Migratory brown planthopper
(
) annually migrates to Northeast Asia in spring and returns to Southeast Asia in autumn. However, mechanisms for orientation and navigation during their flight remain ...largely unknown. The geomagnetic field (GMF) is an important source of directional information for animals (including
), yet the magnetic compass involved has not been fully identified.
Here we assessed the influences of GMF on the foraging orientation preference of
by removing or component reversal of local GMF. At the same time, we examined the role of iron-sulfur cluster assembly1 (IscA1), a putative component of magnetoreceptor, in the foraging orientation preference of
under the controlled magnetic fields by RNA silencing (RNAi).
We found that the near-zero magnetic field (NZMF) or vertical reversal of GMF could lead to
losing the foraging orientation preference, suggesting that a normal level of GMF, in the way of either intensity or inclination, was essential for the foraging orientation of
. Moreover, the gene knockdown of IscA1, also affected the foraging orientation preference of
, pointing out a potential role of IscA1 in the insects' sensing of variation in the GMF.
These results suggested a foraging orientation preference is associated with the GMF and revealed new insights into the relationship between the IscA1 and magnetosensitivity mechanism in
.
Considering the complex geological conditions of mining in the fully mechanized 828 working face of the Qingdong Coal Mine, a mining plan was developed for premining the upper No. 7 coal seam to ...control the hard roof and gas of the No. 8 coal seam. Failure depth of the No. 7 coal seam floor and the caving interval of the hard roof were analyzed using a proposed model based on the Terzaghi’s principle and rock beam theory, respectively. The movement rules of the overlying strata under premining (No. 7 coal seam) and non-premining conditions were analyzed using physical material similarity simulations experiment. Furthermore, field monitoring was performed to determine the working resistance of the hydraulic supports. The estimated results from the proposed method showed that the failure depth of the floor of the 726 working face was 13.8 m, which is in agreement with that noted during the field observation. The caving interval of the hard roof decreased from 24.9 m to 10.6 m after premining the No. 7 coal seam. In the simulation, the caving interval of the hard roof of the No. 8 coal seam decreased from 20 m to 10 m after premining the No. 7 coal seam. The hydraulic supports were effective in the actual production process, and the initial and periodic weighting intervals were 20.4 m and 10.4 m, respectively. These findings demonstrate that after premining the No. 7 coal seam, the initial and periodic weighting intervals decreased, thereby reducing the pressure intensity of the roof. This method effectively weakens the hard roof of the No. 8 coal seam. The issues pertaining to the hard roof during the mining of the 828 working face could be overcome by premining a protective coal seam of the upper No. 7 coal seam.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, as special microorganisms, are important sources of antibacterial compounds. However, the diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Pinellia ...Tenore have not been systematically studied.
A total of 77 fungi were isolated from roots, stems, leaves, and tubers of Pinellia ternata and P. pedatisecta. All fungi were belonged to five classes and twenty-five different genera. Biological activities tests indicated that 21 extracts of endophytic fungi exhibited antibacterial activities against at least one of the tested bacteria, and 22 fermentation broth of endophytic fungi showed strong phytotoxic activity against Echinochloa crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 100%. Furthermore, four compounds, including alternariol monomethyl ether (1), alternariol (2), dehydroaltenusin (3) and altertoxin II (4), and three compounds, including terreic acid (5), terremutin (6), citrinin (7), were isolated from Alternaria angustiovoidea PT09 of P. ternata and Aspergillus floccosus PP39 of P. pedatisecta, respectively. Compound 5 exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus tetragenus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae with the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 36.0, 31.0, 33.7, 40.2 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.56, 3.13, 1.56, 1.56 μg/mL respectively, which were better than or equal to those of positive gentamicin sulfate. The metabolite 7 also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against P. syringae pv. actinidiae with the IZD of 26.0 mm and MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL. In addition, the compound 7 had potent phytotoxic activity against E. crusgalli with the inhibition rate of 73.4% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL.
Hence, this study showed that endophytic fungi of P. ternata and P. pedatisecta held promise for the development of new antibiotic and herbicide resources.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with one of the worst prognoses. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are emerging as an important regulator of gene expression and function, leading to the ...development of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between lncRNA and HCC and to further guide clinical therapy. lncRNA in HCC and adjacent tissues were screened, and the correlation between lncRNA‐PDPK2P expression in liver tissues and the pathological characteristics and severity of HCC was assessed. The effects of PDPK2P on HCC proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion were also systematically investigated via CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, scratch wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. The relationship between PDPK2P and PDK1 was verified by RNA pull‐down, rescue experiments and western blot. lncRNA‐PDPK2P was highly expressed in HCC tissues with a distinct positive correlation between PDPK2P and PDK1, and the upregulation was clinically associated with a larger tumor embolus, low differentiation, and poor survival. Mechanistically, lncRNA‐PDPK2P interacted with PDK1 and promoted HCC progression through the PDK1/AKT/caspase 3 signaling pathway. lncRNA‐PDPK2P can promote HCC progression, suggesting it may be a clinically valuable biomarker and serve as a molecular target for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
lnc‐PDPK2P that binds to microRNA increases with increased lnc‐PDPK2P expression, resulting in a decrease in the amount of microRNA bound to mRNA‐PDK1 and thereby increasing the amount of PDK1 involved in the AKT pathway. Finally, lncRNA‐PDPK2P promotes HCC progression through the PDK1 /AKT/caspase 3 signaling pathway.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Five undescribed steroids and one sesquiterpene, named Aglaians A-F, along with sixteen known analogs, have been isolated from the branches and leaves of
. Its structure was elucidated by IR, ...HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, quantum-chemical calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of six human tumor cell lines were evaluated (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, Ln-cap, A549, HeLa, and HepG-2), and four strains of bacteria (
,
,
, and
). The bioassay results indicated that compounds
and
exhibited moderate antitumor activity with IC
values ranging from 16.72 to 36.14 μM. Furthermore, compounds
-
possess antibacterial activities against four bacteria with MIC values of 25-100 μM.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the process of heat conduction between thermo-active ground structures and the ground, the change of the temperature field will lead to the change of the soil stress field and the change of ...mechanical properties of soil and soil-structure interface. Based on the quadruple shear strain-controlled direct shear apparatus, a temperature-controlled system was added and converted into a temperature-controlled direct shear apparatus. A series of temperature-controlled interface direct shear tests were carried out between sand and concrete with different contents of fine-grained soil to investigate the effect of the fine-grained soil content and temperature on the interface shear strength parameters. Based on the shear strength theory of unsaturated soil, the interface friction mechanism was summarized, and the micro mechanism of temperature effect of the interface shear characteristics was analyzed. It is found that the temperature has little effect on the type of the interface shear stress versus shear displacement curve (
τ-l
curve), but has a slight effect on the peak point. When the content of fine-grained soil
β
≤11%, the interface shear strength index first decreases and then increases with the increase of temperature, and the minimum value appears at the temperature of 40°C (
T
=40°C). The interface shear strength indexes all increase with the increase of temperature when
β
>11%. With the increase of the fine-grained soil content, the interface internal friction angle is negatively correlated, and the interface cohesion force is positively correlated.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Vulgarisins are members of diterpenoids with rare 5/6/4/5 ring skeleton from
Prunella vulgaris
Linn. (
P
.
vulgaris
). Their molecular scaffolds comprise different hydroxylation and degree of ...esterification. Vulgarisins have attracted many attentions in the fields of food and medicine for their potent bioactivities. Firstly, four reference compounds were analyzed by higher-energy collisional dissociation mass spectrometry (HCD MS/MS) and the fragmentation patterns for molecular scaffold were summarized. And then, a high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-HR-MS) method was adopted to investigate the
P
.
vulgaris
extracts. Finally, the proposed analysis results were successfully applied to facilitate the discovery of the vulgarisins analogues from
P
.
vulgaris
. For the four reference compounds, the sodium adduct was the predominate ion in full scan. A specific fragmentation pathway of M+Na
+
ions leads to produce diagnostic ions of vulgarisins at
m
/
z
325 under HCD, which was formed through consecutive-side chains lost. Twenty-three diterpenoids, including 18 vulgarisins analogues, were identified or tentatively characterized in the botanical extracts of
P
.
vulgaris
based on their elemental constituents and characteristic fragment ion profiles. Two new vulgarisins analogues in the plant were isolated and their structures were illustrated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis using
1
D and
2
D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The HCD MS/MS method, including the profiles of the diagnostic ions induced by characteristic fragmentation, is an effective technique for the discovery of vulgarisins analogues in
P
.
vulgaris
. The expected fragmentation pattern knowledge will also facilitate the analysis of other natural products.
Graphical abstract
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Mining at the fully mechanized working face below the goaf of the short-distance coal seam is influenced by the upper goaf. To address this problem, methods such as theoretical analyses, numerical ...simulation, and on-site measurement are used to study the strata behavior characteristics of the Ningxia Lingxin Coal Mine 051508 working face in this study. The roof weighting intervals of the working faces below the goaf and the non-goaf are obtained via theoretical calculations. The stoping processes of the working faces below the goaf and the non-goaf are simulated with FLAC3D to obtain the distribution law of the bearing pressure and plastic zones before the working face. Based on the statistical analysis of the measured working resistance of the supports and its distribution, the roof weighting interval of the working face mining below the goaf is obtained. The results show that the roof weighting interval and the advanced abutment pressure during mining at the working face below the goaf are smaller than those below the non-goaf, providing a reasonable theoretical basis for mining below the goaf, and having important significance for safe and efficient mining.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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