Context.
Most massive stars are believed to be born in close binary systems where they can exchange mass, which impacts the evolution of both binary components. Their evolution is of great interest ...in the search for the progenitors of gravitational waves. However, there are unknowns in the physics of mass transfer as observational examples are rare, especially at low metallicity. Nearby low-metallicity environments are particularly interesting hunting grounds for interacting systems as they act as the closest proxy for the early universe where we can resolve individual stars.
Aims.
Using multi-epoch spectroscopic data, we complete a consistent spectral and orbital analysis of the early-type massive binary SSN 7 hosting a ON3 If
*
+O5.5 V((f)) star. Using these detailed results, we constrain an evolutionary scenario that can help us to understand binary evolution in low metallicity.
Methods.
We were able to derive reliable radial velocities of the two components from the multi-epoch data, which were used to constrain the orbital parameters. The spectroscopic data covers the UV, optical, and near-IR, allowing a consistent analysis with the stellar atmosphere code, PoWR. Given the stellar and orbital parameters, we interpreted the results using binary evolutionary models.
Results.
The two stars in the system have comparable luminosities of log(
L
1
/
L
⊙
) = 5.75 and log(
L
2
/
L
⊙
) = 5.78 for the primary and secondary, respectively, but have different temperatures (
T
1
= 43.6 kK and
T
2
= 38.7 kK). The primary (32
M
⊙
) is less massive than the secondary (55
M
⊙
), suggesting mass exchange. The mass estimates are confirmed by the orbital analysis. The revisited orbital period is 3 d. Our evolutionary models also predict mass exchange. Currently, the system is a contact binary undergoing a slow Case A phase, making it the most massive Algol-like system yet discovered.
Conclusions.
Following the initial mass function, massive stars are rare, and to find them in an Algol-like configuration is even more unlikely. To date, no comparable system to SSN 7 has been found, making it a unique object to study the efficiency of mass transfer in massive star binaries. This example increases our understanding of massive star binary evolution and the formation of gravitational wave progenitors.
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Introduction
Family-based therapy (FBT) has been proven effective in treating eating disorders among children and adolescents. However, many families have difficulties implementing the measures ...recommended in outpatient therapy.
Objectives
This study examines the effectiveness of add-on home treatment (HT) to family based therapy (FBT) in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). The HT intervention is delivered by specialized nurses and aims at supporting patients and parents to re-establish family meals in the home environment.
Methods
We performed an case-control study in AN patients comparing 44 (42 female, 2 male) adolescents receiving FBT augmented with HT compared to 22 (22 female, 1 male) participants receiving FBT alone. Eating disorder diagnosis, psychopathology and severity of clinical symptoms were assessed using (EDE, EDI-2) and clinical parameters (BMI, menstrual status, level of over-exercising) at baseline and after 3-months.
Results
After 3 months both treatment groups showed a significant early weight gain, a reduction in the rate of AN diagnoses assessed with the EDE interview and a reduction in EDI-2 total scores. The combined HT/FBT group showed a significantly greater increase in BMI than the FBT-only group. In the combined HT/FBT group none of the patients had to be admitted to hospital while 13.6% of the FBT-only group had to be referred to inpatient treatment. Treatment satisfaction in the combined HT/FBT group was high in both patients and parents.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that HT augmented FBT is superior compared to FBT alone in terms of early weight gain and might reduce the risk of hospital admission in adolescent AN.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Gyphosate‐basedherbicides are among the most widely used pesticides in the world. We compared the acute toxicity of the glyphosate end‐use formulation Roundup Original® to four North American ...amphibian species (Rana clamitans, R. pipiens, R. sylvatica, and Bufo americanus) and the toxicity of glyphosate technical, the polyethoxylated tallowamine surfactant (POEA) commonly used in glyphosate‐based herbicides, and five newer glyphosate formulations to R. clamitans. For R. clamitans, acute toxicity values in order of decreasing toxicity were POEA > Roundup Original > Roundup Transorb® > Glyfos AU®; no significant acute toxicity was observed with glyphosate technical material or the glyphosate formulations Roundup Biactive®, Touchdown®, or Glyfos BIO®. Comparisons between the four amphibian species showed that the toxicity of Roundup Original varied with species and developmental stage. Rana pipiens tadpoles chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of POEA or glyphosate formulations containing POEA showed decreased snout‐vent length at metamorphosis and increased time to metamorphosis, tail damage, and gonadal abnormalities. These effects may be caused, in some part, by disruption of hormone signaling, because thyroid hormone receptor β mRNA transcript levels were elevated by exposure to formulations containing glyphosate and POEA. Taken together, the data suggest that surfactant composition must be considered in the evaluation of toxicity of glyphosate‐based herbicides.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
In the last ten to fifteen years, it has become common for researchers to collect both quantitative (Sue & Ritter, 2012) and qualitative data (Jowett, Peel, & Shaw, 2011) online. The ...Covid-19 pandemic has increased the importance of this process and accelerated it in many disciplines (Torrentira, 2022).
In addition to convenience, recent work suggests that online data collection may be more valid than face-to-face data collection for some populations. This would mean that online data collection may be the most valid and effective for this age group (Barratt, 2012).
Objectives
Adolescents with an eating disorder tend to be more open about their symptoms via impersonal online data collection than they are in a face-to-face conversation. Symptom underrating has been documented in face-to-face interviews, because “of feelings of shame elicited by the loss of anonymity during face to-face interviews” leading to face-to-face denial, whereas a self-report questionnaire allows for more privacy and hence honesty while answering questions (Berg et al. 2011). This is especially key in the diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), as AN patients minimize, deny, and/or fail to recognize their symptoms (Passi, Bryson and Lock 2003).
Given the benefits of collecting data online for both researchers and participants, it is important to determine the quality of the data collected online to guide its use and interpretation. More evidence is needed to confirm the equivalence of online and face-to-face interview data. The current study examines the equivalence of semi-structured interview data collected online versus original face-to-face interviews.
Methods
The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), assessing psychopathology of eating disorders, was administered to 49 adolescents meeting ICD 10 criteria for anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa. The same diagnostic interview was administered twice, once via face-to-face and once as an online version, within a week. Method order was counterbalanced among participants and temporal stability was controlled. The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) was used as a control variable.
Results
Both the equivalence test and the null hypothesis test were significant for the sum score of the EDE. Measures of psychopathology in eating disorders demonstrated equivalence across face-to-face and online format of the EDE.
Conclusions
The aim was to examine the equivalence of face-to-face and online methodologies, controlling for temporal change in the variable under investigation over one week and order of administration. Results demonstrate equivalence across face-to-face and online format of the EDE. These findings suggest that data obtained using EDE online can be interpreted in comparison with normative data obtained in the face-to-face Interview and that corrections trough transformations are not necessary.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
Weight stigma speaks Italian, too Muscogiuri, G.; Barrea, L.; Verde, L. ...
Journal of endocrinological investigation,
04/2023, Volume:
46, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Purpose
Weight stigma is the negative weight related attitudes and beliefs towards individuals because of their overweight or obesity. Subjects with obesity are often victim of weight-related stigma ...resulting in a significant negative social consequence. As obesity epidemic is growing so fast, there is urgency to act on weight-stigma related social consequences being potentially serious and pervasive. This study investigated experiences, interpersonal sources, and context of weight stigma in Italy in a sample of adult subjects with obesity.
Methods
An online questionnaire was distributed to respondents via a snowball sampling method among subjects with obesity belonging to Italian Associations for people living with obesity aged 18 years and above.
Results
Four hundred and three respondents (47.18 ± 9.44 years; body mass index (BMI) 33.2 ± 8.48 kg/m
2
) participated to the study. Most respondents were females (94.8%). The age first dieted was 15.82 ± 7.12 years.
The mean period of obesity was 27.49 ± 11.41 years. Frequency analyses reported that stigmatizing situations were experienced by 98% of participants: 94.82% during adulthood, 89.88% during adolescence and 75.39% during childhood. Verbal mistreatments (92.43%) was the most reported stigmatizing situation, strangers (92.43%) were the most common interpersonal sources of stigma and public settings (88.08%) were the most common location of stigma.
Conclusions
Identifying strategies acting on the identified weight stigma targets could contribute to reduce weight stigma and thus to result in important implications for obesity treatment in Italy.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Pesticides and pathogens adversely affect amphibian health, but their interactive effects are not well known. We assessed independent and combined effects of two agricultural herbicides and the ...fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) on the growth, development and survival of larval American toads (Anaxyrus americanus). Wild-caught tadpoles were exposed to four concentrations of atrazine (0.18, 1.8, 18.0, 180 μg/L) or glyphosate (7, 70, 700, 7000 µg a.e./L), respectively contained in Aatrex® Liquid 480 (Syngenta) or Vision® Silviculture Herbicide (Monsanto) for 14 days, followed by two doses of Bd. At day 14, atrazine had not affected survival, but it non-monotonically affected growth. Exposure to the highest concentration of glyphosate caused 100% mortality within 4 days, while lower doses had an increasing monotonic effect on growth. At day 65, tadpole survival was unaffected by atrazine and the lower doses of glyphosate. Neither herbicide demonstrated an interaction effect with Bd on survival, but exposure to Bd increased survival among both herbicide-exposed and herbicide-control tadpoles. At day 60, tadpoles exposed to the highest concentration of atrazine remained smaller than controls, indicating longer-term effects of atrazine on growth, but effects of glyphosate on growth disappeared. Growth was unaffected by any herbicide-fungal interaction but was positively affected by exposure to Bd following exposure to atrazine. Atrazine exhibited a slowing and non-monotonic effect on Gosner developmental stage, while exposure to Bd tended to speed up development and act antagonistically toward the observed effect of atrazine. Overall, atrazine, glyphosate and Bd all showed a potential to modulate larval toad growth and development.
•We assessed effects of atrazine or glyphosate and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) on larval toads (Anaxyrus americanus).•Atrazine slowed growth during the chemical exposure, as well as growth and development on the longer term, but not survival.•A high but environmentally relevant concentration of glyphosate caused 100% mortality of tadpoles within 4 days of exposure.•Exposure to Bd increased the survival of all tadpoles and increased growth among tadpoles previously exposed to atrazine.•Exposure to Bd also tended to speed up development and act antagonistically toward the slowing effect of atrazine.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Context.
Massive stars at low metallicity are among the main feedback agents in the early Universe and in present-day star forming galaxies. When in binaries, these stars are potential progenitors of ...gravitational-wave events. Knowledge of stellar masses is a prerequisite to understanding evolution and feedback of low-metallicity massive stars.
Aims.
Using abundant spectroscopic and photometric measurements of an outstandingly bright eclipsing binary, we compare its dynamic, spectroscopic, and evolutionary mass estimates and develop a binary evolution scenario.
Methods.
We comprehensively studied the eclipsing binary system, AzV 476, in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The light curve and radial velocities were analyzed to obtain the orbital parameters. The photometric and spectroscopic data in the UV and optical were analyzed using the Potsdam Wolf–Rayet (PoWR) model atmospheres. The obtained results are interpreted using detailed binary-evolution tracks including mass transfer.
Results.
AzV 476 consists of an O4 IV-III((f))p primary and an O9.5: Vn secondary. Both components have similar current masses (20
M
⊙
and 18
M
⊙
) obtained consistently from both the orbital and spectroscopic analysis. The effective temperatures are 42 kK and 32 kK, respectively. The wind mass-loss rate of log(
Ṁ
∕(
M
⊙
yr
−1
)) = −6.2 of the primary is a factor of ten higher than a recent empirical prescription for single O stars in the SMC. Only close-binary evolution with mass transfer can reproduce the current stellar and orbital parameters, including orbital separation, eccentricity, and the rapid rotation of the secondary. The binary evolutionary model reveals that the primary has lost about half of its initial mass and is already core helium burning.
Conclusions.
Our comprehensive analysis of AzV 476 yields a consistent set of parameters and suggests previous case B mass transfer. The derived stellar masses agree within their uncertainties. The moderate masses of AzV 476 underline the scarcity of bright massive stars in the SMC. The core helium burning nature of the primary indicates that stripped stars might be hidden among OB-type populations.
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Background
After the introduction of instruments for benchmarking, certification and a national guideline for acute pain management, the aim of this study was to describe the current structure, ...processes and quality of German acute pain services (APS).
Methods
All directors of German departments of anaesthesiology were invited to complete a postal questionnaire on structures und processes of acute pain management. The survey asked for staff, techniques and quality criteria, which enabled a comparison to previous data from 1999 and surveys from other countries.
Results
Four hundred and eight (46%) questionnaires were returned. APS have increased considerably and are now available in 81% of the hospitals, mainly anaesthesia based. However, only 45% fulfilled the minimum quality criteria, such as the assignment of personnel, the organization of patient care during nights and weekends, written protocols for postoperative pain management, regular assessments and documenting pain scores. Staff resources varied considerably, but increased compared to 1999. Two daily rounds were performed in 71%, either by physicians and nurses (42%), by physicians only (25%) or by supervised nurses (31%). Most personnel assigned to the APS shared this work along with other duties. Only 53% of the hospitals had an integrated rotation for training their specialty trainees.
Conclusions
The availability of APS in Germany and other countries has increased over the last decade; however, the quality of nearly half of the APS is questionable. Against the disillusioning background of recently reported unfavourable pain‐related patient outcomes, the structures, organization and quality of APS should be revisited.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Laboratory chronic exposures to VisionMax® affect metamorphosis of L. sylvaticus tadpoles.•Chronic exposure to VisionMax® decrease development rates and metamorphic success.•Exposure to VisionMax® ...alters the expression patterns of thyroid- and stress-related genes.•No effects of VisionMax® exposure on sex ratios or gonadal morphology were observed.•Further studies are needed to determine if long-term effects will be present during adulthood.
The purpose of this study was to determine if chronic exposure to the glyphosate-based herbicide VisionMax® affects the survival, development, growth, sex ratios and expression of specific genes involved in metamorphosis of wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus). We hypothesized that exposure to this herbicide will affect developmental rates by disrupting hormone pathways, sex ratios and/or gonadal morphology. Tadpoles were chronically exposed in the laboratory from Gosner developmental stage 25 to 42 to four different concentrations of VisionMax® (ranging from 0.021 to 2.9mg acid equivalents/L). Chronic exposures to VisionMax® had direct effects on the metamorphosis of L. sylvaticus tadpoles by decreasing development rates, however, there was a decrease in survival only in the group exposed to the highest dose of VisionMax® (2.9mga.e./L; from approximately 96% in the control group to 77% in the treatment group). There was a decrease in the number of tadpoles reaching metamorphic climax, from 78% in the control group to 42% in the VisionMax® (2.9mga.e./L) group, and a 7-day delay to reach metamorphic climax in the same treatment group. No effects of exposure on sex ratios or gonadal morphology were detected in tadpoles exposed to any of the concentrations of VisionMax® tested. Gene expression analyses in brain and tail tissues demonstrated that exposure to VisionMax® alters the expression of key genes involved in development. Results showed significant interaction (two-way ANOVA, P<0.05) between developmental Gosner stage and treatment in brain corticotropin-releasing factor, deiodinase type II (dio2) and glucocorticotiroid receptor (grII) and tail dio2 and grII. This demonstrates that mRNA levels may be differently affected by treatment depending on the developmental stage at which they are assessed. At the same time there was a clear dose–response effect for VisionMax® to increase thyroid hormone receptor β in tadpole brain (F(2,69)=3.475, P=0.037) and tail (F(2,69)=27.569, P<0.001), regardless of developmental stage. Interestingly, delays in development (or survival) were only observed in the group exposed to 2.9mga.e./L of VisionMax®, suggesting that tadpoles need to be exposed to a “threshold” concentration of glyphosate-based herbicide to exhibit phenotypic observable effects. We suggest that the upregulation of genes that trigger metamorphosis following VisionMax® herbicide exposure might result from a compensatory response for the delays in development observed. Further studies are needed to determine if disruption of expression of these key genes leads to long-term effects when metamorphs reach adult stages.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Anthropogenic-derived stressors in the environment, such as contaminants, are increasingly considered important cofactors that may decrease the immune response of amphibians to pathogens. Few ...studies, however, have integrated amphibian disease and contaminants to test this multiple-stressor hypothesis for amphibian declines. We examined whether exposure to sublethal concentrations of a glyphosate-based herbicide and two strains of the pathogenic chytrid fungus,
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
(
Bd
) could: (1) sublethally affect wood frogs (
Lithobates sylvaticus
) by altering the time to and size at metamorphosis, and (2) directly affect survivability of wood frogs after metamorphosis. Neither
Bd
strain nor herbicide exposure alone significantly altered growth or time to metamorphosis. The two
Bd
strains did not differ in their pathogenicity, and both caused mortality in post-metamorphic wood frogs. There was no evidence of an interaction between treatments, indicating a lack of herbicide-induced susceptibility to
Bd
. However, the trends in our data suggest that exposure of wood frogs to a high concentration of glyphosate-based herbicide may reduce
Bd
-caused mortality compared to animals exposed to
Bd
alone. These results exemplify the complexities inherent when populations are coping with multiple stressors. In this case, the perceived stressor, glyphosate-based herbicide, appeared to affect the pathogen more than the host's immune system, relieving the host from disease-caused effects. This suggests caution when invoking multiple stressors as a cause for increased disease susceptibility and indicates that the effects of multiple stressors on disease outcome depend on the interrelationships of stressors to both the pathogen and the host.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
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