We demonstrate efficient four-wave mixing among different spatial modes in a 1-km long two-mode fiber at telecommunication wavelengths. Two pumps excite the LP
and LP
modes, respectively, while the ...probe signal excites the LP
mode, and the phase conjugation (PC) and Bragg scattering (BS) idlers are generated in the LP
mode. For these processes we experimentally characterize their phase matching efficiency and bandwidth and find that they depend critically on the wavelength separation of the two pumps, in good agreement with the numerical study we carried out. We also confirm experimentally that BS has a larger bandwidth than PC for the optimum choice of the pump wavelength separation.
We present a study on the optical losses of Fabry-Pérot cavities subject to realistic transverse mirror misalignment. We consider mirrors of the two most prevalent surface forms: idealised spherical ...depressions, and Gaussian profiles generated by laser ablation. We first describe the mode mixing phenomena seen in the spherical mirror case and compare to the frequently-used clipping model, observing close agreement in the predicted diffraction loss, but with the addition of protective mode mixing at transverse degeneracies. We then discuss the Gaussian mirror case, detailing how the varying surface curvature across the mirror leads to complex variations in round trip loss and mode profile. In light of the severe mode distortion and strongly elevated loss predicted for many cavity lengths and transverse alignments when using Gaussian mirrors, we suggest that the consequences of mirror surface profile are carefully considered when designing cavity experiments.
•Low mass flux about 9 kg/(m2⋅s) in the vertical evaporator tube.•Parallel/counter-flow of heating water with the downward-flow refrigerant.•Boiling heat transfer coefficient in the range from 234 to ...1008 W/(m2⋅K).•Correlation of obtained result with the predicted Nusselt number up to 92 %.
This experimental study analysis the low mass flux of refrigerant R134a, R404A, and R407C in the smooth vertical evaporator tube with an inner diameter of 32 mm. This downward-flow refrigerant with a mass flux of about 9 kg⋅m−2⋅s−1 in the parallel/counter flow of heating water shows suppressed heat transfer by convective boiling and dominant heat transfer by nucleate boiling. This dominant heat transfer by nucleate boiling is dependent on the superheated wall of evaporator tube. The experimentally obtained Nusselt number correlates 92.2 % for R134a, 92.4 % for R404A, and 83.2 % for R407C with the predicted Nusselt number for mass flux over 10 kg⋅m−2⋅s−1. In summary, the untypically low mass flux of refrigerant about 9 kg⋅m−2⋅s−1 is comparable with the current state of knowledge for low mass flux over 10 kg⋅m−2⋅s−1.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Assessment of oxidative stress is an important but technically challenging procedure in medical and biological research. The reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test is a simple assay ...marketed for analyzing the total amount of hydroperoxides in serum via the Fenton's reaction. Earlier reports have raised a suspicion that a part of the signal detected in the assay comes from sources other than metabolites generated by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to identify which serum components interfere with the d-ROMs signal. By application of sodium azide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium dodecylsulphate, varying temperature, and spiking endogenous substances we demonstrate that in the case of mammalian sera the assay determines ceruloplasmin (CP) activity with potential interferences from hydroperoxides, iron level, thiols, and albumin. In sera of avian species hydroperoxides contribute more to the test outcome, but the CP part is insensitive to inhibition by azide. In conclusion, this assay has deficiencies in terms of detecting realistic concentrations of hydroperoxides, is mostly measuring CP and is also interfered with other serum components, making it very difficult to interpret in most biological systems.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Genomic tumour profiling has a crucial role in the management of patients with solid cancers, as it helps selecting and prioritising therapeutic interventions based on prognostic and predictive ...biomarkers, as well as identifying markers of hereditary cancers. Harmonised approaches to interpret the results of genomic testing are needed to support physicians in their decision making, prevent inequalities in precision medicine and maximise patient benefit from available cancer management options.
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Translational Research and Precision Medicine Working Group assembled a group of international experts to propose recommendations for preparing clinical genomic reports for solid cancers. These recommendations aim to foster best practices in integrating genomic testing within clinical settings. After review of available evidence, several rounds of surveys and focused discussions were conducted to reach consensus on the recommendation statements. Only consensus recommendations were reported. Recommendation statements were graded in two tiers based on their clinical importance: level A (required to maintain common standards in reporting) and level B (optional but necessary to achieve ideal practice).
Genomics reports should present key information in a front page(s) followed by supplementary information in one or more appendices. Reports should be structured into sections: (i) patient and sample details; (ii) assay and data analysis characteristics; (iii) sample-specific assay performance and quality control; (iv) genomic alterations and their functional annotation; (v) clinical actionability assessment and matching to potential therapy indications; and (vi) summary of the main findings. Specific recommendations to prepare each of these sections are made.
We present a set of recommendations aimed at structuring genomics reports to enhance physician comprehension of genomic profiling results for solid cancers. Communication between ordering physicians and professionals reporting genomic data is key to minimise uncertainties and to optimise the impact of genomic tests in patient care.
•These Recommendations cover the preparation of genomic reports to inform clinical decisions for patients with solid cancers.•Recommendations are based on consensus from a multidisciplinary group of experts after reviewing available evidence.•The manuscript provides guidance on structuring genomic reports, and the optimal presentation of content for each section.•These recommendations are relevant to most next-generation sequencing assays utilised in clinical practice and research.•Recommendations are categorised into priority levels (A, B) to adapt to diverse clinical and laboratory contexts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Intravenous cyclophosphamide is considered to be the standard of care for the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis. However, its use is limited by potentially severe toxic effects. Cyclosporine ...A has been suggested to be an efficient and safe treatment alternative to cyclophosphamide. Forty patients with clinically active proliferative lupus nephritis were randomly assigned to one of two sequential induction and maintenance treatment regimens based either on cyclophosphamide or Cyclosporine A. The primary outcomes were remission (defined as normal urinary sediment, proteinuria <0.3 g/24 h, and stable s-creatinine) and response to therapy (defined as stable s-creatinine, 50% reduction in proteinuria, and either normalization of urinary sediment or significant improvement in C3) at the end of induction and maintenance phase. Secondary outcomes were incidence of adverse events, and relapse-free survival. At the end of the induction phase, 24% of the 21 patients treated by cyclophosphamide achieved remission, and 52% achieved response, as compared with 26% and 43%, respectively of the 19 patients treated by the Cyclosporine A. At the end of the maintenance phase, 14% of patients in cyclophosphamide group, and 37% in Cyclosporine A group had remission, and 38% and 58% respectively response. Treatment with Cyclosporine A was associated with transient increase in blood pressure and reversible decrease in glomerular filtration rate. There was no significant difference in median relapse-free survival. In conclusion, Cyclosporine A was as effective as cyclophosphamide in the trial of sequential induction and maintenance treatment in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis and preserved renal function.(ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00976300) Lupus (2010) 19, 1281—1289.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
9.
Diameter Perfect Lee Codes Horak, P.; AlBdaiwi, B. F.
IEEE transactions on information theory,
08/2012, Volume:
58, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Lee codes have been intensively studied for more than 40 years. Interest in these codes has been triggered by the Golomb-Welch conjecture on the existence of the perfect error-correcting Lee codes. ...In this paper, we deal with the existence and enumeration of diameter perfect Lee codes. As main results, we determine all q for which there exists a linear diameter-4 perfect Lee code of word length n over Z q , and prove that for each n ≥ 3, there are uncountable many diameter-4 perfect Lee codes of word length n over Z. This is in a strict contrast with perfect error-correcting Lee codes of word length n over Z as there is a unique such code for n=3, and its is conjectured that this is always the case when 2n+1 is a prime. We produce diameter perfect Lee codes by an algebraic construction that is based on a group homomorphism. This will allow us to design an efficient algorithm for their decoding. We hope that this construction will turn out to be useful far beyond the scope of this paper.
Present design of buildings and the way of building assessment focus primary on decreasing of energy consumption, efficient energy management and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions having ...significant impact on climate change. This emphasis stems from European Union 2020 targets. However, in the issue of comprehensive building assessment are missing headline targets or limits to achieve type-stable level of indoor environment quality. Under the scope of sustainable building assessment can be considered aspect of acoustics, natural and artificial lighting, air quality or thermal behaviour. By means of sustainable development are applied wider targets directly and indirectly influencing overall building performance. This contribution describes connection between application of specific aims of sustainability applied by BREEAM with final influence on energy efficiency and indoor environment in terms of evaluation of thermal comfort using predicted mean vote and predicted percentage dissatisfied indices. The subject of analysis is office building in Brno.
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