Green gram is responsive to irrigation and boron application. The field experiments comprising of three irrigation frequencies (I
1
= branching, I
2
= branching + flower initiation, and I
3
... = branching + flower initiation + pod development) and four borax levels (B
1
= soil applied at 10 kg/ha, B
2
= 0.2% foliar spray at branching, B
3
= 0.2% foliar spray at flowering, and B
4
= 0.2% foliar spray at branching + flowering) were conducted in a humid sub-tropical climate of India during two consecutive seasons of 2018 and 2019 to optimize irrigation and boron (B) requirements for the plant. Results showed that maximum growth and yield constituents were found in I
3
and B
4
. Mean maximum seed and stover yield and highest accumulation of N, P and K in plant and B in seed and stover were noticed in I
3
B
4
. Maximum water use efficiency (9.10 kg/ha-mm) was displayed in I
1
B
4
. Maximum nodulation was found in I
2
B
1
and I
3
B
1
. The highest gross return, net return and BCR were obtained in I
3
B
4
. Thus, irrigation at branching, flower initiation and pod development stage coupled with 0.2% B foliar application at branching and flowering stage was observed the as best treatment combination for deriving maximum growth, yield, yield constituents, nutrients uptake and economics of summer green gram.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
We have studied the properties of hot 234,236U and 240Pu nuclei in the framework of relativistic mean field formalism. The recently developed FSUGarnet and IOPB-I parameter sets are implemented for ...the first time to deform nuclei at finite temperature. The results are compared with the well known NL3 set. The said isotopes are structurally important because of the thermally fissile nature of 233,235U and 239Pu as these nuclei (234,236U and 240Pu) are formed after the absorption of a thermal neutron, which undergoes fission. Here, we have evaluated the nuclear properties, such as shell correction energy, neutron-skin thickness, quadrupole and hexadecapole deformation parameters and asymmetry energy coefficient for these nuclei as a function of temperature.
High‐resolution in situ measurements from the three Swarm spacecraft, in a string‐of‐pearls configuration, provide new insights about the combined role of flow channel events and particle impact ...ionization in creating F region electron density structures in the northern Scandinavian dayside cusp. We present a case of polar cap patch formation where a reconnection‐driven low‐density relative westward flow channel is eroding the dayside solar‐ionized plasma but where particle impact ionization in the cusp dominates the initial plasma structuring. In the cusp, density features are observed which are twice as dense as the solar‐ionized background. These features then follow the polar cap convection and become less structured and lower in amplitude. These are the first in situ observations tracking polar cap patch evolution from creation by plasma transport and enhancement by cusp precipitation, through entrainment in the polar cap flow and relaxation into smooth patches as they approach the nightside auroral oval.
Key Points
Novel technique using string‐of‐pearls spacecraft to resolve plasma dynamics
In situ Swarm observations of the creation and evolution of polar cap patches
Cusp ionization can dominate the creation and initial structuring of patches
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The relativistic mean field (RMF) model is considered as one of the best methods to study the nuclear system that has a high degree of isospin asymmetry and baryon density. In the present ...contribution, we take 25 well-known parameter sets of the RMF model to discuss the parametric dependence of the neutron and hyperon star properties. Various properties of the canonical star are discussed and only a few parameter sets are found to satisfy both the astrophysical and nuclear matter constraints. We add both φ and * strange mesons to the - - model. Effects of the φ-meson on the equation of state and maximum mass of the hyperon star are discussed in detail. φ-meson affects the threshold density of hyperon production and pushes the hyperon production to a higher density. Effects of the hyperon-meson coupling constants on the maximum mass-radius profile and strangeness content of the hyperon star are discussed in the - - -φ- * model.
Background:
Exercise may have beneficial effects on both well-being and walking ability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Exercise is shown to be neuroprotective in rodents and may also enhance cognitive ...function in humans. It may, therefore, be particularly useful for MS patients with pronounced neurodegeneration.
Objective:
To investigate the potential of standardized exercise as a therapeutic intervention for progressive MS, in a randomized-controlled pilot trial.
Methods:
Patients with progressive MS and moderate disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 4–6) were randomized to one of three exercise interventions (arm ergometry, rowing, bicycle ergometry) for 8–10 weeks or a waitlist control group. We analyzed the drop-out rate as a measure of feasibility. The primary endpoint of the study was aerobic fitness. Secondary endpoints were walking ability, cognitive function as measured by a neuropsychological test battery, depression and fatigue.
Results:
A total of 42 patients completed the trial (10.6% drop-out rate). Significant improvements were seen in aerobic fitness. In addition, exercise improved walking ability, depressive symptoms, fatigue and several domains of cognitive function.
Conclusion:
This study indicated that aerobic training is feasible and could be beneficial for patients with progressive MS. Larger exercise studies are needed to confirm the effect on cognition.
Trial Registration:
ISRCTN (trial number 76467492) http://isrctn.org
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We study the nuclear matter properties like symmetry energy, slope parameter, curvature, skewness and incompressibility for hybrid EoS. The hybrid EoS is constructed by combining the hadron phase ...with the quark phase. For the hadron phase, we use the recently proposed effective-field-theory motivated relativistic mean-field model (E-RMF) with different parameter sets. For the quark phase, we employ the simple Massachusetts Institute of Technology bag model with different bag constants. The mixed phase formed by the hadron-quark phase transition is studied using the Gibbs construction. The nuclear matter properties for hybrid EoS are calculated and their variation with the bag constant is determined. Star matter properties like mass and radius are also calculated for the obtained EoS.
Field studies were conducted during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 at the Gangetic alluvial plains of West Bengal, India, to assess the different levels of drip fertigation at variable evaporation ...replenishment compared to surface irrigation and conventional soil fertilization on yield, water use efficiency, and nutrients availability in plant and ratoon crop of banana. The experiment was laid in an Augmented Factorial Complete Block Design with three replications having three drip irrigation schedules at 50%, 60%, and 70% of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) and three drip fertigation schedules at 50%, 60%, and 80% of recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers with inclusion of conventional surface irrigation at 100% of IW/CPE. The results showed that fruit yield of plant and ratoon crop increased progressively with increasing levels of irrigation water (up to 60% CPE) and NPK fertigation through the drip system. However, maximum fruit yield and water use efficiency of crops was obtained with drip irrigation at 60% CPE with NPK fertigation at 80% of recommended dose. Drip irrigation, as a whole, registered higher fruit yields and water use efficiency with savings of 38.3-41.5% of water compared to surface irrigation. Availability of N, P, and K in soil at vegetative, shooting, and harvesting stages for plant and ratoon crop consistently increased with increasing rate of irrigation water and NPK fertigation through the drip system. Higher availability of macronutrients in soil was recorded with drip irrigation at 70% CPE with 80% of recommended drip NPK fertigation. Overall drip fertigation system improved the available plant nutrients in the soil as compared with traditional surface irrigation.
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