In lighting design, mean room surface exitance (MRSE) has been known as an indicator of the adequacy of illumination in an indoor space. Recent studies have suggested an exponential model relating ...MRSE and the observer’s retinal response. This is particularly applicable in a room with homogenous room surface reflectance and a constant total corneal illuminance, which is the total illuminance received at the eye. However, accuracy of the exponential model is yet to be assessed in detail. Furthermore, the implication on interior lighting design is also yet to be quantified. This study thus aims to assess the accuracy of the exponential model and to optimise the output variables. Random computations using Monte Carlo simulation are performed for various input variables, followed with sensitivity and uncertainty analyses and optimisation. Prediction errors of the exponential model are found between -10% and 6%. The MRSE is highly influenced by surface reflectance, whereas the total corneal illuminance is influenced by the source luminous flux. Optimum design parameters are obtained by minimising the ratio between total corneal illuminance and MRSE. Overall, this study provides guidelines in lighting design practice for enhancing room spatial brightness while minimising energy use.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The greenery-view factor has been recently proposed as a new, simple measure to assess the possibility of having visual access to view the outdoor greenery in a daylit building space, based on the ...constructed lines of sight. However, detailed expressions to compute the factor is yet to be provided, and correlations with the input variables are yet to be determined. This study aims to address those issues, by combining the 'no-greenery line' with the 'no-sky line' to create the greenery-sky-view factor (GSVF), which is the fraction of the floor area, at the eye-level height, from which the greenery and the sky are visible. Mathematical expressions to compute the GSVF are described for various scenarios involving the window-to-wall ratio, the elevation of the greenery, and the distance between the window and the greenery. Computations of 10,000 random combinations are performed to find the optimum input variables leading to the largest GSVF and to determine correlations between the input and output. Recommendations for design practice are provided based on the computation results.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
The Church is a place of worship for Christians; to ensure the smooth and solemn implementation of worship activities, many factors that affect their overall effectiveness must be considered, and one ...of the conditions that must be met in the worship room is audial comfort. Certain churches are situated in noisy surroundings, which may impact the comfort and auditory experience of worshippers during prayer. This research examines the issue of audial comfort in a church positioned at the periphery of a cross-town road. The main goal of this research was to determine the audial quality deemed comfortable in the Java Christian Church in Bandung from the noise impact caused by high vehicle traffic. The prominent noise that arises from the highway is mostly caused by motorized vehicles. The methodology employed in this study involves a case study approach using quantitative descriptive analysis to evaluate the audial quality of the church. This study uses the Decibel X Sound Meter application to collect data through field measurements. The measured data were analyzed using NoiseTools and IBANA-Calc software was used to analyze the level of noise around the outer church buildings, which are directly adjacent to the main road. The standards used as research references are based on the Decree of the State Minister for the Environment, Number KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996, concerning environmental noise, and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development guidelines regarding spatial noise. Based on the observations made in this research, the noise level within the premises of the Java Christian Church in Bandung is fairly good, so the only addition needed is a barrier that can reduce environmental noise in the Java Christian Church in Bandung.
Abstract
Wall material popularly used in Indonesia is a masonry wall, where the process takes longer than prefabrication wall materials or houses built-in components such as panels or modules. In ...this study, four types of prefabrication wall materials will be analyzed based on the annual energy use of each material. The wall materials chosen are Hebel, Alderon, Glassfibre Reinforced Cement Board (GRC), and metal deck. The calculation of energy consumption uses a simulation of a 27 m2 one-floor residential building located in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the simulation is analyzed with Sefaira software based on ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013. From the results of this Sefaira analysis, it is obtained that the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) value for Hebel wall material is 58 kWh/m
2
/yr, Alderon wall 90 kWh/m
2
/yr, Glassfiber Reinforced Cement Board (GRC) 83 kWh/m
2
/yr, and metal deck 89 kWh/m
2
/yr. Among the four recommended prefabricated wall materials, Hebel materials are considered to have the least energy use. Meanwhile, the EUI target of the 2030 Challenge for residential houses is 38 kWh/m
2
/yr, so it must reduce as much as 45 kWh/m
2
/yr for Hebel material.
The function of a house can be achieved via residential comfort. Several studies have shown that natural lighting affects the comfort of a dwelling. Previous research discussed the typology of ...subsidized housing development in Kupang City and Kendal Regency. The result was the addition of space according to the needs. This article discusses the analysis of natural lighting in the original form of subsidized housing and after development in Kupang City and Kendal Regency through simulations using Dialux. The simulation results show that natural lighting in the house cases does not qualify SNI 03-6197-2000 both in the original plan and the after-development plan.
The B building sector contributes to 40% of the carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Several studies show that high-performance MAN (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) buildings contribute to reducing carbon ...emissions. This study discusses the evaluation of natural lighting in educational buildings, namely the MAN (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) Cimahi building. This research was conducted using direct survey methods via measuring and simulating the natural lighting using Sefaira. The simulation results show that natural lighting in the building does not meet lumination standards. This article concludes that the addition of a roof overhang, windowed areas, façade elements, and shading strategies are all factors that can affect natural lighting in the MAN (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) Cimahi building.
Bandung, the capital of West Java province, Indonesia has experienced rapid urbanization, which has affected the urban environment, including its building density, land use, and the quality of urban ...living. This specific urban morphology has had a significant effect on the urban microclimate. This study was aimed at describing the urban microclimate of three different overcrowded settlements, i.e., Linggawastu (overcrowded settlement), Gerlong Girang (moderately crowded), and Pasir Impun (least crowded). The discussion will detail aspects of the masses and buildings, the distance between buildings, the height of buildings, and the availability of green open spaces to give the perspective of urban morphology toward the microclimate. Fixed weather logger in those three locations were collected over one month, meanwhile the mobile measurements to find the micro-meteorological values of air temperature (Ta), globe temperature (Tg), humidity (RH), and wind speed (v) to define the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). The measurements provided evidence of the trend of heat trapped in densely populated settlements shown in the diurnal temperature range from Tamax and Tamin (∆Ta) as only 3.2 °C. Meanwhile in Pasirimpun, which is least populated, ∆Ta = 9.5 °C. Linggawastu with building coverage ratio (BCR) > 96% gave the contribution of low Tg=28.3 °C, as there is less insolation penetration to the area. Thus, the PET for two densely populated areas, Linggawastu and Gerlong Girang, tends to be neutral to slightly cool. Nevertheless, this study points out the high humidity in the morning and afternoon, as well as the low air velocity, is a strong affecting factor.
•Aims to determine optimum BIPV orientation on façade in tropical buildings.•Experiment and simulation of BIPV energy yield and indoor daylight performance.•The greatest annual energy yield is at the ...North orientation, at 179∼186 kWh.•The South orientation is optimum in terms of energy yield and daylight performance.
Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today's buildings. The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation. For tropical cities, the optimum façade orientation, in terms of maximum energy yield and daylight performance, cannot be simply determined, due to relatively symmetrical sun path throughout the day. This study therefore aims to determine the optimum orientation for BIPV on tropical building façades. To achieve the objective, experiment, modelling, and computational simulation are conducted to evaluate the BIPV energy yield and to predict the indoor daylight performance in a scale-model building with a 105Wp monocrystalline silicon PV, facing each cardinal orientation in Bandung, Indonesia. The South orientation yields practically zero ASE1000,250, providing the best annual daylight performance, and yielding the most desirable value in four out of five daylight metrics. The greatest annual energy yield is at the North orientation, providing 179–186 kWh (95% prediction interval) per year, but with larger uncertainty compared to that at the South, due to direct sunlight occurrence. Based on three different objective functions, the South orientation is considered optimum for placing the BIPV panel on the prototype façade in the location.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The strategic issue faced by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Republic of Indonesia (PUPR) is the large housing backlog, especially in the urban areas. Low-income communities earning less ...than 2 USD/day are found as the most vulnerable to lack of access to affordable housing. This experiment aims to find an alternative solution on building construction material in accordance with the Ministry of Public Housing regulation No. 11 of 2011 about affordable housing guidelines. The experiment was carried out on an LSF to compare four different wall cladding materials. The building area was 36 m2 and the total wall cladding area was 95 m2. The wall cladding materials used were metal sheet, lightweight concrete brick, gypsum reinforced cement (GRC) board, and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) fiber. The experiment collected data on purchases of materials to develop the S-curve and measure construction progress. Then, the work unit price analysis (WUPA) approach was carried out to simulate the labor coefficient of construction speed and its comparison to the material costs of the four wall cladding materials. The experiment on this 36 m2 house found that metal sheet is the most efficient material, which took 22.7 h to cover a 95 m2 wall. Later, it was followed by uPVC fiber with 46.6 h, GRC board with 59.7 h, and finally lightweight con-bricks with 85.7 h. Apparently, the metal sheet not only presented the most efficient construction time, but also provided the lowest construction cost with 115.960 IDR/m2 (8.24 USD/m2). It was followed by uPVC fiber at 133.37 IDR/m2 (9.48 USD/m2); GRC board at 146.91 IDR/m2 (10.44 USD/m2) and finally lightweight con-bricks at 156.88 IDR/m2 (11.15 USD/m2). Through WUPA, this study also found that efficient workmanship (construction speed) of the labor greatly affects construction costs.
Abstract
Bekasi city is one of the largest Jakarta’s satellite cities that is experiencing population growth very quickly, especially in Bantargebang district. Bantargebang has the most population ...growth rate and is considered as slums as the Landfill Disposal located there. Bekasi is geographically located in the lowlands and experiences a massive growth in industrial and residential activities throughout the year, causing an increase in the temperature of the microclimate in which makes people feel thermally uncomfortable living there. This paper describes the design process of Low-Cost-Apartment (Rusunawa) with Tropical Architecture approach to answer the problem of thermal comfort. This research was conducted by analyzing the impact of application of Tropical Architecture such as building orientation, building configurations, building coverage, vegetations, openings, and materials to create a more comfortable place for living. The design process of these indicators is based on building simulations such as SunHour, CFD (Computational Fluid Design), and RayMan Tools to obtain the ideal design. This paper presents the usage of sunshading on the top 2 floors of each tower, specifically at the north side, and the building configuration with various level of height on each towers to help maximize the air flow within the site in order to reach thermal comfort. From simulations with these three tools, it can be concluded that the thermal comfort can be reached with the application of Tropical Architecture.
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