. In special conditions (conditions of wartime), business entities are recommended to use ways to increase the efficiency of the use of current assets in the following stages: formation of current assets and their use (according to the stages of the cycle). At the stage of procurement of current assets – by improving the organization of the supply of assets; at the stage of production of current assets – applying the reuse of production waste, improving product quality, reducing the duration of the technological (production) process, reducing the cost of fuels and lubricants (FLM) and other stocks; at the stage of product sales – the introduction of sanctions or deprivation of privileges for rejection / violation of agreements / contractual conditions for the supply and payment of inventory (inventories), the formation of sources of financing of current assets (own and attracted), a rational choice of payment terms for current assets. The main instrument for managing the efficiency of current assets of modern business entities is proposed to be considered marketplaces that solve the problem of accelerating the asset turnover. The article considers the types of marketplaces, the main parameters of marketplaces: the structure of marketplaces and their functionality.
Пропонується модель, що може бути застосована партіями — учасницями реальної передвиборної кампанії — для визначення розподілу капіталу між районами з метою отримання максимального виграшу. ...Визначаються умови, за яких запропоновану модель можна віднести до випуклої гри. Висновки, зроблені в результаті дослідження, мали підтвердження під час виборів до парламенту 2002 р.
The accuracy with which the shock-capturing finite-difference schemes calculate the flows with interaction of shock waves is studied. It is shown that, in the domains between the shock waves after ...their incidence, the calculation accuracy of invariants of the combined schemes is several orders of magnitude higher than the accuracy of the WENO-scheme, which is fifth-order in space and third-order in time.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
To clarify the role of thermoradiotherapy for FIGO Stage IIIB cervical carcinomas, both the clinical response and survival of patients treated with radio- or thermoradiotherapy were investigated. ...Forty patients with Stage IIIB uterine cervix carcinoma were treated with external beam irradiation to the pelvis, combined with iridium 192 high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy. All patients were divided randomly into the following two groups: the radiotherapy (RT) group of 20 patients, who underwent radiotherapy alone; and the thermoradiotherapy (TRT) group of 20 patients, who underwent three sessions of hyperthermia in addition to radiotherapy. The primary endpoint of this study was local complete response and survival. A complete response was achieved in 50% (10 of 20) in the RT group versus 80% (16 of 20) in the TRT group (p = 0.048). The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival of the patients who were treated with TRT (58.2 and 63.6%) were better than those of the patients treated with RT (48.1 and 45%), but these differences were not significant. The 3-year local relapse-free survival of the patients who were treated with TRT (79.7%) was significantly better than that of the patients treated with RT (48.5%) (p = 0.048). TRT, as delivered in this trial, was well tolerated and did not significantly add to either the relevant clinical acute or long-term toxicity over radiation alone. TRT resulted in a better treatment response and 3-year local relapse-free survival rate than RT for patients with FIGO Stage IIIB cervical carcinoma.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The paper considers the evolution of the money supply concept in economics through the lens of contemporary discussion on the degree of its endogeneity. It is stated that the model of exogenous money ...supply formation, widespread in the literature and actively criticized in recent decades, is an artifact of macroeconomic thought. Its dominance lasted a very short time period, and various forms of endogeneity were attributed to money supply much more often in the course of monetary theory development. Authors cover the debates between the currency and banking school in the XIX century, the birth of the theory of money multiplier, Keynes’ position, the monetarist view of money supply and its criticism by Post- Keynesians. Particular attention is paid to the turn in views within the mainstream, from the Real Business Cycles doctrine to state-of-the-art models of the New Synthesis. It is emphasized that the complete exogeneity of money supply is a distinctive feature only of the monetarist approach, which has relied on the specifi c assumption of the stability of money demand function. The paper shows that, despite the visible convergence between the New Keynesian and Post- Keynesian positions, based on the modeling of interest rate targeting rather than money supply targeting by the central bank, fundamental differences still remain between two camps regarding the endogeneity mechanism.
