Abstract Statement of problem Scanners are frequently used in the fabrication of dental prostheses. However, the accuracy of these scanners is variable, and little information is available. Purpose ...The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of cast scanners with that of intraoral scanners by using different image impression techniques. Material and methods A poly(methyl methacrylate) master model was fabricated to replicate a maxillary first molar single-abutment tooth model. The master model was scanned with an accurate engineering scanner to obtain a true value (n=1) and with 2 intraoral scanners (CEREC Bluecam and CEREC Omnicam; n=6 each). The cast scanner scanned the master model and duplicated the dental stone cast from the master model (n=6). The trueness and precision of the data were measured using a 3-dimensional analysis program. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the different sets of scanning data, followed by a post hoc Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level modified by Bonferroni correction (α/6=.0083). The type 1 error level (α) was set at .05. Results The trueness value (root mean square: mean ±standard deviation) was 17.5 ±1.8 μm for the Bluecam, 13.8 ±1.4 μm for the Omnicam, 17.4 ±1.7 μm for cast scanner 1, and 12.3 ±0.1 μm for cast scanner 2. The differences between the Bluecam and the cast scanner 1 and between the Omnicam and the cast scanner 2 were not statistically significant ( P >.0083), but a statistically significant difference was found between all the other pairs ( P <.0083). The precision of the scanners was 12.7 ±2.6 μm for the Bluecam, 12.5 ±3.7 μm for the Omnicam, 9.2 ±1.2 μm for cast scanner 1, and 6.9 ±2.6 μm for cast scanner 2. The differences between Bluecam and Omnicam and between Omnicam and cast scanner 1 were not statistically significant ( P >.0083), but there was a statistically significant difference between all the other pairs ( P <.0083). Conclusions An Omnicam in video image impression had better trueness than a cast scanner but with a similar level of precision.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Research and development of the DEMOnstration power plant (DEMO) breeder blanket (BB) has been performed in recent years based on a predefined DEMO tritium breeding ratio (TBR) requirement, which ...determines a loss of wall surface due to non-breeding in-vessel components (IVCs) which consume plasma-facing wall surface and do not contribute to the breeding of tritium. The integration of different IVCs, such as plasma limiters, neutral beam injectors, electron cyclotron launchers and diagnostic systems, requires cut-outs in the BB, resulting in a loss of the breeder blanket volume, TBR and power generation, respectively. The neutronic analyses presented here have the goal of providing an assessment of the TBR losses associated with each IVC. Previously performed studies on this topic were carried out with simplified, homogenized BB geometry models. To address the effect of the detailed heterogeneous structure of the BBs on the TBR losses due to the inclusion of the IVCs in the tokamak, a series of blanket geometry models were developed for integration in the latest DEMO base model. The assessment was performed for both types of BBs currently developed within the EUROfusion project, the helium-cooled pebble bed (HCPB) and water-cooled lead–lithium (WCLL) concepts, and for the water-cooled lead and ceramic breeder (WLCB) hybrid BB concept. The neutronic simulations were performed using the MCNP6.2 Monte Carlo code with the Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion File (JEFF) 3.3 data library. For each BB concept, a 22.5° toroidal sector of the DEMO tokamak was developed to assess the TBR and nuclear power generation in the breeder blankets. For the geometry models with the breeder blanket space filled only with blankets without considering IVCs, the results of the TBR calculations were 1.173, 1.150 and 1.140 for the HCPB, WCLL and WLCB BB concepts, respectively. The TBR impact of all IVCs and the losses of the power generation were estimated as a superposition of the individual effects.
The aim of the study was to examine the differences of boredom, pain, and surprise. In addition to that, it was conducted to propose approaches for emotion recognition based on physiological signals.
...Three emotions, boredom, pain, and surprise, are induced through the presentation of emotional stimuli and electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature (SKT), and photoplethysmography (PPG) as physiological signals are measured to collect a dataset from 217 participants when experiencing the emotions. Twenty-seven physiological features are extracted from the signals to classify the three emotions. The discriminant function analysis (DFA) as a statistical method, and five machine learning algorithms (linear discriminant analysis (LDA), classification and regression trees (CART), self-organizing map (SOM), Naïve Bayes algorithm, and support vector machine (SVM)) are used for classifying the emotions.
The result shows that the difference of physiological responses among emotions is significant in heart rate (HR), skin conductance level (SCL), skin conductance response (SCR), mean skin temperature (meanSKT), blood volume pulse (BVP), and pulse transit time (PTT), and the highest recognition accuracy of 84.7% is obtained by using DFA.
This study demonstrates the differences of boredom, pain, and surprise and the best emotion recognizer for the classification of the three emotions by using physiological signals.
Although emotion-specific autonomic responses based on the discrete theory of emotion have been widely studied, studies on the reliability of physiological responses to emotional stimuli are limited. ...In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability of physiological changes induced by the six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise) that were measured during 10 weekly repeated experiments.
Twelve college students participated, and in each experiment, physiological signals were collected before and while participants were watching emotion-provoking film clips. Additionally, the participants self-evaluated the emotions that they experienced during the film presentation at the end of each emotional stimulus. To avoid adaptation of participants to identical stimuli during repeated measurements, we used 10 different film clips for each emotion, and thus a total of 60 film clips over 10 weeks were used. Physiological features, such as skin conductance level (SCL), fingertip temperature (FT), heart rate (HR), and blood volume pulse (BVP), were extracted from the physiological signals. Two reliability indices, Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient, were calculated from the physiological features to assess internal consistency and interrater reliability, respectively.
We found that SCL, HR, and BVP measured during the emotion-provoking phase over the 10 weekly sessions were more reliable than those assessed at baseline. Furthermore, SCL, HR, and BVP from the emotion-provoking phase exhibited excellent internal consistency and interrater reliability.
Our findings suggest that these features can be used as reliable physiological indices in emotion studies. The results also support the significance of physiological signals as meaningful indicators for emotion recognition in HCI (human computer interface) area.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure. Generally, women are twice as likely as men to have depression. Taurine, a type of amino acid, ...plays critical roles in neuronal generation, differentiation, arborization, and formation of synaptic connections. Importantly, it enhances proliferation and synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. When injected into animals, taurine has an antidepressant effect. However, there is no in vivo evidence to show an association between taurine concentration in the human brain and the development of MDD.
Forty-one unmedicated young women with MDD (ages 18-29) and 43 healthy control participants matched for gender and age were recruited in South Korea. Taurine concentration was measured in the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and occipital cortex of the MDD and healthy control groups using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T. Analysis of covariance was used to examine differences in taurine concentration, adjusting for age as a covariate.
Taurine concentration in the hippocampus was lower (F
= 5.729, p = .019, Δη
= 0.073) for the MDD group (mean SEM = 0.91 0.06 mM) than for the healthy control group (1.13 0.06 mM). There was no significant difference in taurine concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex or occipital cortex between the two groups.
This study demonstrates that a lower level of taurine concentration in the hippocampus may be a novel characteristic of MDD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A series of 18 new imidazo2,1-
bthiazole derivatives was synthesized. Their
in vitro antiproliferative activities against A375P human melanoma cell line and NCI-60 cell line panel were tested. ...Compounds
15,
16,
18,
22,
26–
28, and
31 showed superior potency against A375P to sorafenib. In addition, compounds
26 and
27 showed selectivity toward melanoma cell lines than for other cancer types. Both compounds exerted sub-micromolar IC
50 values over 7 (including A375P) and 6 melanoma cell lines, respectively.
In silico studies are also reported. ADME profiling,
in silico toxicity, drug-likeness, and drug-score data of compounds
26 and
27 are promising.
Synthesis of new imidazo2,1-
bthiazole derivatives is described. Their
in vitro anticancer activities against 61 human cancer cell lines and different
in silico studies are reported.
Display omitted
► Synthesis and
in vitro antiproliferative activities of new imidazo2,1-
bthiazoles are reported. ► Mean IC
50 of compounds
26 and
27 over NCI 9 melanoma cell lines was 1.40 and 0.79
μM, respectively. ►
26 and
27 were 4.25 and 4.14 times, respectively, more selective for melanoma than breast cancer. ► IC
50 values of
26 and
27 were in sub-micromolar range against 7 and 6 melanoma cell lines, respectively. ►
In silico studies were conducted for the best compounds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Capsaicin o/w nanoemulsions with enhanced skin permeation were successfully prepared by controlling the ratios of the surfactant mixtures, oleoresin capsicum as the oil phase, and aqueous phase. ...Oleoresin capsicum contains 22.67 mg/g of capsaicin, which is an active and oil-soluble ingredient. Nonionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Span 80, were used to optimize the weight ratio of surfactant mixtures (85.98:14.02) by calculating the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) value. The optimal processing conditions for stable nanoemulsions were investigated by using a ternary phase diagram. The mean droplet size of nanoemulsions ranged from 20 to 62 nm. Skin permeation studies were performed using a Franz diffusion cell. The permeation profiles and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images supported that capsaicin nanoemulsion could well permeate all skin layers from the stratum corneum to the dermis. The selected nanoemulsions showed great potential as transdermal delivery carriers for enhancing the permeation of core materials.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Significant design efforts were undertaken during the Pre-Concept Design (PCD) phase of the European DEMO program to optimize the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) breeding blanket. A gate review was ...conducted for the entire European DEMO program at the conclusion of the PCD phase. This article presents a summary of the design evolution and the rationale behind the HCPB breeding blanket concept for the European DEMO. The main performance metrics, including nuclear, thermal hydraulics, thermal mechanical, and tritium permeation behaviors, are reported. These figures demonstrate that the HCPB breeding blanket is a highly effective tritium-breeding and robust driver blanket concept for the European DEMO. In addition, three alternative concepts of interest were explored. Furthermore, this article outlines the upcoming design and R&D activities for the HCPB breeding blanket during the Concept Design phase (2021–2027).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The metastatic process involves the migration and invasion of cancer cells throughout the body to produce secondary tumors at distant sites. Through of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer ...cells employ developmental processes to gain migratory and invasive properties. CD44 is the transmembrane adhesion receptor for Hyaluronan (HA) and plays a central role in the remodeling and degradation of HA that leads to cell migration, as well as to cancer invasion and metastasis. CD44 is highly expressed in primary and metastatic colon cancer but lowly expressed in normal tissues. We evaluated the impact of CD44 on EMT and invasion of colon cancer cells. The functional role of CD44 in EMT was determined by the overexpression or knockdown of CD44. CD44 was overexpressed by transfection with plasmid-RT-PCR product and knockdown of CD44 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of CD44 in SW480 colon cancer cells. Morphological changes were evaluated by confocal laser microscopy in the culture media. The expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin/N-cadherin/vimentin/fibronectin/actin/MMPs) and CD44/EGFR/PI3K-Akt signaling were evaluated using western blotting. The influence of EMT in tumor biology was assessed with proliferation, migration and invasion assays. EMT changes increased in CD44-overexpressing SW480 cells and decreased in CD44 knockdown cells. CD44 activation induced expression of EGFR and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K)/Akt and expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β). In terms of EMT markers, CD44 downregulated E-cadherin expression, upregulated N-cadherin, α-actin, vimentin, fibronectin and MT1-MMP, and inhibited the formation of the membrane-associated E-cadherin-β-catenin complex, which resulted in cell invasion and migration.
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