Within the genus Postia, the P. caesia complex forms a distinctive morphological group. Based on recent molecular data, the current taxonomic status of the P. caesia complex is discussed and the ...nomenclature of the related taxa is revised as well. New combinations
are: Postia subg. Cyanosporus, Postia africana, Postia amyloidea, Postia caesioflava, and Postia coeruleivirens.
Odoria
(Meruliaceae, Basidiomycota) is described as a new genus established for the threatened old-growth forest polypore
Phaeolus alborubescens
that was previously discussed in
Aurantiporus
or
...Tyromyces
. It is characterized by the annual pinkish white spongy basidiocarp with strong sweetish smell, turning pale brown when drying, and has a positive reaction with KOH solution, the lack of cystidia, and the monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae often covered with fine orange crystals. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on a combined (5.8S–nucLSU–
rpb1
–
rpb2
) and a single locus (nrITS) dataset place
Odoria
in Meruliaceae (Phlebioid clade), close to
Crustodontia
,
Sarcodontia
,
Luteoporia
, and
Phlebiporia
. Molecular as well as anatomical study of the old type specimen of
P. alborubescens
is also provided.
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This is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms. This paper focuses on one family:
Erysiphaceae
and 24 ...phytopathogenic genera:
Armillaria, Barriopsis
,
Cercospora
,
Cladosporium
,
Clinoconidium
,
Colletotrichum
,
Cylindrocladiella
,
Dothidotthia
,,
Fomitopsis
,
Ganoderma
,
Golovinomyces
,
Heterobasidium
,
Meliola
,
Mucor
,
Neoerysiphe
,
Nothophoma
,
Phellinus
,
Phytophthora
,
Pseudoseptoria
,
Pythium
,
Rhizopus
,
Stemphylium
,
Thyrostroma
and
Wojnowiciella.
Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available. Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.
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The fungus "Fuling" has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for more than 2000 years, and its sclerotia have a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulation, ...anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-aging etc. This prized medicinal mushroom also known as "Hoelen" is resurrected from a piece of pre-Linnean scientific literature. Fries treated it as
Fr. and mentioned that it was cultivated on pine trees in China. However, this name had been almost forgotten, and
(syn.
), originally described from North America, and known as "Tuckahoe" has been applied to "Fuling" in most publications. Although Merrill mentioned a 100 years ago that Asian
and North American
are similar but different, no comprehensive taxonomical studies have been carried out on the East Asian
and its related species. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination on both the sclerotia and the basidiocarps which are very seldomly developed, the East Asian samples of
including sclerotia, commercial strains for cultivation and fruiting bodies, nested in a strongly supported, homogeneous lineage which clearly separated from the lineages of North American
and other species. So we confirm that the widely cultivated "Fuling"
in East Asia is not conspecific with the North American
. Based on the changes in Art. 59 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the generic name
, which was sanctioned by Fries, has nomenclatural priority (ICN, Art. F.3.1), and this name well represents the economically important stage of the generic type. So we propose to use
rather than
, and subsequently
and
are the valid names for "Fuling" in East Asia and "Tuckahoe" in North America, respectively. In addition, a new combination,
, is proposed. Furthermore, it seems that
is a species complex, and that three species exist in North America.
Species diversity of Basidiomycota He, Mao-Qiang; Zhao, Rui-Lin; Liu, Dong-Mei ...
Fungal diversity,
05/2022, Volume:
114, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Fungi are eukaryotes that play essential roles in ecosystems. Among fungi, Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla with more than 40,000 described species. We review species diversity of ...Basidiomycota from five groups with different lifestyles or habitats: saprobic in grass/forest litter, wood-decaying, yeast-like, ectomycorrhizal, and plant parasitic. Case studies of
Agaricus
,
Cantharellus
,
Ganoderma
,
Gyroporus
,
Russula
,
Tricholoma
, and groups of lichenicolous yeast-like fungi, rust fungi, and smut fungi are used to determine trends in discovery of biodiversity. In each case study, the number of new species published during 2009–2020 is analysed to determine the rate of discovery. Publication rates differ between taxa and reflect different states of progress for species discovery in different genera. The results showed that lichenicolous yeast-like taxa had the highest publication rate for new species in the past two decades, and it is likely this trend will continue in the next decade. The species discovery rate of plant parasitic basidiomycetes was low in the past ten years, and remained constant in the past 50 years. We also found that the establishment of comprehensive and robust taxonomic systems based on a joint global initiative by mycologists could promote and standardize the recognition of taxa. We estimated that more than 54,000 species of Basidiomycota will be discovered by 2030, and estimate a total of 1.4–4.2 million species of Basidiomycota globally. These numbers illustrate a huge gap between the described and yet unknown diversity in Basidiomycota.
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In recent years, the scientific names of many cultivated and well-known medicinal fungal species have been changed. However, the results of taxonomic and nomenclature works on these economically ...important fungi are often overlooked or ignored in applied researches. The incorrect use of scientific names may cause uncertainty in research and in the global medicinal mushroom market. In this paper, we briefly review the current taxonomy and nomenclature of "Fuling" medicinal mushroom and make a proposal for biochemists, pharmacists and businessmen on the correct use of scientific names related to this species. Based on the recent taxonomic results and nomenclatural proposals, the use of the names Wolfiporia extensa, W. cocos and especially Poria cocos for the "Fuling" mushroom are incorrect and misleading; therefore, the acceptance of the names Pachyma hoelen or Wolfiporia hoelen is recommended.
is a widely distributed crust fungus reported from all continents except Antarctica, although considered a rare species in several European countries. Profound mycochemical analysis of the methanol ...extract of
resulted in the isolation of seven compounds (
-
). Among them, (3β,22E)-3-methoxy-ergosta-4,6,8
,22-tetraene (
) is a new natural product, while the NMR assignment of its already known epimer (
) has been revised. In addition to a benzohydrofuran derivative fomannoxin (
), four ergostane-type triterpenes
-
were identified. The structure elucidation of the isolated metabolites was performed by one- and two-dimensional NMR and MS analysis. Compounds
-
as well as the chloroform,
-hexane, and methanol extracts of
were evaluated for their tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Among the examined compounds, only fomannoxin (
) displayed the antityrosinase property with 51% of inhibition, and the fungal steroids proved to be inactive. Regarding the potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of the fungal extracts and metabolites, it was demonstrated that the chloroform extract and compounds
-
exerted noteworthy inhibitory activity, with 83.86 and 32.99%, respectively. The butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory assay revealed that methanol and chloroform extracts, as well as compounds
and
exerted notable activity, while the rest of the compounds proved to be only weak enzyme inhibitors. Our study represents the first report on the chemical profile of basidiome of the wild-growing
, offering a thorough study on the isolation and structure determination of the most characteristic biologically active constituents of this species.
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The Lingzhi mushroom is a species of great economic importance that has been extensively researched, yet there is still no consensus on its scientific name. In a recent article based on new taxonomic ...results, the authors argued for using the name Ganoderma sichuanense instead of G. lingzhi, which has been widely accepted by the scientific community in the last ten years. However, replacing a stable and popular name based on current results may exacerbate the crisis surrounding the correct name of this species. Therefore, my aim is to review the situation with respected to the name G. sichuanense. To achieve this, it is necessary to carefully review whether it is indeed the earliest valid scientific name that can be applied to the Lingzhi mushroom. Moreover, in the interest of nomenclatural stability, we must consider whether the earliest published basionym is the best choice for the scientific name of this economically and culturally significant fungal species. The urgent clarification of this issue is necessary because only a widely accepted name has the possibility to compete with the still widely but incorrectly used name G. lucidum in many publications and on medicinal products.
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Panellus
is an Agaricales genus with both lamellate and poroid hymenophore. The poroid species are readily overlooked because of their tiny basidiocarps. The Chinese samples of poroid
Panellus
are ...studied, and five species, namely
Panellus alpinus
,
Panellus crassiporus
,
Panellus longistipitatus
,
Panellus minutissimus
, and
Panellus palmicola
are described as new species based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from an nrITS dataset and a multi-gene dataset (nrITS + nrLSU + mtSSU + nrSSU +
tef
1).
Panellus alpinus
is characterized by its round to ellipsoid pores measuring 4–6 per mm and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8–6 μm × 2.8–3.6 μm;
P. crassiporus
differs from other poroid species in the genus by the irregular pores with thick dissepiments and globose basidiospores measuring 8–9.8 μm × 6.9–8 μm;
P. longistipitatus
is distinguished by its long stipes, pyriform cheilocystidia, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7–9.8 μm × 5–7 μm;
P. minutissimus
is characterized by its tiny and gelatinous basidiocarps, 5–20 pores per basidiocarp, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 6–8 μm × 3.2–4.2 μm;
P. palmicola
is characterized by its round pores measuring 2–4 per mm, the presence of acerose basidioles, and globose basidiospores measuring 7–9.5 μm × 6.2–8.2 μm. An identification key to 20 poroid species of
Panellus
is provided.
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring ...medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
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