Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune process that appears in susceptible people. It can affect people of any age, and slightly predominates in females. It has a fairly ...homogenous global distribution, with an average prevalence of 1⁻2%, the frequency having increased in recent decades. The only effective treatment is a strict and permanent gluten-free diet (GFD), although the level of compliance is poor, at about 50% of cases. To monitor the effectiveness of the GFD, several procedures involving various approaches are employed: (a) Periodic visits by expert Nutritionists; (b) Clinical follow-up; (c) Serological time controls of specific antibodies; (d) Serial endoscopies with collection of duodenal biopsies; (e) Use of structured questionnaires; and (f) Determination of gluten peptides derived from gluten in faeces and/or urine. All of these procedures are useful when applied, alone or in combination, depending on the cases. Some patients will only need to consult to their doctors, while others will require a multidisciplinary approach to assess their compliance with the GFD. In children, normalization of duodenal mucosa was achieved in 95% of cases within two years, while it is more delayed in adults, whose mucosa take longer time (3⁻5 years) to heal completely.
refractory iron-deficiency anemia has a multifactorial origin related to various gastrointestinal conditions, with celiac disease plus malabsorption and IBD together with isolated gluten intolerance ...being most common.
to determine the prevalence of serum, genetic, and histological markers for gluten intolerance, and to analyze the response to gluten withdrawal from the diet in these patients.
a number of patients with refractory anemia were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. A protocol to measure serum (TGt-2), genetic (HLA-DQ2/DQ8), and histological markers for celiac disease was applied. All followed a gluten-free diet for a median 3.6 years. Sustained remission of anemia during follow-up was interpreted as positive response.
ninety-eight patients (84% females) with a mean age of 54 years were studied. Anti-TGt2 antibodies were positive in 5% of cases. A total of 67 cases (68%) were haplotype HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 (+). We found villous atrophy (Marsh III) in 13% of patients, and an inflammatory pattern (Marsh I or II) in 13%. All remaining 72 patients (74%) had no histological duodenal changes.Age, anemia duration, number of transfusions, number of parenteral iron doses, and time on a gluten-free diet were all compared according to the presence or absence of villous atrophy and HLA-DQ2/8 positivity, and no significant differences were found for any of the analyzed variables. Response was positive in 92% of subjects.
celiac disease with villous atrophy is rarely a cause of refractory anemia. Gluten intolerance with no histological lesions is seen in almost 75% of patients, and therefore plays a relevant role in its development.
Background
Recent articles have described patients that share eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and celiac disease (CD) suggesting a true relationship between both diseases.
Aims
The purpose of this ...study was to investigate whether HLA DQ2 and DQ8 predisposing to CD are increased in adult patients with EoE.
Methods
HLA alleles conferring risk for CD was assessed in 75 adult EoE patients attended at two hospitals located in different Spanish regions over the past 2 years. We compared the frequencies to the registered data of 421 healthy kidney and bone marrow donors from our hospitals for the following alleles: (a) DR3-DQ2 haplotype; (b) the combination of DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8; (c) DR4-DQ8 haplotype; (d) the simultaneous presence of the DR5-DQ7 and DR7-DQ2 haplotypes; and lastly (e) any combination of haplotypes not conferring risk for the development of CD.
Results
The HLA DQ2 and DQ8 alleles were analyzed in 58 adult EoE patients from hospital #1 and in 20 patients from hospital #2, and they were compared to recorded HLA genotyping data from 298 and 123 healthy donors, respectively. No differences were found between the distribution of the HLA frequencies of the patients and controls at both hospitals and the data could be combined. EoE patients did not show increased frequencies of DQ2 and DQ8 alleles compared to controls.
Conclusions
Our work does not allow us to establish a common genetic basis for EoE and CD because an increased frequency of the HLA DQ2 and DQ8 alleles predisposing to CD was not observed in adult EoE patients compared to controls.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Research on diseases of herbaceous plants caused by Pseudomonads has been rapidly progressing; however, for most pathovars which infect woody plants, strains accessible to genetic manipulation have ...not yet been reported. At present, few studies have reported the transfer of genes to
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.
savastanoi, the causal agent of olive knot disease. A collection of
P. savastanoi pv.
savastanoi isolates was tested for its ability to receive, by conjugation, the broad-host range plasmid pBBR1MCS-2; four of them, showing conjugation frequencies higher than 10
−3 transconjugants/recipient, were selected. Differences in motility, colony size and morphology, and knot formation in olive explants were observed among the selected strains; nonetheless, amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that they belonged to
P. savastanoi species. Transformation frequency by electroporation of pBBR1MCS-2 into these strains was improved up to four orders of magnitude using plasmids isolated from a
P. savastanoi strain and from an
Escherichia coli modification/restriction-deficient strain. Three of the selected strains maintained pBBR1MCS-2 stably and compatibly with their native plasmids during at least 90 generations, allowing the use of this vector for gene expression studies. Transposition via conjugation of different mini-Tn
5, with or without the reporter genes
gfp or
luxAB, yielded frequencies varying from 1
×
10
−5 to 2.4
×
10
−9 transconjugants/recipient. Southern analysis of mutants obtained in strain NCPPB 3335 using a collection of DNA sequence tag transposons indicated that transposition occurs randomly, and in most cases at single sites in the genome of this strain, allowing the utilization of transposon tools for cell tagging and for the construction of insertional mutations. Knots developed on one-year-old plants inoculated with a Gfp-tagged strain clearly showed green fluorescence.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Los residuos mineros son una fuente importante de arsénico y metales pesados que, al estar sujetos a la dispersión eólica e hídrica, pueden ser la causa de la contaminación de suelos en grandes ...superficies de terreno. En este trabajo, se seleccionó una zona minera en el estado de San Luis Potosí, México, para evaluar el uso de la susceptibilidad magnética (SM), la conductividad eléctrica (CE) y el pH como parámetros indirectos para la delimitación de la distribución espacial de arsénico y metales pesados en los residuos mineros y suelos contaminados por su dispersión. La SM, CE, pH y la concentración total de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) como arsénico (As), cadmio (Cd), cobre (Cu), plomo (Pb), zinc (Zn) y hierro (Fe) fueron determinados en 107 muestras de residuos y suelos. Además, se analizó la concentración de iones mayores en lixiviados acuosos y se realizaron análisis de difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido en suelos y jales. Por último, se valoró el índice de peligro (IP) debido a la presencia simultánea de As, Cd y Pb. Los resultados indican que los valores más altos de SM, CE y concentraciones totales de EPT, así como los valores de pH más bajos, se determinaron en los residuos mineros lo cual confirma que son fuente potencial de contaminación de los suelos adyacentes. Por otro lado, indican que en los suelos colindantes con los residuos se determinaron valores altos de estos parámetros. Se demostró que existe una mayor correlación entre la SM, pH y la concentración total de los EPT, y menor para la CE, la cual está determinada por la presencia de sulfatos de calcio (yeso) que es el principal mineral secundario de los procesos de oxidación de los residuos mineros. Se encontró que la relación entre la SM y los EPT está determinada por las fases sólidas (minerales secundarios de Fe) en las que están retenidos los EPT y que presentan una buena respuesta magnética. El análisis de regresión lineal para el índice de peligro (IP) y SM, CE y pH indica una correlación lineal significativa entre IP y SM (0.82), y entre IP y pH (- 0.81); sin embargo, se encontró una correlación lineal más débil entre IP y CE (r = 0.57). Estos resultados permiten concluir que la CE ayuda a delimitar la fuente de contaminación y la dispersión de los residuos y que la SM y el pH son útiles en la delimitación de la contaminación del suelo, así como en la valoración del grado de contaminación por residuos mineros en la zona de estudio.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary Background Ulcerative proctitis (UP) can have a milder, less aggressive course than left‐sided colitis or extensive colitis. Therefore, immunosuppressants tend to be used less in patients ...with this condition. Evidence, however, is scarce because these patients are excluded from randomised controlled clinical trials. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of patients with refractory UP and their disease‐related complications, and to identify the need for immunosuppressive therapies. Methods We identified patients with UP from the prospective ENEIDA registry sponsored by the GETECCU. We evaluated socio‐demographic data and complications associated with immunosuppression. We defined immunosuppression as the use of immunomodulators, biologics and/or small molecules. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Results From a total of 34,716 patients with ulcerative colitis, we identified 6281 (18.1%) with UP; mean ± SD age 53 ± 15 years, average disease duration of 12 ± 9 years. Immunosuppression was prescribed in 11% of patients, 4.2% needed one biologic agent and 1% needed two; 2% of patients required hospitalisation, and 0.5% underwent panproctocolectomy or subtotal colectomy. We identified 0.2% colorectal tumours and 5% extracolonic tumours. Patients with polyarthritis (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.86–6.69; p < 0.001) required immunosuppressants. Conclusions Among patients with refractory UP, 11% required immunosuppressant therapy, and 4.2% required at least one biologic agent.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A worldwide collection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains from olive knots was examined for the distribution, variation in position and copy numbers of the IS53 insertion element. ...Southern hybridization analysis of plasmid DNA from six olive strains using IS53 and repA probes revealed that this insertion element was present in the chromosomal replicon and not in a plasmid, as had been originally described in an oleander strain. Southern hybridization analysis also revealed that IS53 was present in multiple copies in all analyzed strains. Copy numbers of IS53 elements ranged from 4 up to 10. Although all strains displayed a remarkably high degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism, we demonstrated that transposition of this element is extremely rare in bacteria grown in vitro for up to 390 generations. The genetic diversity of 62 olive strains based on 47 different IS53 RFLP fingerprints and UPGMA analysis enabled all strains to be clustered into eight groups with 60% similarity. IS53 typing can be considered a suitable marker for epidemiological and ecological studies, given its widespread distribution on P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi olive populations, its high stability and the high degree of polymorphism generated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease, with a connective tissue alteration, consisting in the presence of multiple spontaneous fractures or after minimal traumatism. Its association with ...other metabolic processes is rarely described. We present the clinical case of a female adult patient of 43 years. From her infancy, she has had multiple fractures, needing several surgical interventions, and she was diagnosed of OI type 2 at adolescence age. Due mainly to difficulties in walking remaining in wheel-chair in the last three years, she was overweight with morbid obesity (BMI=45.4) and had a type-II DM associated. She suffered from recurrent abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea and was diagnosed of celiac disease (CD) with increased intraepithelial duodenal infiltration, being classified as lymphocytic enteritis, Marsh I type. She was put on a gluten-free diet (GFD), having lost 6 kg of weight after 6 months, with a good control of DM-II and presenting a significant clinical improvement. It is rewarding to search the presence of two coincidental metabolic diseases associated to OI, specially CD, because of the dramatic clinical benefit in the general found after putting on a GFD.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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