Abstract
To boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of hematite photoanodes, high temperature annealing has been widely applied to enhance crystallinity, to improve the interface ...between the hematite-substrate interface, and to introduce tin-dopants from the substrate. However, when using additional dopants, the interaction between the unintentional tin and intentional dopant is poorly understood. Here, using germanium, we investigate how tin diffusion affects overall photoelectrochemical performance in germanium:tin co-doped systems. After revealing that germanium is a better dopant than tin, we develop a facile germanium-doping method which suppresses tin diffusion from the fluorine doped tin oxide substrate, significantly improving hematite performance. The NiFeO
x
@Ge-PH photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 4.6 mA cm
−2
at 1.23 V
RHE
with a low turn-on voltage. After combining with a perovskite solar cell, our tandem system achieves 4.8% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (3.9 mA cm
−2
in NiFeO
x
@Ge-PH/perovskite solar water splitting system). Our work provides important insights on a promising diagnostic tool for future co-doping system design.
Objective
This study is a randomized experimental design study conducted to investigate the effect of task-oriented mental practice (TOMP) on upper limb function and coordination in chronic stroke ...patients.
Methods
A total of 34 chronic stroke patients participated in this study and were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) of 17 patients (TOMP) and a control group (CG) of 17 patients (task-oriented training). To measure the subject’s upper extremity function and coordination, the results of Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) of motor function (U/E) and co-coordination ratio (CCR) values calculated from the measurements of the BTS FreeEMG 300 were used.
Results
In the comparison before and after group intervention in terms of FMA, the EG showed significant changes in all items of FMA, but the CG showed significant changes only in the shoulder items (p < 0.05). In the comparison between groups, significant differences were observed only in the total score of FMA (p < 0.05). In terms of the CCR value, positive changes were found in the EG in all items except for the shoulder flexion, but negative changes were observed in all items in the CG.
Conclusion
It was confirmed that the TOMP applied in this study can have a positive effect on upper limb function and coordination in chronic stroke patients.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the sleep quality, pain, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) of outpatients with chronic stroke, and to examine their correlation. ...Participants and Methods This study was conducted on 42 outpatients with chronic stroke, and data on their sleep quality, pain, and instrumental activities of daily living were collected and analyzed using the survey measurement tools. Results The analysis shows significant correlations among the sleep quality, pain, and instrumental activities of daily living of the outpatients with chronic stroke. Conclusion The findings of this study confirmed that the sleep quality and pain of outpatients with chronic stroke was related with their capacities of instrumental activities of daily living.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of time-use intervention on the quality of life of outpatients with chronic stroke. Participants and Methods This study randomly allocated ...31 chronic stroke outpatients into an experimental group (n=16) and a control group (n=15). The experiment group was given general rehabilitative therapy three times per week for eight weeks, and time-use intervention through counselling once per week for eight weeks. The control group was given general rehabilitative therapy only for three times per week for eight weeks. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure the changes in the quality of life of the participants. Results After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the overall quality of life in comparison with the control group. Looking at specific categories, the experimental group showed significant improvements in the physical, spiritual, and environmental areas in contrast to the control group. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated the positive effects of time-use intervention on an improvement in the quality of life of outpatients with chronic stroke.
We report that metal ions (M: Sn4+ and Ti4+) and boron-codoped hematite photoanodes with an n–n+ homojunction showed significantly increased photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting activity with ...greatly reduced surface recombination. The secondary B-doping of broadly used M-doped hematite photoanodes not only suppresses the number of M+ ions, which inevitably cause electron–hole pair (EHP) recombination, but also generates an internal electric field for easy hole extraction. Taking advantage of these effects, the maximum length (500–600 nm) of hematite, which has the reported highest PEC performance, was increased to up to 900 nm in M:B-Fe2O, which in turn increased the active area of the photoanode. The M:B-Fe2O3 with a film thickness of 900 nm and a diameter of 122 nm converted the incident photons to EHPs with substantially reduced recombination and exhibited a photocurrent density of 1.92 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE. After loading inexpensive oxygen evolution reaction catalysts (FeOOH) on the surface of M:B-Fe2O3, the photocurrent density of FeOOH/M:B-Fe2O3 reached 2.35 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE. The cost-effective strategy of B-doping into M-doped hematite provides a straightforward way to address the M-doping-related negative effects, such as a high electron–hole recombination rate on the surface of hematite, and thus the critical length limitation of an ideal hematite photoanode, to potentially improve the performance of PEC devices.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Purpose The purpose of this research is to take a look at the influences of client-centered therapy on the level of everyday life performance, the level of satisfaction, and the quality of life of ...the chronic stroke patients. Subjects and Methods This research used client-centered therapy with two chronic stroke and hemiplegia patients as subjects. The therapy was carried out once a day, five times a week, for thirty minutes at a time for four weeks. Also, five kinds of training were included in the medical treatment programs which were organized after the initial Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM) evaluations. Evaluations were carried out before and after the mediation. Changes in the level of everyday life performance level of satisfaction were measured using the COPM, and changes in quality of life were measured using the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL). Results After the application of medical treatment, both subjects showed positive changes in terms of the level of everyday life performance, level of satisfaction, and quality of life. Conclusion Both subjects demonstrated improvements in all aspects of both outcome measurements which implied that a short client-centered therapy program could help chronic stroke patients improve some aspects of their life.
Abstract. Purpose This study aimed to determine the effects of task-oriented training on upper extremity function and performance of daily activities in chronic stroke patients with impaired ...cognition. Subjects and Methods In this study, 2 chronic hemiplegic stroke patients underwent task-oriented training. The training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, 5 times/week, for 2 weeks. The patients were evaluated 3 times before and after the task-oriented training. Changes in upper extremity function were assessed using the manual function test, and changes in the ability to carry out daily activities were assessed using the functional independence measure. Results The patients showed improvement in both the upper extremity function and ability to perform daily activities after task-oriented training. Conclusion Task-oriented training was proven effective in improving upper extremity function and ability to perform daily activities in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients with impaired cognition.
Purpose We examined the improvement of hand function and activities of daily living in stroke patients after carrying out task-oriented training. Subjects Thirty-two patients who had been diagnosed ...with stroke and underwent rehabilitation therapy participated in the task-oriented training. Methods The participants carried out task-oriented training for 30 min per day for 4 weeks. Their hand function and activities of daily living were evaluated before and after the training. Results The task-oriented training had a significant impact in terms of improving hand function and activities of daily living. Conclusion According to the results of this study, task-oriented training resulted in improved hand function and activities of daily living in stroke patients.
Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify general characteristics of occupational therapists in Korea and to investigate the present conditions of their work-related musculoskeletal disorders ...(WRMD) in order to present preliminary data for its prevention and directions for improvement. Subjects and Methods This study was conducted by performing a survey about WRMD among 95 occupational therapists working in Korea. Frequency analysis was conducted for the work-related general characteristics of subjects and for parts of the body with musculoskeletal disorder, and a χ2 test was used to analyze the association between the presence of WRMD characteristics and each general characteristic. Results The parts of the body involved the most were the shoulders, hands, and neck (in decreasing order), and the work-related general characteristics shown to be associated with WRMD were the gender and the mean length of employment period. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that occupational therapists in Korea were extremely vulnerable to WRMD, and that realistic measures should be prepared swiftly for its prevention and treatment.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of First‐Person Perspective Action Observation training and Third‐Person Perspective Action Observation training on upper extremity function ...and activities of daily living of patients with stroke‐induced hemiplegia.
This was a single‐blind randomized study of 20 stroke patients (more than 6 months after the incident stroke) with upper extremity disabilities. The subjects who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups: First‐Person Perspective Action Observation training group and Third‐Person Perspective Action Observation training group. The measurements were performed using Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and Korean Modified Barthel Index (K‐MBI) and Motor Activity Log (MAL).
The results of this study showed statistically significant differences (p < .05) in the upper extremity function and activity of daily living after the intervention in all two groups. Upon comparison of the amount of change between the experimental group and the control group, there was significant difference in upper extremity function and activity of daily living (p < .05).
Action Observation training was found to have an effect on the upper extremity function and activity of daily living on chronic stroke patients. First‐Person Perspective Action Observation training was more effective in improving upper limb function and activity of daily living than the Third‐Person Perspective Action Observation training.
This study is a clinical trial study to investigate the effects of first‐person action observation training and third‐person action observation training on upper extremity function and daily living performance of stroke patients.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
