A rapid, sensitive, cost effective and reproducible first-order derivative spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of gefitinib in bulk and in its marketed formulation. Preliminary ...spectrophotometric determination of the drug was carried out in acetate buffer pH 2.8 and in 0.1 N HCl with a total of 20 parametric variations. The selected method with three parametric variations employing peak–zero (P–0) and peak–peak (P–P) techniques was assessed for stability indicating potential in force degraded solutions. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5–50 μg/mL with an excellent correlation coefficient (r
2
) of 0.999. The limits of assay detection values were found for the range from 1.69–3.75 μg/mL, and quantitation limits ranged from 5.11–12.71 μg/mL for the proposed method. The proposed method was applicable for the determination of the drug in its marketed tablet formulation, and percentage recovery was found for the range from 97.42 to 98.58%.
Vat dyeing at room temperature Patra, S. K.; Patra, A. K.; Ojha, P. ...
Cellulose (London),
09/2018, Volume:
25, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Traditionally, naturally extracted Indigo has been used for dyeing cotton. Amongst all the classes of dyes for cellulosic material, vat dyes are most widely used due to their excellent fastness ...properties. The vat dyeing process, depending upon the subclasses, has to go through reduction phase for solubilisation, dyeing and oxidation phases at specific conditions. Even with the advent of new techniques like the electrochemical and bacterial process, their industrial use is relatively limited. Prior investigation on bacterial reduction suggests only a few possible varieties of indigo-reducing bacteria, sources of most of which are still unknown. Also to implement this processes, they are required to be performed at higher temperatures. In the present study, we have developed a novel method of vatting and dyeing using bacterial cell lysate at room temperature followed by air oxidation. This paper also compares the newly proposed processing route with the existing conventional ones, and the experimental results have shown promising results regarding improvement in dye uptake, faster dyeing, and better levelness along with their fastness properties. Besides, the proposed process ensures energy saving, dye effluent load reduction and simplifies the existing process.
Graphical Abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We present a simple template-free method for the synthesis of interconnected hierarchical porous palladium nanostructures by controlling the aggregation of nanoparticles in organic media. The ...interaction between the nanoparticles is tuned by varying the dielectric constant of the medium consistent with DLVO calculations. The reaction products range from discrete nanoparticles to compact porous clusters with large specific surface areas. The nanoclusters exhibit hierarchical porosity and are found to exhibit excellent activity towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol and hydrogen oxidation. The method opens up possibilities for synthesizing porous clusters of other functional inorganics in organic media.
Abstract
The ground-state properties such as binding energy, root-mean-square radius, pairing energy, nucleons density distribution, symmetry energy, and single-particle energies are calculated for ...the isotopic chain of Ca, Sn, Pb, and Z = 120 nuclei. The recently developed G3 and IOPB-I forces along with the DD-ME1 and DD-ME2 sets are used in the analysis employing the relativistic mean-field approximation. To locate the magic numbers in the superheavy region and to explain the observed kink at neutron number N = 82 for Sn isotopes, a three-point formula is used to see the shift of the observable and other nuclear properties in the isotopic chain. Unlike the electronic configuration, due to strong spin-orbit interaction, the higher spin orbitals are occupied earlier than the lower spin, causing the possible kink at the neutron magic numbers. We find peaks at the known neutron magic number with the confirmation of sub-shell, shell closure respectively at N = 40, 184 for Ca and
304
120.
We investigate the rate at which the open drift paths in the near‐Earth magnetosphere convert to closed paths during events with a sudden northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF ...Bz) after the peak of a geomagnetic storm. The geomagnetic storm on 17 August 2001 with an abrupt turning of the IMF Bz after the peak in SYM‐H index is chosen in this study. The Block‐Adaptive‐Tree Solar‐Wind Roe‐Type Upwind Scheme model along with the Fok Ring Current (FRC) model available at Community Coordinated Modeling Center is used to model this event. The unique movie maps of the worldwide magnetometer stations are used to compare with the numerical results. The results indicate that ground magnetic disturbance remains asymmetric for some time after the start of the recovery phase even for a storm with abrupt northward turning of the IMF Bz. FRC simulation results suggest that the flow‐out losses decrease under weakened magnetospheric convection but at a rate slower than the change in IMF Bz. These results indicate that the flow‐out losses rapidly become smaller as the IMF Bz turns northward during the early recovery phase of a storm and the contribution of the tail current to the SYM‐H index is important.
Key Points
Flow‐out losses early recovery
Magnetometer stations movie maps
Tail current is important
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work we will describe the technique of using an RF sweeping impedance probe (SIP) to measure the AC impedance of an electrically short monopole immersed in a plasma. We analyze the SIP ...measurements which are taken from the payload of the Storms sounding rocket, launched from Wallops Island, Virginia, in 2007. The scientific objective of the Storms mission was to concentrate on whether density irregularities observed in midlatitude spread F could arise from ionospheric coupling to terrestrial weather. As such, independent measurements of the electron density profile are crucial. Since the inherent nature of the SIP technique makes it relatively insensitive to errors introduced through spacecraft charging, probe contamination, and other DC effects, it is an ideal instrument to employ under disturbed plasma conditions. The instrument measures both the magnitude and phase of the AC impedance from 100 kHz to 20 MHz in 128 frequency steps, performing 45,776 sweeps over the entire flight. From these measurements we infer both the absolute electron density ne and the electron neutral collision frequencies νen throughout the flight trajectory. The SIP data can be approximately analyzed using a fluid formulation and thin sheath approximation particularly at altitudes below 200 km, which allows us to match the measurements to quasi‐static analytical formulas. At about 265 km on the upleg, the magnitude data transitioned to a highly damped response with increasing altitude. The phase data, on the other hand, continued to indicate increased plasma density and reduced collisionality as expected. For a large portion of the flight, the payload of the Storms mission exhibited an uncontrolled coning motion, making the local magnetic field orientation with respect to the dipole difficult to decipher. Despite these difficulties, we were able to obtain robust estimates of the electron density profile, using the phase information from each sweep. In addition, the electron neutral collision frequency obtained from matching to phase data alone was on the correct order of magnitude with respect to Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter‐Extended model values in the ionosphere between 100 km and 150 km.
Key Points
RF sweeping impedance magnitude and phase measurements analyzed
A transition appears in the impedance measurements above 260 km
Using phase data alone, we obtained plasma parameters
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We have systematically studied the surface properties, such as symmetry energy, neutron pressure, and symmetry energy curvature coefficient for Ne, Na, Mg, Al, and Si nuclei from the proton to ...neutron drip lines. The coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM) is used to estimate these quantities taking the relativistic mean-field densities as inputs. The Brückner energy density functional is taken for the nuclear matter binding energy and local density approximation is applied for its conversion to coordinate space. The symmetry energy again decomposed to the volume and surface components within the liquid drop model formalism to the volume and surface parts separately. Before calculating the surface properties of finite nuclei, the calculated bulk properties are compared with the experimental data, whenever available. The NL3* parameter set with the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) pairing approach in an axially deformed framework is used to take care of the pairing correlation when needed. The deformed density is converted to its spherical equivalent with a two-Gaussian fitting, which is used as an input for the calculation of weight function in the CDFM approximation. With the help of the symmetry energy, the isotopes
29
F,
28
Ne,
29,30
Na, and
31,35,36
Mg are considered to be within the island of inversion (Han et al. Phys. Lett. B,
772
, 529 (2017). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.07.007). Although we get large symmetry energies corresponding to a few neutron numbers for this isotopic chain as expected, an irregular trend appears for all these considered nuclei. The possible reason behind this abnormal behavior of symmetry energy for these lighter mass nuclei is also included in the discussion, which gives a direction for future analysis.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims
In this present study, the utility of a newly developed loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real‐time PCR assays designed to amplify the virB gene region of Brucella melitensis was ...evaluated from human clinical specimens.
Methods and Results
Fifty‐four culture‐confirmed cases of brucellosis and 54 culture negative but clinically suspected cases of brucellosis were included in the study. Whole blood, serum and other nonblood specimens were collected and subjected to blood culture using automatic blood culture system, serological tests, LAMP assay and real‐time PCR. Overall sensitivities of LAMP and real‐time PCR assays were 67·5 and 68·3% respectively. For nonblood clinical specimens, we noticed a marked increase in the sensitivities of LAMP (88·9%) and real‐time PCR (100%) assays.
Conclusions
Performance of LAMP and real‐time PCR was not satisfactory for whole‐blood specimens because of the low abundance of bacteria or DNA. On the other hand, using nonblood specimens, both the assays showed higher sensitivity and specificity which makes them a good alternative for the rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The developed LAMP and real‐time PCR assays are a specific and rapid diagnostic tool for direct and early detection of Brucella in clinical specimens.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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