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•This work provides an up-to date review on methods for isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC).•Interest for MCC is exponentially increasing.•New sources, ...new isolation processes, new treatments induce new types of MCC materials for industrialization.•Opportunities of MCC-based composite polymers for the future are presented and discussed.
Considering its widespread usage in various fields, such as food, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic and polymer composites industries, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is becoming impellent due to increasing demand of alternatives to non-renewable and scarce fossil materials. Although it still suffers from some drawbacks, MCC has recently gained more interest owing to its renewability, non-toxicity, economic value, biodegradability, high mechanical properties, high surface area and biocompatibility. New sources, new isolation processes, and new treatments are currently under development to satisfy the increasing demand of producing new types of MCC-based materials on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of MCC from different sources using various procedures, its characterization, and its application in bio-composites. Challenges and future opportunities of MCC-based composites are discussed as well as obstacles remaining for their extensive uses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this article, we develop a mathematical model considering susceptible, exposed, infected, asymptotic, quarantine/isolation and recovered classes as in case of COVID-19 disease. The facility of ...quarantine/isolation have been provided to both exposed and infected classes. Asymptotic individuals either recovered without undergo treatment or moved to infected class after some duration. We have formulated the reproduction number for the proposed model. Elasticity and sensitivity analysis indicates that model is more sensitive towards the transmission rate from exposed to infected classes rather than transmission rate from susceptible to exposed class. Analysis of global stability for the proposed model is studied through Lyapunov’s function.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study is aimed to fabricate and characterize the seaweed- biodegradable films incorporated with varying concentrations of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) which was extracted from two bamboo ...sources:
Schizostachyum brachycladum
(BLMCC) and
Gigantochloa scortechinii
(BSMCC). Pure biodegradable seaweed film was directly fabricated from red seaweed (
Kappaphycus alvarezii
). In this demonstrated work, commercial MCC (CMCC), BLMCC and BSMCC were used to reinforce the pure seaweed bio-degradable film at different loading concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15%) based on the dried-weight of seaweed, for packaging applications. There was substantial improvement in the tensile strength and contact angle values while reduction in the water vapor permeability and elongation at break values with the incorporation of the CMCC, BLMCC and BSMCC into the seaweed pure film matrix, which is highly desirable for the packaging material in the current scenario. The morphology of the fabricated films confirmed that there was good dispersion of the 7% of CMCC, 5% of BLMCC and 3% of BSMCC in the pure seaweed films, which resulted in the enhanced mechanical properties. So far, this is the first report on the microcrystalline cellulose based seaweed films with excellent mechanical properties, which makes them suitable for packaging application. The demonstrated work proved that both BSMCC and BLMCC based seaweed composite films have the huge potential to be used as biodegradable packaging material for wide range of applications.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Microcrystalline cellulose was isolated from pre-hydrolysed oil palm fronds waste.•Cellulose I and cellulose II polymorphs were obtained from the pre-hydrolysed oil palm fronds.•An increase of the ...CrI value was observed with a rise in the AHP concentrations.•There was an improvement in the thermal stability of the OPF-MCC in comparison with the raw OPF.•OPF-MCC shows good potential as green filler or reinforcement in composites
In the present study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from oil palm fronds (OPF) using chemo-mechanical process. Wherein, alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) was utilized to extract OPF fibre at different AHP concentrations. The OPF pulp fibre was then bleached with acidified sodium chlorite solution followed by the acid hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid. Several analytical methods were conducted to determine the influence of AHP concentration on thermal properties, morphological properties, microscopic and crystalline behaviour of isolated MCC. Results showed that the MCC extracted from OPF fibres had fibre diameters of 7.55–9.11nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the obtained microcrystalline fibre had both celluloses I and cellulose II polymorphs structure, depending on the AHP concentrations. The Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) analyses showed that the AHP pre-hydrolysis was successfully removed hemicelluloses and lignin from the OPF fibre. The crystallinity of the MCC was increased with the AHP concentrations. The degradation temperature of MCC was about 300°C. The finding of the present study showed that pre-treatment process potentially influenced the quality of the isolation of MCC from oil palm fronds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Dynamic deformation behavior of monolithic metallic materials at high strain rates has been extensively studied and reported in the literature. Strain localization along shear bands at the final ...stage of deformation as a result of intensive localized adiabatic heating is a commonly occurring phenomenon that can cause fragmentation in a catastrophic manner. In this study, the effects of particulate reinforcement on the phenomenon of adiabatic heating leading to strain localization in Aluminum 6061-T6 alloy under high velocity impact is investigated. Results of our investigations show that reinforcing the aluminum alloy with alumina particles increases its strength and stiffness. However, the susceptibility of the aluminum alloy to strain localization and adiabatic shear failure increases with particulate reinforcement. In addition, the particulate reinforcement leads to systematic cracking of the surface of the impacted test specimens. Although the geometry of the surface cracks is similar in all cases, the number of such cracks depends on volume fraction of the particulate reinforcement as well as on impact momentum.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A 63-day experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nanoselenium formulated diets on growth performance, nutrient utilization and haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus. Fish were ...acclimatized for 14 days, 10 fish each were randomly introduced into different troughs. Feed supplemented with nanoselenium at 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and the control without nanoselenium were fed to group of fish each in triplicate. The feed intake, weight gain, food conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (SR) were determined, also the haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus fed were analyzed. There were significant increase (p<0.05) in the weight gain of fish fed 2 mg/kg of nanoselenium as compared with those fed 4 mg/kg of nanoselenium and the control. Similarly, PER and SR were significantly higher (p<0.05) in 2 mg/kg when compared with other formulated diets. The FCR of fish fed 2 mg/kg was significantly lower compared with 4 mg/kg nanoselenium formulated diets. WBC, RBC, haemoglobin, and haematocrit significantly increased in fish fed 2 mg/kg of nanoselenium as compared with those fed 4 mg/kg nanoselenium and the control group while there was variation in the values of other haematological parameters such as platelets, MCV, MCH and MPV. The research indicated that dietary inclusion of nanoselenium at 2 mg/kg may enhance better growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus.
Numerical solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations, such as the generalized and extended Burgers-Huxley equations which combine effects of advection, diffusion, dispersion and nonlinear ...transfer are considered in this paper. Such system can be divided into linear and nonlinear parts, which allow the use of two numerical approaches. Barycentric Jacobi spectral (BJS) method is employed for the spatial discretization, the resulting nonlinear system of ordinary differential equation is advanced with a fourth-order exponential time differencing predictor corrector. Comparative numerical results for the values of options are presented. The proposed method is very elegant from the computational point of view. Numerical computations for a wide variety of problems, show that the present method offers better accuracy and efficiency in comparison with other previous methods. Moreover the method can be applied to a wide class of nonlinear partial differential equations.
Consequent to the recent global interest in biodegradable packaging in food and allied industries, this study investigated effect of blend ratio of the hybrid polysaccharide of corn starch and red ...seaweed on the properties of the developed film. The properties investigated include physical properties (thickness and water vapour permeability), mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation and modulus) and optical properties while the complementary properties such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyse possible chemical interactions within the films. Films manufactured with 100% corn starch (CS) exhibited the lowest quality while the films developed from seaweed (SE) blend exhibited higher quality. Based on complementary analysis result, there was an excellent blend of the filler and the polysaccharide matrix. The overall film properties improved with the increase of the blend ratio. The results of the Young's modulus (YM) complemented the results obtained for the tensile strength (TS) and the percentage elongation (E). The solubility value of the composite films justifies them as good candidate for the food packaging applications.
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DOBA, FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper considers an effective numerical collocation method for numerical solution of the KdV–Kawahara equation. This numerical method relies on a finite element formulation and spline ...interpolation with a trigonometric quintic B-spline basis. First, the KdV–Kawahara equation is reduced to a coupled equation via an auxiliary variable of the form
. The collocation method is then applied to the coupled equation together with the forward difference and the Crank–Nicholson formula. This results in a system of algebraic equations in terms of time variables with the trigonometric quintic B-spline basis. For determination of the error between the numerical and exact solutions, the error norms
and
are calculated. The results are illustrated by two numerical examples with their graphical representation and comparison with other methods.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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