Eighteen anthropometric measurements were taken in standing and sitting positions, from 387 subjects between 15 and 17 years old. “Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)” was used to estimate ...anthropometric measurements as an alternative to stepwise regression analysis. Six outputs (shoulder width, hip width, knee height, buttock-popliteal height, popliteal height, and height) were selected for estimation purpose. The results showed that the number of inputs required estimating outputs varied with sex difference. ANFIS perform better than stepwise regression method for both sex groups, as revealed by the standard deviations averaged over the six outputs:
S
ANFIS=0.776,
S
Regression=0.855 for boys and,
S
ANFIS=0.883,
S
Regression=1.027 for girls.
More recently, as industry and marketing reach around the globe, body size has become a matter of practical interest to designers and engineers. In ergonomics anthropometric data are widely used to specify the physical dimension of workspaces, equipment, furniture and clothing. This is especially true for school children, which spend most of their time sitting at their chairs and desks and ought to be able to adopt comfortable body postures.
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13.
The ALICE data-acquisition system Anticic, T.; Carena, F.; Carena, W. ...
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005,
2005, Volume:
1
Conference Proceeding
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions ...at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A large bandwidth and flexible DAQ is required to collect sufficient statistics in the short running time available per year for heavy ion and to accommodate very different requirements originated from the large set of detectors and the different beams used
The on-line data monitoring tool developed for the coming ALICE experiment at LHC, CERN is presented. This monitoring tool which is a part of the ALICE-DAQ software framework, written entirely in C++ ...language, uses standard Linux tools in conjunction with the data display and analysis package ROOT, developed at CERN. It allows checking the consistency and quality of the data and correct functioning of the various sub-detectors either at run time or during off line by playing back the recorded raw data. After discussing the functionality and performance of this package, the experience gained during the test beam periods is also summarized
The role of bacteria in causing apical periodontitis has been widely established, whilst the role of other microorganisms is studied less thoroughly. This systematic review and meta‐analysis reviewed ...the literature for the prevalence and diversity of fungi in root canal infections. An extensive literature search was carried out in the Cochrane databases, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science. Additional studies were identified from six endodontic journals, four main endodontic textbooks and references of relevant papers. Selected clinical studies included sampling of necrotic pulps in permanent teeth and microbial analysis of these samples. Studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta‐analysis was performed using MetaXL. The screening of 1041 titles and s and full‐text reading yielded 54 studies. The overall prevalence of fungi in root canal infections was 7.5% (CI 95%: 3.6–11.8%) in the inverse variance fixed effect heterogeneity model. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species. Significant heterogeneity was observed (P < 0.001, I2 = 85.04%). Subgroup analyses based on geographical location, period of publication, type of infection, state of general health, communication with the oral cavity, type of sample and identification method revealed no factor influencing the prevalence. Better standardized techniques and a comprehensive analysis will reveal a more detailed and accurate representation of the prevalence and nature of fungi in root canal infections.
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Özok AR, Persoon IF, Huse SM, Keijser BJF, Wesselink PR, Crielaard W, Zaura E. Ecology of the microbiome of the infected root canal system: a comparison between apical and coronal root segments. ...International Endodontic Journal, 45, 530–541, 2012.
Aim To evaluate the microbial ecology of the coronal and apical segments of infected root canal systems using a complete sampling technique and next‐generation sequencing.
Methodology The roots of 23 extracted teeth with apical periodontitis were sectioned in half, horizontally, and cryo‐pulverized. Bacterial communities were profiled using tagged 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA hypervariable V5‐V6 region.
Results The sequences were classified into 606 taxa (species or higher taxon), representing 24 bacterial phyla or candidate divisions and one archaeal phylum. Proteobacteria were more abundant in the apical samples (P < 0.05), whilst Actinobacteria were in significantly higher proportions in the coronal samples. The apical samples harboured statistically significantly more taxa than the coronal samples (P = 0.01) and showed a higher microbial diversity. Several taxa belonging to fastidious obligate anaerobes were significantly more abundant in the apical segments of the roots compared with their coronal counterparts.
Conclusions Endodontic infections are more complex than reported previously. The apical part of the root canal system drives the selection of a more diverse and more anaerobic community than the coronal part. The presence of a distinct ecological niche in the apical region explains the difficulty of eradication of the infection and emphasizes the need for new treatment approaches to be developed.
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With the retail electronic commerce being a major global shopping phenomenon, retailers need to develop additional tools to improve their sales. One such tool is a recommender system through which ...the shopping page recommends products to the shoppers using their past Web shopping and product search behaviour. While recommender systems are common, few studies exist regarding their usability and user preferences. In this study, a structured survey concerning what recommender systems should contain and how this content should be presented was administered on 131 college-aged online shoppers. Results indicate participants prefer specific recommender content. Price, image and names of products are identified as essential information, while product promotions, customer ratings and feedback are identified as secondary types of information. Shoppers preferred short and relevant recommender information, with a maximum of three recommendations on one page. Future studies may explore differences in preference of recommender systems based on different product types.
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Despite their popularity, usability studies concerning Tablet PCs are lacking. This study aimed at determining user satisfaction and preference aspects of Tablet PCs in comparison to laptop PCs and ...pen-and-paper environments. Several common computer tasks were examined in an experimental environment on 34 college student participants. User satisfaction and preferences were measured by comprehensive questionnaires. An analysis of variance was used for the empirical comparisons. Participants did not have any difficulty in reading, direct manipulation, and form filling tasks. There was a perception of a high number of errors by the participants for the writing task in Tablet PCs. Overall, participants found the general computing capabilities and portability of Tablet PCs impressive. However, the majority did not prefer Tablet PCs to laptop PCs to meet their everyday computing needs. Results can help designers improve the overall usability of the Tablet PC and help its development as a major computing medium.
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Objectives
Bacterial infection of the root canal system causes apical periodontitis. Less is known about the role of fungi in these infections. This study aimed to assess the fungal prevalence, ...abundance, and diversity of root canal infections, as well as the relation between fungi and bacteria present in different parts of the root canal.
Materials and methods
Twenty-six teeth with primary apical periodontitis were extracted, split in apical and coronal root segments, and cryo-pulverized. Bacteriome profiles of 23 teeth were analyzed based on the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Mycobiome profiles of six teeth were analyzed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 or ITS2 region. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform.
Results
A total of 338 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 28 ITS1 OTUs, and 24 ITS2 OTUs were identified.
Candida
and
Malassezia
were the most frequently identified fungi. No differences could be found between the bacteriome and mycobiome profiles of the apical and coronal root segments. The bacteriome of fungi-positive root segments contained more
Actinomyces
,
Bifidobacterium
, four different
Lactobacillus
OTUs,
Propionibacterium
, and
Streptococcus
. A Spearman correlation matrix between bacteriomes and mycobiomes identified no correlations, but separate clusters could be observed.
Conclusions
A considerable proportion of the root canal infections contain fungi, although fungal diversity is limited. However, when fungi are present, the composition of the bacteriome is clearly different.
Clinical relevance
Interaction between bacteria and fungi in root canal infections may complicate the infection and require alternative treatment strategies.
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