Wang
R‐L,
Zeng
R‐S,
Peng
S‐L,
Chen
B‐M,
Liang X‐T & Xin X‐W (2011) Elevated temperature may accelerate invasive expansion of the liana plant Ipomoea cairica. Weed Research51, 574–580.
Summary
...Numerous studies have shown that elevated CO2 levels promote liana establishment in forests, thus suggesting their increased prevalence in the future in these habitats. Limited information exists, however, concerning the effects of potentially increasing global temperatures on these plants. The invasive liana Ipomoea cairica has infested many forests in South China. We hypothesised that elevated temperature could change the resource allocation pattern and allelopathic potential of this plant, resulting in increased invasiveness. We compared seed germination, growth rates and leachate phytotoxicity of I. cairica at three temperatures (22, 26 and 30°C). The seed germination rates of I. cairica were 11.6%, 21.2% and 26.4% at 22, 26 and 30°C respectively. Elevated temperature resulted in significant changes in morphology and biomass allocation of I. cairica. Shoot biomass of the plant increased, while the root biomass decreased with increasing temperature. Phytotoxicity of aqueous leachates from fresh leaves of I. cairica varied depending on receptor plants, but showed the strongest phytotoxic effects at the highest temperature (30°C). Our results provide key information concerning the effects of elevated temperatures on the allelopathic potential, germination and growth of I. cairica and indicate that global warming could increase the invasiveness of this species.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel bulk Mg-Gd matrix nanocomposite reinforced with GdN nanoparticles has been successfully fabricated utilizing an advanced powder metallurgy route within in-situ reactions during sintering ...process. The as-prepared nanocomposite with nanocrystalline (NC) or ultrafine-grained (UFG) matrix and homogeneously dispersed nanoparticles exhibits phenomenal mechanical properties: ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 521MPa, yield strength (YS) of 506MPa and tensile elongation (El) of 2.8%. The drastic improvement of the strength in comparison with that of conventional magnesium alloys is ascribed to fine grain strengthening of NC/UFG matrix, dispersion strengthening and load bearing mechanism of the GdN nanoparticles and β (Mg5Gd) or β′ (Mg3Gd) precipitates.
•A novel bulk GdN /Mg-Gd nanocomposite was successfully fabricated.•GdN nanoparticles synthesized by in-situ reaction were distributed homogeneously.•The GdN/Mg-Gd nanocomposite exhibits phenomenal mechanical properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Low temperature affects plant growth and biomass accumulation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Bacillus
is an important plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that can promote plant growth directly or ...indirectly. In this study, bacteria suspensions (cell concentration 1 × 10
7
cfu/mL) of
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
strain GL18 were interacted with
Avena sativa
seedlings by the root irrigation method under 4°C low-temperature conditions. The biomass accumulation, as well as the physiological and biochemical activities of
A. sativa
, was detected over 14 days. The results showed that the plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight of
A. sativa
treated at 4°C with
B. amyloliquefaciens
by root irrigation increased by 39.28, 32.50, 114.89, and 87.17%, respectively, compared to untreated control. The levels of plant hormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were significantly increased, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase increased rapidly and then decreased slowly. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde decreased, and the contents of proline and betaine increased significantly. The genome of GL18 strain was sequenced and its related functional genes were analyzed. The results showed that genome of GL18 strain contained gene clusters encoding proteins related to the synthesis of lipopeptide compounds such as surfactin, iturin, and fengycin, encoding genes involved in 3-indole acetic acid synthesis as well as genes related to the synthesis of plant growth-promoting substances such as siderophore and polyamines. This study provided experimental data and a theoretical basis for the manner in which
Bacillus
promotes the growth of
A
.
sativa
under low-temperature stress.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this paper, the transient temperature field and thermal stress of the slagging-off robot arm were analyzed by finite element method, the temperature distribution and change of the robot arm in one ...working cycle were determined, and the thermal stress and thermal deformation of the slag-scraping plate after the skimming was completed were solved. The results show that the temperature of the equipment in the slagging-off process can reach 206 °C, and the heat can be transferred to the position of 200mm, which will not affect the key parts in the manipulator. Due to the direct contact with molten iron, the heat stress and deformation of the slag-scraping plate are large, which may result in the high melt loss rate of the slag-scraping plate.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The lateral film growth rate of CH4, C2H4, CO2, CH4 + C2H4, and CH4 + C3H8 hydrates in pure water were measured at four fixed temperatures of 273.4, 275.4, 277.4, and 279.4 K by means of suspending a ...single gas bubble in water. The results showed that the lateral growth rates of mixed-gas CH4 + C2H4 hydrate films were slower than that of pure gas (CH4 or C2H4) for the same driving force and that of mixed-gas CH4 + C3H8 hydrate film growth was the slowest. The dependence of the thickness of hydrate film on the driving force was investigated, and it was demonstrated that the thickness of hydrate film was inversely proportional to the driving force. It was found that the convective heat transfer control model reported in the literature could be used to formulate the lateral film growth rate v f with the driving force ΔT perfectly for all systems after introduction of the assumption that the thickness of hydrate films is inversely proportional to the driving force ΔT; i.e., v f = ψΔT 5/2 is correct and independent of the composition of gas and the type of hydrate. The thicknesses of different gas hydrate films were estimated, and it is demonstrated that the thicknesses of mixed-gas hydrate films were thicker than those of pure gases, which was qualitatively consistent with the experimental result.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
IMPORTANCE: Among all subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high relapse rate and poor outcome after standard treatment. Effective strategies to reduce the risk of ...relapse and death are needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of low-dose capecitabine maintenance after standard adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized clinical trial conducted at 13 academic centers and clinical sites in China from April 2010 to December 2016 and final date of follow-up was April 30, 2020. Patients (n = 443) had early-stage triple-negative breast cancer and had completed standard adjuvant chemotherapy. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to receive capecitabine (n = 222) at a dose of 650 mg/m2 twice a day by mouth for 1 year without interruption or to observation (n = 221) after completion of standard adjuvant chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was disease-free survival. Secondary end points included distant disease-free survival, overall survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and adverse events. RESULTS: Among 443 women who were randomized, 434 were included in the full analysis set (mean SD age, 46 9.9 years; T1/T2 stage, 93.1%; node-negative, 61.8%) (98.0% completed the trial). After a median follow-up of 61 months (interquartile range, 44-82), 94 events were observed, including 38 events (37 recurrences and 32 deaths) in the capecitabine group and 56 events (56 recurrences and 40 deaths) in the observation group. The estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 82.8% in the capecitabine group and 73.0% in the observation group (hazard ratio HR for risk of recurrence or death, 0.64 95% CI, 0.42-0.95; P = .03). In the capecitabine group vs the observation group, the estimated 5-year distant disease-free survival was 85.8% vs 75.8% (HR for risk of distant metastasis or death, 0.60 95% CI, 0.38-0.92; P = .02), the estimated 5-year overall survival was 85.5% vs 81.3% (HR for risk of death, 0.75 95% CI, 0.47-1.19; P = .22), and the estimated 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival was 85.0% vs 80.8% (HR for risk of locoregional recurrence or death, 0.72 95% CI, 0.46-1.13; P = .15). The most common capecitabine-related adverse event was hand-foot syndrome (45.2%), with 7.7% of patients experiencing a grade 3 event. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among women with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer who received standard adjuvant treatment, low-dose capecitabine maintenance therapy for 1 year, compared with observation, resulted in significantly improved 5-year disease-free survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01112826
The genus Paedocypris is a newly described taxon of minifish species that are characterized by extensive chromosome evolution and one of the smallest known vertebrate nuclear genomes. Paedocypris ...features a tiny adult size, a short generation time, low fecundity and fragmented tropical habitats, which are factors that favor rapid speciation. Most recently, we have revealed that P. progenetica (Pp), the type species of the genus Paedocypris, has an unusual mtDNA bearing - within its D-loop - a tandem array of a 34-bp repeat sequence called the minifish repeat, which shows compromised replication efficiency in vitro. Here we report that Pp exhibits high genetic variation in mtDNA size. The efficiency of D-loop amplification was found to depend upon primers. Interestingly, Pp individuals of one and the same population differed drastically in mtDNA size resulting from varying copy numbers of the minifish repeat. We conclude that minifish has a high mutation rate and perhaps represents a rapidly evolving taxon of vertebrates.
The long-pulse high-confinement (H-mode) plasma regime is considered to be a preferable scenario in future fusion devices, and in the period of normal operation during H-mode, edge-localised modes ...(ELMs) are one of the most serious threats to the performance and capability of divertor targets. The EAST recently achieved a variety of H-mode regimes with ELMs. For the purpose of studying the performance of the EAST upgraded divertor during type I ELMs, a series of simulations were performed by using three-dimensional (3D) finite element code. To make a visible outcome of the direct ELM impact on the divertor targets, a preliminary evaluation system with three indices to exhibit the influence has been developed. The indices that comprise temperature evolution, thermal penetration depth and crack initiation life, which could reveal the process of micro-crack formation, are calculated in both low and high-power scenarios for type I ELMs. The initial results indicate that the transient heat load has a significant influence in a very short thickness layer along the direction perpendicular to the plasma-facing surface throughout its duration. The conclusion could offer a pertinent guide to the next-step high-power long-pulse operation in EAST and would also be helpful for scientifically studying the damage and fatigue mechanism of the divertor in ITER and future fusion power reactors.
A study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding sorghum distiller's dried grains with solubles (SDDGS) on carcasses characteristics (live weight, whole net carcass rate, breast muscle ...percentage, thigh muscle percentage), muscle quality (meat color, shear stress, cooking loss rate, cooked meat percentage), and meat composition of China Micro Duck (CMD) drakes aged from 4 to 8 wk. A total of 240 CMD drakes (aged 4 wk and initial weight was 496.7 g) were randomly allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments in randomized complete block design. The 4 treatments were S0(the control group, S5, S10, S15, indicating the dietary content of SDDGS (zero, 5,10 and 15%, respectively). Each treatment with 60 drakes was equally divided into 6 repeated test groups, each group with 10 drakes. The results showed that S5, S10, and S15 could decrease the thigh muscle percentage linearly (P < 0.01); however, there was no significant (p > 0.05) effect on other carcass characteristic and muscle quality indexes of live body weight (BW), whole net carcass yield (WNCY), breast muscle percentage (BMP), breast muscle color (BMC), thigh muscle color (TMC), breast shear strength (BSS), cooking loss (CL), or cooked meat percentage (CMP). For meat composition, the increasing level of SDDGS caused a linear and quadratic decrease (P < 0.01) of crude protein and a linear and quadratic (P < 0.01) increase of crude fat of thigh and breast muscle, while breast muscle ash was not significantly affected (P > 0.05). Overall, this study revealed that in the 3 kinds of diets with SDDGS, S5 had the least negative impact on carcass characteristics, muscle quality, and meat composition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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