This study examines the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression in people over 60 years of age at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak.
The study used an exploratory-descriptive cross-sectional ...methodology. The resulting responses were analyzed using SPSS v.25 PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N = 290) were aged 60 years and above.
The study was carried out in the Basque Country (North of Spain).
Stress, anxiety, and depression were measured using the Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) RESULTS: Most of the participants did not report levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Among participants age 66 and above and those with chronic illness, a proportion reported experiencing one, two or all three of these symptoms.
Schools in Spain were closed in March 2020 to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In September 2020 most schools and universities in Spain reopened and teachers felt great uncertainty due to this ...unprecedented situation. Teachers have accumulated psychological symptoms since the beginning of the pandemic. During the lockdown they had to introduce online teaching and in view of the reopening of schools they have shown great concern for the new unprecedented teaching situation. The present study aims to measure the symptomatology shown by teaching staff in the Basque Autonomous Community at the time when schools were reopened. To do this, we recruited a sample of 1,633 teachers who were given an online questionnaire which, in addition to collecting socio-demographic data, measured stress, anxiety and depression using the DASS-21scale. The results revealed that a high percentage of teachers showed anxiety, depression and stress symptoms. Furthermore, variables such as gender, age, job stability, the level of education at which they teach and parental status also influence this symptomatology. We argue for the need to safeguard the mental health of teachers in order to improve both the quality of teaching and the mental health of students.
Spain has been in a state of emergency since 14th March due to the COVID-19 crisis. This state of emergency means that the population must comply with strict rules such as lockdown (confinement to ...their homes except for essential trips) and social distancing. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological state of the general population in a sample recruited in Northern Spain. Sociodemographic and psychological data were gathered, assessing variables such as stress, anxiety, and depression. A questionnaire was administered at the beginning of the lockdown and three weeks later. The sample was recruited using an online questionnaire by means of a non-probabilistic snowball sampling methodology. A total of 1,933 people participated in this study. The results reveal that more than a quarter of the participants have reported symptoms of depression (27.5%), anxiety (26.9%) and stress (26.5%) and as the time spent in lockdown has progressed, psychological symptoms have risen. In relation to gender, data indicate that men have higher levels of depression than women, and similar levels of anxiety and stress. Greater symptomatology has also been found among the younger population and in people with chronic diseases. We discuss the need to continue carrying out these types of studies to prevent and treat psychological problems that could emerge amidst this pandemic.
The general objective of this research was to explore how children understand and represent COVID-19 health crisis in their everyday thinking.
This research is based on a qualitative interpretive ...research methodology that uses 6-12 years children's drawings from San Sebastian (Basque Country, northern of Spain) to collect data. This technique allows children to visualize how they face this situation through a tool that promotes expression of their feelings and representations.
A total of 345 drawings were collected, and 949 elements related to the different coded categories were coded. The themes that have arisen were related to symbols of the pandemic (n = 307, 32.34%), emotions (n = 290, 30.55%), actions carried out (n = 258, 27.18%) and socialization (n = 94, 9.90%). No differences by age-range were found.
Children have a realistic representation of the COVID-19 virus and its consequences, which closely resembles the representation shown by the media and society. The children show a good understanding of the new measures and social rules associated with the pandemic. They are also very aware of the need to support their emotions by different spheres (family, educational and social context). Alternative play activities and art-based education must be promoted, avoiding the abuse of screens to reinforce their well-being.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Following the declaration of the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020, a state of alarm was decreed in Spain. In this situation, healthcare workers experienced high levels of stress, ...anxiety and depression due to the heavy workload and working conditions. Although Spain experienced a progressive decline in the number of COVID-19 cases until the last week of May (when a flattening of the case curve was achieved) and the work overload among health workers was substantially reduced, several studies have shown that this work overload is associated with the later emergence of psychological symptoms induced by stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and compassionate fatigue in health professionals. The sample consisted of 973 health professionals 16.5% men, 82.9% women, and one non-binary person. The data were collected through an online questionnaire sent to the participants by e-mail. DASS-21 was used to measure anxiety, stress and depression, PCL-C to measure post-traumatic stress and ProQOL -vIV to measure compassion fatigue. In addition, other descriptive variables that could be related to these levels of psychological symptomatology were evaluated. The results reveal that after the work overload experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers report psychological symptoms, post-traumatic stress and compassion fatigue. It is therefore recommended that these professionals be provided with psychological help in order to reduce the emotional impact of COVID-19, and consequently improve their mental health.
Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers have been accumulating adverse psychological symptoms due to the closure of educational centers and the need to adapt to different ...teaching modalities. Methods: Medline and PubMed were searched for studies on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and burn-out in teachers, published from 1 December 2019 to 15 June 2021. Results: In total, eight studies were included in this study. The results show that teachers report levels of anxiety (17%), depression (19%), and stress (30%). In Asia, there has been more anxiety compared to other continents. Overall, anxiety has been higher among teachers in schools compared to universities. However, stress levels have been higher among teachers in universities compared to schools. Statistically, there were no significant differences regarding gender and age in any of the symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest that teachers at different educational levels are experiencing adverse psychological symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that anxiety levels vary between different countries. However, more international studies are needed to fully understand the impact of the pandemic on teachers’ mental health.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Faced with the situation of COVID-19, teachers are dealing with new measures, insecurity and a lack of clear guidelines. The aim of this study is to analyse the levels of stress, anxiety and ...depression of teachers in the north of Spain.
This study was conducted with 1633 teachers from the Department of Education of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) and Navarre, all of whom are professionals working in various educational centres, from nursery education to university studies, with an average age of 42 years (
= 42.02; s.d. = 10.40). The Spanish version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used.
The results show that a high percentage of teachers have symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression. Women show significantly more symptoms of stress and anxiety than men, those who have children have more depressive symptoms than those who do not, and people with chronic pathology or those who live with others with chronic pathology have more stress, anxiety and depression.
This study indicates the importance of attending to the mental health of teachers, particularly women, those who have children, and those who have a chronic pathology or a family member with a chronic pathology.
FUNDAMENTOS // Las universidades de las personas mayores son centros de educación superior en los que dichas personas
pueden adquirir nuevos conocimientos, promoviéndose así la participación activa ...de las personas retiradas. La participación en estas
universidades permite el aprendizaje y las personas que acuden consideran que su salud es mejor porque son más activas y tienen
la motivación de aprender, favoreciendo una imagen positiva de sí mismos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar por un
lado si las personas que asistían a este tipo de universidad presentaban una buena calidad de vida. Por otro lado, qué factores de
personalidad podían estar relacionados con una buena calidad de vida en estos estudiantes.
MÉTODOS // La calidad de vida se midió con el cuestionario World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) en 54
estudiantes universitarios mayores de España. Además, también se evaluaron los tipos de personalidad de los estudiantes utilizando
el cuestionario Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) de Eysenck. Finalmente, se estudió la relación entre las diferentes
dimensiones de la personalidad y la calidad de vida. Los análisis estadísticos que se realizaron fueron la media y desviación estándar
por un lado y la prueba T para comparar las medias independientes, además de las correlaciones de Pearson para correlacionar las
dimensiones de la extraversión, el neuroticismo y el psicoticismo.
RESULTADOS // Este estudio demostró que la Universidad de las personas mayores es una experiencia que está ligada a una buena
calidad de vida, siendo las puntuaciones de WHOQOL-BREF superiores a 60. También un alto nivel de neuroticismo y psicoticismo son
factores relacionados con una mala calidad de vida (p<0,05).
CONCLUSIONES // De este estudio se puede concluir que los estudiantes de la Universidad para mayores tienen, por un lado, un
alto nivel de satisfacción con su calidad de vida global, su salud general, su estado de salud física, su estado de salud psicológica, sus
relaciones sociales y su entorno. Por otra parte, tienen un perfil personal específico que obtiene una puntuación relativamente baja
en neuroticismo y dentro de la población media en extraversión y psicoticismo.
BACKGROUND // Universities of the older population are centres of higher education where older people can acquire new knowledge,
focusing on promoting the active participation of retired people. Participation in these universities enables learning and people
who attend consider their health to be better because they are more active and motivated to learn, and have a positive self-image.
This research aimed to explore on the one hand whether people attending this type of university have a good quality of life. On the
other hand, what personality factors could be related to a good quality of life in these older adult students.
METHODS // Quality of life was measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Lif-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire in
54 older university students in Spain. In addition, students’ personality types were also assessed using Eysenck’s Eysenck Personality
Questionnaire-Revised EPQ-R questionnaire. Finally, the relationship between the different dimensions of personality and quality of life
was studied. The statistical analyses performed were, in addition to the mean and standard deviation, the T-test to compare independent
means as well as Pearson’s correlations to correlate the dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.
RESULTS // This study showed that the University of the older population is an experience that is linked to a good quality of life with
WHOQOL-BREF scores above 60. Also a high level of neuroticism and psychoticism are factors related to a poor quality of life (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS // From this study we can conclude that students at the University for Older Adults have, on the one hand, a high
level of satisfaction with their overall quality of life, their general health, their physical health status, their psychological health status,
their social relationships and their environment. On the other hand, they have a specific personal profile that scores relatively low in
neuroticism and within the average population in extraversion and psychoticism.
: The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the mental health of the population in general, and in college students in particular. Dental students have seen their teaching altered and their ...clinical practice reduced. This study was aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting levels of depression among dental students during the COVID-19 and estimating the pooled prevalence of depression.
: Medline via PubMed and other databases were searched for studies on the prevalence of depression in dental undergraduates, published from 1 December 2019 to 1 September 2021. The pooled proportions of depression were calculated with random effects models.
: We identified 13 studies from 9 countries. The pooled prevalence of depression in dental students was 37% (95% CI: 26-49%) with no variation due to gender, response rate or methodological quality. We only found a significantly higher prevalence of depression in studies from Asia compared to Europe and America.
: Our results suggest that dental students are suffering from higher levels of depression compared with the general population or other college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, with differences across regions. Measures to improve mental health and wellbeing of dental students during the pandemic are needed.
The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the world we knew in recent months. In the interest of maintaining social distance, lockdown periods have been established and schools in many countries have closed ...their doors. In this context, the objective of this research was to analyze the well-being of adolescents in Spain after lock-down and during the de-escalation process in a holistic way; taking into account their indicators on physical, emotional, social, and academic levels. The “Well-being of Children in Lockdown” (WCL) scale was used to measure the well-being of adolescents using these same parameters. The results point out that the general well-being of adolescents in the pandemic situation was situated at an intermediate level. Taking into account the different aspects measured within the general well-being, the domains that obtained the lowest scores were the domains of addictions and playful and creative activities. Intermediate scores were also obtained in the physical activity, emotional and academic domains, with the routine and academic domains having the highest scores. Boys and younger adolescents are those who show higher scores in the general well-being. Moreover, correlations appear between academic task stress and emotions, playful and creative activities, addictions, physical activity, routine, academic and overall well-being.
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