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•Pd nanoparticle decorated SnO2 nanowires are fabricated.•Ppm scale hydrogen sensing properties are measured using Pd/SnO2 nanowires.•Sensing properties are optimized to manipulate ...the number of decorated Pd nanoparticles.•Enhanced sensing response of Pd/SnO2 nanowires are discussed using energy band diagram.
Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires were synthesized to fabricate a highly selective and sensitive hydrogen gas sensor. The SnO2 nanowires were synthesized via a vapor–liquid–solid process, and Pd nanoparticles were decorated by a UV irradiation process using 1 mM PdCl2 solution to improve the hydrogen sensing properties of SnO2 nanowires. To generate Pd nanoparticles on the surface of SnO2 nanowires, 254 nm UV light was irradiated on SnO2 nanowires that were immersed in PdCl2 aqua solution, and the irradiation time was manipulated to control the number of Pd nanoparticles. The Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires showed different hydrogen sensing responses followed by quantity of Pd nanoparticles, and the response of the optimum number of Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires was 12.7 times that of bare-SnO2 nanowires when exposed 100 ppm of hydrogen gas. Furthermore, the selectivity of this nanowire-based sensor also improved as the Pd nanoparticles were decorated. The SnO2 nanowires exhibited similar sensing responses to several gases, but the hydrogen sensing response increased significantly after Pd nanoparticle decoration. In this case, the sensing response to hydrogen was 5 times higher than that of ethanol gas that showed the second-best response to the sensor. This improvement resulted from the catalytic effect of Pd nanoparticles and the formation of Schottky junctions between Pd nanoparticles and SnO2 nanowires. The mechanisms of the improved hydrogen sensing response of Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires were discussed, and the optimum quantity of Pd nanoparticles required to obtain the best hydrogen sensing properties was discussed in this research.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a valuable platform chemical that can be produced biologically from glucose or glycerol. This review article provides an overview and the current status of microbial ...3-HP production. The constraints of microbial 3-HP production and possible solutions are also described. Finally, future prospects of biological 3-HP production are discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Hydrogen gas is utilized in various industrial fields, and its utility in modern life is becoming a reality since the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, hydrogen gas is extremely ...explosive at room temperature and requires cautious handling. Herein, a ZnO nanotube sensor was fabricated via a three step process; this sensor exhibited high response and selectively detected hydrogen gas owing to its large surface area and grain boundaries. The response of this sensor was quantified as 139.11 when 1000 ppm H2 gas was supplied to the sensor. A porous ZnO nanotube sensor was fabricated and the mechanism by which enhanced hydrogen sensing is achieved was evaluated.
•Porous ZnO nanotubes are fabricated by sputtering and thermal calcination process using PVA nanofiber.•High-response and selective hydrogen sensor is fabricated using ZnO nanotubes.•ZnO nanotube sensor which have wall of slightly thicker than two times of Debye length reveals best sensing performance.•.Sensing mechanisms of ZnO nanotube sensor can be explained by surface area, space charge region, and potential barrier.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This study examined the gas sensing mechanism of multiple networked core–shell nanowire sensors. The ethanol gas sensing properties of In2O3/ZnO core–shell nanowires synthesized by the thermal ...evaporation of indium powder in an oxidizing atmosphere followed by the atomic layer deposition of ZnO were examined as an example. The pristine In2O3 nanowires and In2O3-core/ZnO-shell nanowires exhibited responses of ∼30% and ∼196%, respectively, to 1000 ppm ethanol at 300 °C. The response of the core–shell nanostructures to ethanol also showed a strong dependence on the shell layer width. The strongest response to ethanol was obtained with a shell layer thickness of ∼44 nm corresponding to 2λD, where λD is the Debye length of ZnO. The enhanced sensing properties of the core–shell nanowires toward ethanol can be explained based on the potential barrier-controlled carrier transport model combined with the surface depletion model; the former is predominant over the latter.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Cr2O3 nanoparticle-anchored SnO2 nanowires are synthesized to fabricate highly sensitive and selective ethanol gas sensor. SnO2 nanowires are synthesized by vapor-liquid-solid method as a gas ...detection material, and Cr2O3 nanoparticles are anchored to SnO2 nanowires to improve sensing properties. Anchoring Cr2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized to deep the SnO2 nanowire sample to chromium oxide colloid gel, and anneal this sample at 500°C, in a vacuum atmosphere. This hybrid structured sensor presents 4 times improved ethanol sensing response compared with as-synthesized SnO2 nanowires when exposed to 100ppm ethanol gas in 300°C. Furthermore, sensing selectivity of ethanol versus other volatile organic compound (VOC) gas is also drastically improved. Generally, nanostructured SnO2 is known as very sensitive material to chemical gas, but it is hard to apply to commercial gas sensor since its extremely low selectivity. However, using this hybrid structured sensor, highly sensitive and selective ethanol sensor can be fabricated. This improvement of ethanol sensing properties can be explained that variation of energy bandgap of homojunction between n-SnO2 and n-SnO2 and heterojunction between n-SnO2 and p-Cr2O3 of nanowires. Furthermore, catalytic properties of this hybrid structure nanowire make selectivity of sensor improved.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Vegetable drinks offer a convenient way to increase the daily intake of vegetables containing vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber. In this study, we discovered that mungbean milk serves as a ...carbohydrate source during fermentation using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and enhances the nutritional value of vegetable yoghurt. Mungbean milk reduces pH while titratable acidity increases faster than soybean milk during fermentation. M0S, Soybean milk 100% with added sucrose exhibited the highest titratable acidity after 16 h of fermentation. The acetic acid content of all samples did not show significant changes during fermentation, but the lactic acid content increased. Proximate analysis showed no significant change during fermentation, regardless of the fermentation time and mixing ratio of mungbean to soybean milk. The sucrose content of samples except M0S decreased after 16 h of fermentation. Mungbean milk exhibited high antioxidant activity both before and after fermentation, while M0S showed the lowest antioxidant activity. The results of this study demonstrated the potential application of mungbean milk to improve fermented vegetable drinks using LAB functionally. Fermented mungbean milk yoghurt can be a valuable addition to a healthy and balanced diet for those who consume plant-based diets.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized In2O3 nanowires are synthesized by spin coating and a thermal annealing process using In2O3 nanowires synthesized by VLS mechanism and hydrothermally synthesized ...TiO2 nanoparticles. This sensor exhibits high performance acetone gas detection at low temperatures and ethanol gas detection at high temperatures. Sub-ppm scale acetone gas detection is important when diagnosing diabetes since exhaled breath contains approximately 1.8–10 ppm of acetone gas for diabetes sufferers, whereas it contains under 0.8 ppm of acetone gas for those without diabetes. Some kinds of sensing factors are controlled to enhance the sensing performance of acetone sensors using TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized In2O3 nanowires. In this research, we fabricate an acetone sensor which has good selectivity and responses, and research its sensing mechanisms.
•TiO2 NPs functionalized In2O3 NWs are fabricated.•Ethanol and acetone gas sensing responses are measured using this sensor.•Acetone sensing response using this sensor is shown best results at 250 °C.•Sensing mechanisms are explained by SCR, energy barrier, and catalytic effect.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Introducing a groundbreaking solution, a room-temperature (RT, 25 °C) gas sensor addresses complexities in conventional sensors, promising enhanced performance. Synthesized through hydrothermal and ...thermal calcination processes, SnO2 hollow nanospheres (HNs) are integrated with In2O3 components to bolster sensing capabilities. The sensor detects triethylamine (TEA) gas upon UV light irradiation, owing to its unique surface properties and SnO2–SnO2 and SnO2–In2O3 homo- and heterojunctions. This results in unparalleled sensitivity to TEA gas (Ra/Rg = 34–100 ppm) and an exceptional limit of detection (3.98 ppt), attributed to photo-ionized O2− ions' heightened reactivity. The study proposes superior sensors backed by comprehensive analyses, demonstrating their performance improvements and underlying mechanisms. The optimized sensor design, based on In2O3-appended SnO2 HNs, presents exceptional selectivity, pattern recognition for low TEA gas concentrations, humidity resistance, and reliability under UV irradiation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by infection and represents a substantial global health burden. Recent epidemiological studies showed that sepsis mortality rates have decreased, but ...that the incidence has continued to increase. Although a mortality benefit from early-goal directed therapy (EGDT) in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock was reported in 2001, three subsequent multicenter randomized studies showed no benefits of EGDT versus usual care. Nonetheless, the early administration of antibiotics and intravenous fluids is considered crucial for the treatment of sepsis. In 2016, new sepsis definitions (Sepsis-3) were issued, in which organ failure was emphasized and use of the terms "systemic inflammatory response syndrome" and "severe sepsis" was discouraged. However, early detection of sepsis with timely, appropriate interventions increases the likelihood of survival for patients with sepsis. Also, performance improvement programs have been associated with a significant increase in compliance with the sepsis bundles and a reduction in mortality. To improve sepsis management and reduce its burden, in 2017, the World Health Assembly and World Health Organization adopted a resolution that urged governments and healthcare workers to implement appropriate measures to address sepsis. Sepsis should be considered a medical emergency, and increasing the level of awareness of sepsis is essential.
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