In this study, the radiation process in the Korean Integrated Model (KIM) is modified to calculate the cloud radiative forcing keeping a physical consistency with the microphysics, convection, and ...cloudiness schemes in an aspect of hydrometeor. A formula to calculate effective radii of cloud water in radiation scheme of the KIM is modified to be consistent with that in the microphysics scheme and the radiative effect of a subgrid-scale hydrometeor is considered along with convective parameterization and cloudiness schemes. The impacts of these modifications on radiation and precipitation are diagnosed via an observation comparison, and a detailed analysis of these impacts is conducted. Especially, the contrasting feedback of the subgrid-scale hydrometeor on precipitation over the land and the ocean is separately discussed.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a biolipid that has diverse biological activities implicated in ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Previous studies have shown the critical role of the ...Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in LPA-induced ovarian cancer progression. However, detailed underlying mechanism by which the Rho/ROCK pathway induces ovarian cancer cell invasion is still incompletely understood. In the present study, we observed that the Rho/ROCK pathway is implicated in the production of proteolytic enzymes, leading to LPA-induced ovarian cancer cell invasion. LPA induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in CAOV-3 and PA-1 cells and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression in SKOV-3 cells. LPA-induced proteolytic enzyme expression was required for the invasion of ovarian cancer cells expressing corresponding enzymes. Pretreatment of cells with a pharmacological inhibitor of Rho/ROCK (Y-27632) or overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rho (Rho N19) profoundly inhibited LPA-induced proteolytic enzyme expression as well as the invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, transfection with dominant-negative Ras (Ras N17) significantly inhibited LPA-induced Rho activation as well as MMP-9 and uPA expression. Consistently, Y-27632 reduced LPA-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation that is critical for proteolytic enzyme expression and cellular invasion. Collectively, we demonstrate a mechanism by which LPA promotes ovarian cancer progression through coordinate activation of a Ras/Rho/ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway and the proteolytic enzyme secretion, providing novel biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer cell progression.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Although information technology is becoming a vital part of the workplace of skilled professionals, it is unclear what factors contribute to its acceptance by them. Building upon and integrating the ...key findings of three closely related theoretical paradigms (the technology acceptance model, the theory of planned behavior, and innovation diffusion theory), we developed a more complete, coherent, and unified model and tested the resulting model in the context of PDA acceptance by healthcare professionals. Using LISREL, data collected from 222 physicians in the U.S. were tested against the model; it explained 57% of the physician's intention to accept an innovation, with good model fit. Our study produced useful insights into the factors that influence technology acceptance decisions by professionals and provided new ideas in the understanding of user acceptance of technology.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We report that defect-free Au nanowires show superplasticity on tensile deformation. Evidences from high-resolution electron microscopes indicated that the plastic deformation proceeds layer-by-layer ...in an atomically coherent fashion to a long distance. Furthermore, the stress–strain curve provides full interpretation of the deformation. After initial superelastic deformation, the nanowire shows superplastic deformation induced by coherent twin propagation, completely reorientating the crystal from to . Uniquely well-disciplined and long-propagating atomic movements deduced here are ascribed to the superb crystallinity as well as the radial confinement of the Au nanowires.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Ga-doped CdS thin films, with different Ga/Cd ratios, were grown using chemical bath deposition. The effect of Ga-doping on optical properties and bandgap of CdS films is investigated. Resistivity, ...carrier density, and mobility of doped films were acquired using Hall effect measurements. Crystal structure as well as crystal quality and phase transition were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Film morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy, while film chemistry and binding states were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A minimum bandgap of 2.26
eV was obtained at Ga/Cd ratio of 1.7
×
10
−2. XRD studies showed Ga
3+ ions entering the lattice substitutionally at low concentration, and interstitially at high concentration. Phase transition, due to annealing, as well as induced lattice defects, due to doping, were detected by Micro-Raman spectroscopy. The highest carrier density and lowest resistivity were obtained at Ga/Cd ratio of 3.4
×
10
−2. XPS measurements detect an increase in sulfur deficiency in doped films.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
The catalog of km-sized near-Earth objects (NEOs) is nearly complete. Typical impact monitoring analyses search for possible impacts over the next 100 yr and none of the km-sized objects ...represent an impact threat over that time interval. Assessing the impact risk over longer timescales is a challenge since orbital uncertainties grow. To overcome this limitation we analyze the evolution of the minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID), which bounds the closest possible encounters between the asteroid and the Earth. The evolution of the MOID highlights NEOs that are in the vicinity of the Earth for longer periods of time, and we propose a method to estimate the probability of a deep Earth encounter during these periods. This metric is used to rank the km-sized catalog in terms of their long-term impact hazard to identify targets of potential interest for additional observation and exploration.
The incidence and clinical aspects of seizures remain to be elucidated in patients with
acute pesticide intoxication. The present study included subjects who ingested pesticide
with the intention of ...committing suicide and were treated at Soonchunhyang University
Hospital (Cheonan, Korea) between January 2011 and December 2014. We analyzed the
incidence and characterized the type and frequency of seizure, from the medical records of
464 patients with acute pesticide intoxication, according to the pesticide class. The
effect of seizure on the clinical outcome was assessed. The incidence of seizure was 31.5%
in patients who ingested glufosinate ammonium {2-amino-4-hydroxyl (methyl) phosphinoyl
butyrate; ammonium DL-homoalanin-4-yl (methyl) phosphinate}, followed by those who
ingested pyrethroid (5.9%) or glycine derivatives (5.4%). All of the seizures developed
between 12 and 24 h of pesticide ingestion and had ceased by 72 h after seizure
initiation, following treatment with antiseizure medication. Generalized tonic–clonic
seizures were the most commonly observed (85.7% of the cases). Multivariable logistic
regression analysis showed that the effect of seizure on mortality was not statistically
significant. In conclusion, glufosinate ammonium herbicide is the most common seizurogenic
pesticide class. Seizure itself was not a risk factor for mortality in patients with acute
glufosinate ammonium intoxication.
In this article, we investigate the vehicle routing problem with deadlines, whose goal is to satisfy the requirements of a given number of customers with minimum travel distances while respecting ...both of the deadlines of the customers and vehicle capacity. It is assumed that the travel time between any two customers and the demands of the customer are uncertain. Two types of uncertainty sets with adjustable parameters are considered for the possible realizations of travel time and demand. The robustness of a solution against the uncertain data can be achieved by making the solution feasible for any travel time and demand defined in the uncertainty sets. We propose a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition approach, which enables the uncertainty of the data to be encapsulated in the column generation subproblem. A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to solve the subproblem with data uncertainty. The results of computational experiments involving two well-known test problems show that the robustness of the solution can be greatly improved.
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Salmonella remains a prominent cause of foodborne illnesses and can originate from a wide range of food products. Given the continued presence of pathogenic Salmonella in food production ...systems, there is a consistent need to improve identification and detection methods that can identify this pathogen at all stages in food systems. Methods for subtyping have evolved over the years, and the introduction of whole genome sequencing and advancements in PCR technologies have greatly improved the resolution for differentiating strains within a particular serovar. This, in turn, has led to the continued improvement in Salmonella detection technologies for utilization in food production systems. In this review, the focus will be on recent advancements in these technologies, as well as potential issues associated with the application of these tools in food production. In addition, the recent and emerging research developments on Salmonella detection and identification methodologies and their potential application in food production systems will be discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The effect of using two representations of the normal-to-surface magnetic field to calculate photospheric measures that are related to the active region (AR) potential for flaring is presented. ...Several AR properties were computed using line-of-sight (
B
los
) and spherical-radial (
B
r
) magnetograms from the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) products of the
Solar Dynamics Observatory
, characterizing the presence and features of magnetic polarity inversion lines, fractality, and magnetic connectivity of the AR photospheric field. The data analyzed correspond to
≈
4
,
000
AR observations, achieved by randomly selecting 25% of days between September 2012 and May 2016 for analysis at 6-hr cadence. Results from this statistical study include: i) the
B
r
component results in a slight upwards shift of property values in a manner consistent with a field-strength underestimation by the
B
los
component; ii) using the
B
r
component results in significantly lower inter-property correlation in one-third of the cases, implying more independent information as regards the state of the AR photospheric magnetic field; iii) flaring rates for each property vary between the field components in a manner consistent with the differences in property-value ranges resulting from the components; iv) flaring rates generally increase for higher values of properties, except the Fourier spectral power index that has flare rates peaking around a value of
5
/
3
. These findings indicate that there may be advantages in using
B
r
rather than
B
los
in calculating flare-related AR magnetic properties, especially for regions located far from central meridian.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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