Rehabilitation methods for the burn injured individual Spires, M Catherine; Kelly, Brian M; Pangilinan, Jr, Percival H
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,
11/2007, Volume:
18, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Physiatrists play a critical role in managing the medical and functional consequences of serious burn injuries. Goals of rehabilitation include wound healing, scar prevention, hypertrophic scarring ...suppression, full range of motion, strengthening, and independent mobility and activities of daily living. This article is an overview of burn rehabilitation principles and patient management. The ultimate rehabilitation goal is independence in all spheres of an individual's life. Achievement of independence depends on the commitment of the injured individual and the entire health care team.
We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a Z boson in 4.2 fb(-1) of pp collisions, collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron at sqrts =1 .96 ...TeV. Selected events contain one reconstructed Z → e+ e- or Z → μ+ μ- candidate and at least two jets, including at least one b-tagged jet. In the absence of an excess over the background expected from other standard model processes, limits on the ZH cross section multiplied by the branching ratios are set. The limit at M(H) = 115 GeV is a factor of 5.9 larger than the standard model prediction.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
We report the results of a search for R parity violating (RPV) interactions leading to the production of supersymmetric sneutrinos decaying into eμ final states using 5.3 fb-1 of integrated ...luminosity collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Having observed no evidence for production of eμ resonances, we set direct bounds on the RPV couplings λ311' and λ312 as a function of sneutrino mass.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
The DOslash experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider (Batavia, IL, USA) has undergone significant upgrades in anticipation of high luminosity running conditions. As part of the upgrade, the ...capabilities of the Central Track Trigger (CTT) to make trigger decisions based on hit patterns in the Central Fiber Tracker (CFT) have been much improved. We report on the implementation, commissioning and operation of the upgraded CTT system.
Neuromuscular diseases are a broad group of disorders that affect the motor unit. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology have greatly furthered understanding of these diseases. ...Unfortunately, this has not greatly modified treatment strategies. This article addresses some common features of these diseases, and some less commonly addressed issues.
We propose a new technique for the calibration of nuclear recoils in large noble element dual-phase time projection chambers used to search for WIMP dark matter in the local galactic halo. This ...technique provides an \(\textit{in situ}\) measurement of the low-energy nuclear recoil response of the target media using the measured scattering angle between multiple neutron interactions within the detector volume. The low-energy reach and reduced systematics of this calibration have particular significance for the low-mass WIMP sensitivity of several leading dark matter experiments. Multiple strategies for improving this calibration technique are discussed, including the creation of a new type of quasi-monoenergetic 272 keV neutron source. We report results from a time-of-flight based measurement of the neutron energy spectrum produced by an Adelphi Technology, Inc. DD108 neutron generator, confirming its suitability for the proposed nuclear recoil calibration.
The DOslash experiment was upgraded in spring 2006 to harvest the full physics potential of the Tevatron accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA. It is expected ...that the peak luminosity delivered by the accelerator will increase to over 300 times 10 30 cm -2 s -1 . One of the upgraded systems is the central track trigger (CTT). The CTT uses the central fiber tracker (CFT) and preshower detectors to identify central tracks with p T > 1.5 GeV at the first trigger level. Track candidates are formed by comparing fiber hits to predefined track equations. In order to minimize latency, this operation is performed in parallel using combinatorial logic implemented in FPGAs. Limited hardware resources prevented the use of the full granularity of the CFT. This leads to a high fake track rate as the occupancy increases. In order to mitigate the problem, new track-finding hardware was designed and commissioned. We report on the upgrade and the improved performance of the CTT system.
Dark matter direct-detection searches for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are commonly limited in sensitivity by neutron and gamma backgrounds from the decay of radioactive isotopes. ...Several common radioisotopes in detector construction materials are found in long decay chains, notably those headed by 238U, 235U, and 232Th. Gamma radioassay using Ge detectors identifies decay rates of a few of the radioisotopes in each chain, and typically assumes that the chain is in secular equilibrium. If the chains are out of equilibrium, detector background rates can be elevated significantly above expectation. In this work we quantify the increase in neutron and gamma production rates from an excess of various sub-chains of the 238U decay chain. We find that the 226Ra sub-chain generates x10 higher neutron flux per decay than the 238U early sub-chain and 210Pb sub-chain, in materials with high (alpha,n) neutron yields. Typical gamma screening results limit potential 238U early sub-chain activity to x20-60 higher than 226Ra sub-chain activity. Monte Carlo simulation is used to quantify the contribution of the sub-chains of 238U to low-energy nuclear recoil (NR) and electron recoil (ER) backgrounds in simplified one tonne liquid Ar and liquid Xe detectors. NR and ER rates generated by 238U sub-chains in the Ar and Xe detectors are found after comparable fiducial and multiple-scatter cuts. The Xe detector is found to have x12 higher signal-to-background for 100 GeV WIMPs over neutrons than the Ar detector. ER backgrounds in both detectors are found to increase weakly for excesses of 238U early sub-chain and 210Pb sub-chain relative to 226Ra sub-chain. Experiments in which backgrounds are NR-dominated are sensitive to undetected excesses of 238U early sub-chain and 210Pb sub-chain concentrations. Experiments with ER-dominated backgrounds are relatively insensitive to these excesses.
Results are presented from radioactivity screening of two models of photomultiplier tubes designed for use in current and future liquid xenon experiments. The Hamamatsu 5.6 cm diameter R8778 PMT, ...used in the LUX dark matter experiment, has yielded a positive detection of four common radioactive isotopes: 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 60Co. Screening of LUX materials has rendered backgrounds from other detector materials subdominant to the R8778 contribution. A prototype Hamamatsu 7.6 cm diameter R11410 MOD PMT has also been screened, with benchmark isotope counts measured at <0.4 238U / <0.3 232Th / <8.3 40K / 2.0+-0.2 60Co mBq/PMT. This represents a large reduction, equal to a change of \times 1/24 238U / \times 1/9 232Th / \times 1/8 40K per PMT, between R8778 and R11410 MOD, concurrent with a doubling of the photocathode surface area (4.5 cm to 6.4 cm diameter). 60Co measurements are comparable between the PMTs, but can be significantly reduced in future R11410 MOD units through further material selection. Assuming PMT activity equal to the measured 90% upper limits, Monte Carlo estimates indicate that replacement of R8778 PMTs with R11410 MOD PMTs will change LUX PMT electron recoil background contributions by a factor of \times1/25 after further material selection for 60Co reduction, and nuclear recoil backgrounds by a factor of \times 1/36. The strong reduction in backgrounds below the measured R8778 levels makes the R11410 MOD a very competitive technology for use in large-scale liquid xenon detectors.
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