This book focuses, for the first time ever, on the protection roles of human rights NGOs since the establishment of the United Nations and the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. ...It also looks at how NGOs are responding to future challenges such as artificial Intelligence, robots in armed conflicts, digital threats, and the protection of human rights in outer space. Written by leading NGO human rights practitioners from different parts of the world, it sheds light on the multiple roles of the leading pillar of the global human rights movement, the Non-Governmental Organizations.
Conditions that cause the loss of epithelial barrier integrity are often accompanied by dysregulation of tight junction protein expression and/or localization. Recently, we have reported that ...patients with mutations in
, the gene encoding the basolateral Na
-K
-2Cl
cotransporter (NKCC1), suffer from severe gastrointestinal deficits, including chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, and constipation. Although the intestinal inflammation observed in patients with loss of NKCC1 function may or may not be due to tight junction dysfunction, we investigated whether the loss of NKCC1 function affects paracellular ion transport and epithelial barrier function. Wild-type HT29-MTX-E12 and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NKCC1 knockout (KO) HT29 clones were tested for tight junction protein expression and localization. Tightness of epithelial cell monolayer was assessed by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability of molecular tracers in transwell filters. Tight junction protein localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. Loss of NKCC1 expression strongly increases the expression of claudin-2 and occludin in epithelial cell monolayers. Loss of NKCC1 significantly reduces the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) indicating an increase in paracellular ions flux, consistent with upregulation of the cation-selective and channel-forming claudin-2. In addition, NKCC1-KO monolayers showed a significant increase in the paracellular flux of small molecules like fluorescein (0.33 kDa), whereas the permeability of higher molecular weight TRITC-Dextran (4 kDa and 70 kDa) remained unchanged. Thus, NKCC1 regulates tight junction protein expression and loss of NKCC1 function affects epithelial barrier integrity.
The Sycamore Tree course has been introducing restorative justice principles and working restoratively in prisons across the country with short- and long-term offenders, men, women, and young people, ...to great effect since 1998. Sycamore Tree was introduced to prisons in England and Wales at HMP The Mount and since its inception it has reached over 22,000 offenders and currently runs in over 40 prisons and YOIs and is in early stage development for delivery to 15-18-year-olds.
The body mass index (BMI) is an imperfect clinical measure of obesity that should be used in conjunction with other valid measures of weight-related risk. We studied whether there is a superior ...measure of obesity-related comorbidities.
Records of bariatric clinic patients who had an abdominal computed tomography (CT) within 1 year of visit were reviewed. The presence of obesity-related comorbidities was determined at the time of the scan. BMI and ponderal index (PI) were calculated, and CT scans were reviewed to determine the visceral cross-sectional area (VCSA), subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area (SFCSA), and liver volume (LV). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test.
A higher number of comorbidities were found to be associated with a larger BMI (P = .011), VCSA (P = .014), SFCSA (P = .007), and LV (P = .014), but not a larger PI (P = .11). Of the 16 comorbidities assessed, VCSA and LV were associated with more than BMI and SFCSA. However, each measure could be associated with different comorbidities. A higher BMI was associated with increased insulin use (P = .034), hypertension (P = .007), and history of obstructive sleep apnea (P = .015), none of which were associated with PI. BMI and PI were the only measures associated with a history of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (both P < .01). Only SFCSA was found to be associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (P = .029). VCSA (P = .038) and LV (P = .001) were associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
No measure could account for all obesity-related comorbidities, implying the need for targeted measurements. However, PI was the least effective measure.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
ABSTRACTOne hundred thirteen patients with gonococcal and chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease were reviewed at 2 Canadian sexually transmitted infection clinics. Most patients (81%) with pelvic ...inflammatory disease were diagnosed as having chlamydia alone. Three treatment failures were seen in patients treated with ofloxacin.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
The implementation of express testing in an sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic reduced the length of visit time compared with other visit types and increased the proportion of STIs diagnosed ...at clinic visits. Express testing did not impact the time to treatment for asymptomatic patients diagnosed as having an STI.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection among men and women, determine the prevalence of gene mutations conferring resistance and compare test ...performance of female specimen types.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on specimens collected for gonorrhoea (NG, Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and chlamydia (CT, Chlamydia trachomatis) among male and female Alberta STI clinic attendees using the M. genitalium transcription-mediated amplification-research use only test. Positive specimens were sequenced for 23SrRNA, parC and gyrA genes. Gender-stratified analysis compared test results using χ2 or Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression. Female endocervical and urine specimens were compared.ResultsA total of 2254 individuals were tested; 53.8% (n=1212) were male. Male prevalence of MG was 5.3%; CT was 5.9% and NG was 1.8%. Correlates of male infection were a non-gonococcal urethritis diagnosis and NG coinfection. MG prevalence for women was 7.2%; CT was 5.8% and NG was 1.8%. Correlates of female infection were younger age, Indigenous/Other ethnicity and CT/NG coinfection. Nearly two-thirds of eligible specimens had mutations associated with macrolide resistance and 12.2% of specimens had a parC mutation signifying possible moxifloxacin resistance. There was high concordance (98.1%) of results between urine and endocervical swabs.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of MG relative to CT and NG supports the incorporation of MG testing into routine sexually transmissible infection screening. The high rate of resistance to macrolides and moxifloxacin raises concerns about treatment options. The good concordance of results between urine and endocervical swabs supports the use of female urine specimens for testing.
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