This report aims at showing essentiality and variety of interactions for Mongolian pastoralists with other people, based on case studies of Ongon Sum (North Mongolia) and some banners in Shiliingol ...Aimag (South Mongolia). In North Mongolia, “other people” means “sedentary” Mongolian people while pastoralists are mobile. On the contrary, in South Mongolia, in many cases it means Han people who are even different ftom “Mongolian” pastoralists ethnically. This fact can affect their self-image more or less. There is a common feature that in any case pastoralists must exchange their livestock or products of it with something for their “Mongolian” everyday lifetea, flour, and industrial products for instance. At least, confined to areas remote from cities, market-orientedness of Mongolian pastoralits have negative correlation with dairy production or milking as they have less commercial value than livestock itself or cashmere. Of course, diet without dairy products is not desirable for culturally, but in fact consumption of vegetables or pickles rises as they can be got through exchange. As to animal-herding strategy, there is a sharp contrast between North and South Mongolia. In the former, the direction of animal consignment is accumulation to richer, more skillful herder and employment is rare as formation of hot-ail is common. In the latter, the direction is dispersion to poorer sometimes Han people, and employment is common as the assignment of land is per household. Such differences reflect relationship between pastoralists and other pecple of each case.
Human macrophage dectin-1, a type II transmembrane β-glucan receptor, was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag and glutathione S-transferase in an Escherichia coli ...cell-free translation system, and assayed for binding specificity. Recombinant dectin-1 specifically bound to some β-glucans, but not to other carbohydrates. The β-glucan binding of recombinant dectin-1 was inhibited by laminarin, a soluble β-glucan, and by laminarioligosaccharides, but not by other carbohydrates. These results suggest that recombinant human dectin-1 can be used as a useful probe in identifying ligands in humans and tonic foods due to its strict binding specificity.
New finite element analysis algorithm based on the constitutive relationship database is studied. Since this method does not require the calculation of constitutive equation at each time step, there ...is huge advantage for the numerical analysis of the material whose constitutive equation is complicated. In this study, the process of database construction and the feasibility of proposed algorhythm are discussed.
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