During coral calcification in massive scleractinian corals, a double annual banding of different densities (high- and low-density) is formed in their skeletons, which can provide a retrospective ...record of growth and the influence of environmental conditions on the coral's lifespan. Evidence indicates that during the last decades, the reduction in coral calcification rate is attributed to the combination of global stress factors such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and local anthropic stressors. Yet, coral growth trajectories can vary between regions and coral species, where remote locations of coral reefs can act as natural laboratories, as they are far from the harmful effects of direct anthropogenic stressors. The present study reports historical chronology over a 24-year period (1992-2016) of coral extension rate (cm yr.sup.-1 ), skeletal density (g cm.sup.-3 ), and calcification rate (g cm.sup.-2 yr.sup.-1) of the reef-building coral Orbicella faveolata at the remote reef Cayo Arenas, Campeche Bank, in the south-eastern Gulf of Mexico. The relationships between the three sclerochronological features show that O. faveolata uses its calcification resources to build denser skeletons. Chronological trends indicate that coral extension increased, skeletal density and calcification rate decreased (33% calcification rate) over time. The results reveal that despite the remoteness of the locality the maximum SST has been increased, and the coral calcification rate decreased over time. If the temperature continues to rise, there is a conceivable risk of experiencing a decline in reef-building coral species. This scenario, in turn, could pose a significant threat, endangering not only the framework of coral reefs but also their ecological functionality, even within remote Atlantic reef ecosystems.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The abuse of older adults is a serious public health issue that can be difficult to identify at the first level of care. Medical and nursing personnel are sometimes unable to identify older adults ...who suffer family mistreatment. This can occur when victims feel shame or as a result of cultural factors. In the light of this, healthcare personnel require a screening tool that can be used to identify signs of mistreatment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a screening tool for detecting the familial mistreatment of older adults in primary care settings. A mixed method cross‐sectional study was carried out in three phases between 2009 and 2012 in Mexico. The formative phase involved using a qualitative methodology to identify terms that older adults use to identify practices defined as forms of mistreatment. On this basis, the second phase involved the design of a screening tool through the formation of items in collaboration with a panel of experts. These items were tested on older adults to ensure their intelligibility. Finally, validity and reliability levels were evaluated through the application of the screening tool to a sample of older adults at a primary care facility and at a legal centre. These findings were discussed with gerontologists, and the data were analysed through an exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation and Cronbach's alpha using STATA v13. From the results, we generated a screening tool that is culturally and socially tailored to older adults in Mexico. The tool has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89, a sensitivity value of 86% (p < .05) and a specificity value of 90% (p < .05) for positive answers to the tool's 15 items. Applying this tool at the first level of care could limit damage to older adults’ health and could lower the frequency of emergency room use in hospitals.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
El modelado de escenarios de cambios climáticos utilizando sistemas de información geográfica para estimar la resiliencia de la cobertura vegetal es una herramienta útil para proyectar impactos ...futuros e implementar estrategias de conservación o manejo. En el presente trabajo asociamos espacialmente la biodiversidad de la cobertura vegetal del Suroeste de México con su capacidad para adaptarse a los efectos del cambio climático. Para analizar esta asociación se estimaron índices de riqueza y diversidad de especies, y su relación con escenarios de clima futuro. Se utilizaron los registros geográficos del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos para ocho comunidades vegetales (arbórea, arbustiva, herbácea, palma, cactus, bejucos, helechos y xerófita) distribuidas entre Guerrero, Oaxaca y Chiapas. La proyección climática fue al 2050, con modelos de circulación global A2 (promedio CCCMA, HADCM3 y CSIRO), 19 variables bioclimáticas y una resolución de 2.5 minutos. Los escenarios de cambio climático se modelaron con el algoritmo MaxEnt y la riqueza de especies, índice de diversidad y regresiones espaciales con el software Diva-GIS v7.5. Los modelos de regresión espacial estimaron que a mayor riqueza y diversidad de especies mayor seria la resiliencia que mostraría el ecosistema. Las comunidades vegetales cactus, palma y xerófita mostraron mayor vulnerabilidad al cambio climático. Las variaciones en la estacionalidad de la temperatura resultó ser el factor que condicionaría su distribución futura. Por lo que, las estrategias de conservación o manejo deberían considerar a la diversidad como un agente del ecosistema que amortiguaría a los efectos negativos del clima futuro.
, an emerging opportunistic pathogen, is widely distributed in the environment the resistance mechanisms, and virulence factors of this bacterium facilitate its dissemination in hospitals. This study ...aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology of
strains associated with an outbreak in the Children's Hospital of México Federico Gómez (HIMFG). Twenty-one clinical
strains were recovered from cultures of blood and urine samples from 10 pediatric patients at the emergency department, and nine environmental
strains recovered from faucets in the same area were also included. Two of the 10 patients were related with health care-associated infections (HCAIs), and the other eight patients (8/10) were infected with environmental
strains. The outbreak was controlled by monthly disinfection of the faucets in the emergency department. Typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed a 52% genetic diversity with seven pulsotypes denoted P1-P7 among all
strains. Three pulsotypes (P2, P3, and P7) were identified among both the clinical and environmental
strains and associated with two type sequences (STs), namely, ST304 and ST24. Moreover, 80% (24/30) of the strains exhibited resistance mainly to tetracycline, 76.66% (23/30) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 23.33% (7/30) to the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. The main resistance genes identified by multiplex PCR were
in 100% (30/30),
in 86.66% (26/30), and
in 80% (24/30) of the samples, respectively. Furthermore, the
, and
genes were identified in 96.6% (29/30), 90% (27/30), and 83.33% (25/30) of the samples, respectively. Additionally, 76.66% (23/30) of the
strains exhibited high swimming motility, 46.66% (14/30) showed moderate biofilm formation capacity, 43.33% (13/30) displayed moderate twitching motility, and 20% (6/30) exhibited high adherence. The clinical
strains isolated from blood most strongly adhered to HTB-9 cells. In conclusion, the molecular epidemiology and some of the features such as resistance, and virulence genes associated with colonization patterns are pathogenic attributes that can promote
dissemination, persistence, and facilitate the outbreak that occurred in the HIMFG. This study supports the need for faucet disinfection as a control strategy for clinical outbreaks.
There is scarce research assessing the productivity of scientific articles on forestry topics. The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific production on forestry topics that originated ...in Mexico and were published in Mexican journals from 1996 to 2019 and to identify the causes that determine the impact factor of such publications and the space-time evolution of forestry research in Mexico. In addition, to analyze whether researchers tend to publish in journals published by their affiliation institutions. The study considered 2384 scientific articles from seven journals belonging to category VI of Biotechnology and Agricultural Sciences listed in the Journals Classification System by the National Council of Science and Technology that publishes forestry topics. Bibliometric indicators were generated through text mining and analysis of co-authorship networks. It was found that forestry research in Mexico from 1996 to 2019 presented exponential growth in the number of publications. Forestry scientific production was concentrated in the center of the country. It was dominated by researchers from three of 122 institutions: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (13.88%), Colegio de Postgraduados (12.50%), and Universidad Autonoma Chapingo (10.44%). The journals with the highest number of publications were: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales (26.51%), Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente (20.34%), and Madera y Bosques (18.88%). Results show that forestry researchers in Mexico published mostly in journals edited by their affiliation institutions, which restricts constructive criticism of peer review and increases academic endogamy. Also showed the need to generate more forestry research for the southeast of the country on topics such as climate change, carbon capture, forest biometry, and remote perception, which are relevant aspects when we consider that no published research evaluated the development of the forestry sector in Mexico.
During coral calcification in massive scleractinian corals, a double annual banding of different densities (high- and low-density) is formed in their skeletons, which can provide a retrospective ...record of growth and the influence of environmental conditions on the coral's lifespan. Evidence indicates that during the last decades, the reduction in coral calcification rate is attributed to the combination of global stress factors such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and local anthropic stressors. Yet, coral growth trajectories can vary between regions and coral species, where remote locations of coral reefs can act as natural laboratories, as they are far from the harmful effects of direct anthropogenic stressors. The present study reports historical chronology over a 24-year period (1992-2016) of coral extension rate (cm yr-1), skeletal density (g cm-3), and calcification rate (g cm-2 yr-1) of the reef-building coral Orbicella faveolata at the remote reef Cayo Arenas, Campeche Bank, in the south-eastern Gulf of Mexico. The relationships between the three sclerochronological features show that O. faveolata uses its calcification resources to build denser skeletons. Chronological trends indicate that coral extension increased, skeletal density and calcification rate decreased (33% calcification rate) over time. The results reveal that despite the remoteness of the locality the maximum SST has been increased, and the coral calcification rate decreased over time. If the temperature continues to rise, there is a conceivable risk of experiencing a decline in reef-building coral species. This scenario, in turn, could pose a significant threat, endangering not only the framework of coral reefs but also their ecological functionality, even within remote Atlantic reef ecosystems.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in neonates are frequent and highly lethal, in particular those caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. We evaluated the ...beneficial effects of ultraviolet C (UV-C) disinfection and copper adhesive plating on HCAIs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a third level paediatric hospital in Mexico City, both in combination of hand-hygiene (HH) and prevention bundles.
All NICU patients were included. There were 4 periods (P): P1: HH monitoring and prevention bundles; P2: P1+UV-C disinfection; P3: P2+Copper adhesive plating on frequent-contact surfaces and P4: Monitoring of P3 actions.
552 neonates were monitored during 15,467 patient days (PD). HCAI rates decreased from 11.03/1000 PD in P1 to 5.35/1000 PD in P4 (p=0.006). HCAIs with bacterial isolates dropped from 5.39/1000 PD in PI to 1.79/1000 PD in P4 (p=0.011). UV-C and copper were associated with significant HCAI prevention (RR 0.49, CI95% 0.30–0.81, p=0.005) and with lesser HCAIs with bacterial isolates (RR 0.33, CI95% 0.14–0.77, p=0.011).
Copper adhesive plating combined with UV-C disinfection were associated with a drop in HCAI rates and with the elimination of ESBL-caused HCAIs. Hence, we propose that these strategies be considered in MDRO proliferation preventions.
Las infecciones asociadas a la atención a la salud (IAAS) en neonatos son frecuentes y altamente letales, en particular las causadas por bacterias productoras de BLEE. Se evaluaron los efectos de la desinfección por UV-C y las placas adhesivas de cobre sobre las IAAS en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) de un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México, en combinación con higiene de manos (HM) y con paquetes de prevención.
Se incluyeron todos los pacientes de la UCIN. Hubo 4 periodos (P): P1: monitorización de HM y paquetes preventivos; P2: P1 + desinfección con UV-C; P3: P2 + recubrimiento con placas de cobre en superficies de alto contacto y P4: monitorización de acciones de P3.
Quinientos cincuenta y dos neonatos fueron monitoreados durante 15,467 días/paciente (DP). Las tasas de IAAS disminuyeron de 11,03/1.000 DP en P1 a 5,35/1.000 DP en P4 (p=0,006). Las IAAS con aislamiento bacteriano disminuyeron de 5,39/1.000 DP en P1 a 1,79/1.000 DP en P4 (p=0,011). La UV-C y el cobre se asociaron con una prevención significativa de las IAAS (RR: 0,49; IC 95%: 0,30-0,81; p=0,005) y con menores IAAS con aislados bacterianos (RR: 0,33; IC 95%: 0,14-0,77; p=0,011).
Las placas adhesivas de cobre combinadas con la desinfección por UV-C se asociaron con una caída en las tasas de IAAS, y con la eliminación de las IAAS causadas por BLEE. Por lo tanto, proponemos que estas estrategias se consideren en la prevención de la proliferación de MDRO.
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in neonates are frequent and highly lethal, in particular those caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. We evaluated the ...beneficial effects of ultraviolet C (UV-C) disinfection and copper adhesive plating on HCAIs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a third level paediatric hospital in Mexico City, both in combination of hand-hygiene (HH) and prevention bundles.
All NICU patients were included. There were 4 periods (P): P1: HH monitoring and prevention bundles; P2: P1+UV-C disinfection; P3: P2+Copper adhesive plating on frequent-contact surfaces and P4: Monitoring of P3 actions.
552 neonates were monitored during 15,467 patient days (PD). HCAI rates decreased from 11.03/1000 PD in P1 to 5.35/1000 PD in P4 (p=0.006). HCAIs with bacterial isolates dropped from 5.39/1000 PD in PI to 1.79/1000 PD in P4 (p=0.011). UV-C and copper were associated with significant HCAI prevention (RR 0.49, CI95% 0.30–0.81, p=0.005) and with lesser HCAIs with bacterial isolates (RR 0.33, CI95% 0.14–0.77, p=0.011).
Copper adhesive plating combined with UV-C disinfection were associated with a drop in HCAI rates and with the elimination of ESBL-caused HCAIs. Hence, we propose that these strategies be considered in MDRO proliferation preventions.
Las infecciones asociadas a la atención a la salud (IAAS) en neonatos son frecuentes y altamente letales, en particular las causadas por bacterias productoras de BLEE. Se evaluaron los efectos de la desinfección por UV-C y las placas adhesivas de cobre sobre las IAAS en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) de un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México, en combinación con higiene de manos (HM) y con paquetes de prevención.
Se incluyeron todos los pacientes de la UCIN. Hubo 4 periodos (P): P1: monitorización de HM y paquetes preventivos; P2: P1 + desinfección con UV-C; P3: P2 + recubrimiento con placas de cobre en superficies de alto contacto y P4: monitorización de acciones de P3.
Quinientos cincuenta y dos neonatos fueron monitoreados durante 15,467 días/paciente (DP). Las tasas de IAAS disminuyeron de 11,03/1.000 DP en P1 a 5,35/1.000 DP en P4 (p=0,006). Las IAAS con aislamiento bacteriano disminuyeron de 5,39/1.000 DP en P1 a 1,79/1.000 DP en P4 (p=0,011). La UV-C y el cobre se asociaron con una prevención significativa de las IAAS (RR: 0,49; IC 95%: 0,30-0,81; p=0,005) y con menores IAAS con aislados bacterianos (RR: 0,33; IC 95%: 0,14-0,77; p=0,011).
Las placas adhesivas de cobre combinadas con la desinfección por UV-C se asociaron con una caída en las tasas de IAAS, y con la eliminación de las IAAS causadas por BLEE. Por lo tanto, proponemos que estas estrategias se consideren en la prevención de la proliferación de MDRO.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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