In the application environment having dense distribution of marginal wireless sensor network (WSN), the data transmission process will generate a large number of conflicts, which will result in loss ...of transmission data and increase of transmission delay. The multi-path data transmission method can effectively solve the problem of large data loss and transmission delay caused by collisions. A new approach of multi-path reliable transmission for application of marginal WSN (named RCB-MRT) is proposed in this paper. It adopts redundancy mechanism to realize the reliability of data transmission, and uses concurrent woven multi-path technology to improve the transmission efficiency of data packets. Firstly, it divides the data packets that the sensor node needs to transmit into several sub-packets with data redundancy, and then forwards the sub-packets to the aggregation node through multi-path by the intermediate nodes of marginal environment. The results of our experimental tests show that the proposed multi-path reliable transmission method can effectively reduce data packet loss rate, reduce transmission delay and increase network lifetime. The method is very useful for the applications of marginal wireless sensor network.
Under conditions of
Azolla imbricata
restoration, the high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to determine change trends of microbial community structures in the soil that had undergone ...long-term application of pesticides. The relationship between the content of pesticide residues in the soil and the microbial community structure was analyzed. The results indicated that the microbial diversity was strongly negatively correlated with the contents of pesticide residues in the soil. At a suitable dosage of 5 kg fresh
A. imbricata
per square meter of soil area, the soil microbial diversity increased by 12.0%, and the contents of pesticide residues decreased by 26.8−72.1%.
Sphingobacterium
,
Sphingopyxis
,
Thermincola
,
Sphingobium
,
Acaryochloris
,
Megasphaera
,
Ralstonia
,
Pseudobutyrivibrio
,
Desulfitobacterium
,
Nostoc
,
Oscillochloris
, and
Aciditerrimonas
may play major roles in the degradation of pesticide residues.
Thauera
,
Levilinea
,
Geothrix
,
Thiobacillus
,
Thioalkalispira
,
Desulfobulbus
,
Polycyclovorans
,
Fluviicola
,
Deferrisoma
,
Erysipelothrix
,
Desulfovibrio
,
Cytophaga
,
Vogesella
,
Zoogloea
,
Azovibrio
,
Halomonas
,
Paludibacter
,
Crocinitomix
,
Haliscomenobacter
,
Hirschia
,
Silanimonas
,
Alkalibacter
,
Woodsholea
,
Peredibacter
,
Leptolinea
,
Chitinivorax
,
Candidatus_Lumbricincola
,
Anaerovorax
,
Propionivibrio
,
Parasegetibacter
,
Byssovorax
,
Runella
,
Leptospira
, and
Nitrosomonas
may be indicators to evaluate the contents of pesticide residues.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Significant grain refinement was achieved in nano-TiCN/Al-7 wt.% Si composites through growth control induced by nano-TiCN particles (NPs). The microstructures displayed two types of NP ...distributions: within interdendritic eutectic Si phase and along grain boundaries. This refined microstructure contributed to enhancing mechanical properties. To elucidate the grain refinement mechanism in nano-TiCN/Al–7Si composites, a three-dimensional (3D) sharp interface model (SIM) was developed, integrating the cellular automaton (CA) technique with a transformation matrix comprising three Euler angles. This 3D SIM effectively replicated the dendritic morphology of α-Al. The exact impact of latent heat on grain refinement was clarified. The observed grain refinement induced by NPs could not be numerically reproduced without considering latent heat. The grain refinement in TiCN/Al–7Si composites is governed by multiple factors. As NPs layers inhibits solute diffusion along the solid-liquid interface, the dendrite growth rate reduces, leading to the reduced rate of latent-heat release. Consequently, constitutional undercooling in the surrounding liquid increases, activating more heterogeneous nuclei. The developed SIM model offers deeper insights into the grain refinement mechanism induced by TiCN NPs in Al–7Si alloy.
•With 1.0 vol% TiCN nanoparticles, grain size of Al-7 wt.% Si alloy is significantly refined from 910 μm to 130 μm.•A 3D sharp-interface model is developed to clarify grain refinement behavior induced by nanoparticles.•Solute diffusion, dendrite growth, latent heat, constitutional undercooling and heterogeneous nucleation are explained.•Experimental characterization combined with sharp-interface model simulation is a new strategy for studying grain refinement.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Intelligent condition monitoring and fault diagnosis by analyzing the sensor data can assure the safety of machinery. Conventional fault diagnosis and classification methods usually implement ...pretreatments to decrease noise and extract some time domain or frequency domain features from raw time series sensor data. Then, some classifiers are utilized to make diagnosis. However, these conventional fault diagnosis approaches suffer from the expertise of feature selection and they do not consider the temporal coherence of time series data. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis model based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN). The model can directly recognize raw time series sensor data without feature selection and signal processing. It also takes advantage of the temporal coherence of the data. Firstly, raw time series training data collected by sensors are used to train the DNN until the cost function of DNN gets the minimal value; Secondly, test data are used to test the classification accuracy of the DNN on local time series data. Finally, fault diagnosis considering temporal coherence with former time series data is implemented. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of bearing faults can get 100%. The proposed fault diagnosis approach is effective in recognizing the type of bearing faults.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Livestock manure is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing a potential risk to environment and human health. However, there has been no optimization study about the comprehensive ...composting treatment for livestock manure ARGs based on multiple operation factors. In this study, anaerobic composting of swine manure in light was conducted under different combined conditions of composting time, temperature, water content, pH, heavy metal passivators and wheat straw. The diversity and relative abundance of ARGs in the compost were detected using high throughput quantitative real-time PCR, and the concentrations of antibiotics and heavy metals were determined. The results showed that under the optimized conditions (composting time, 30 d; temperature, 50 °C; water content, 50%; pH 9.0; heavy metal passivators and wheat straw), compared with the control, the detected number of ARGs and mobile genetic elements in the compost was reduced by 45% and 27.3%, and their relative abundance decreased by 33.9% and 36.9%, respectively. Moreover, the exchangeable heavy metal content of the compost declined by 34.7–57.1%, and the antibiotic level decreased by 28.8–77.8%. This study proposes that synergistic effects of key parameters can effectively mitigate the combined contamination of ARGs, antibiotics, and heavy metals in swine manure.
Optimized parameters (anaerobic composting time 30 d, temperature 50 °C, water content 50%, pH 9.0) effectively mitigated the combined pollution of ARGs, antibiotics, and heavy metals in swine manure.
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•Combined conditions affected the distribution of heavy metals, antibiotics, and ARGs.•Combined conditions altered dominant bacteria in the compost.•Optimized parameters were time (30 d), temperature (50 °C), moisture (50%), pH 9.0•Optimized conditions reduced the diversity (45%) and relative abundance (34%) of ARGs.•The exchangeable heavy metal and antibiotic contents reduced by 35–57% and 29–78%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Carbon-based metal-free catalysts exhibit great applications in electrochemical CO
2
reduction (ECR), while most studies merely focus on large-sized carbons with limited ratio of surface atoms for ...engineering to create surface active centers. Here, we report a joint treatment of C60 by heating and plasma to induce a dramatic performance promotion during ECR. The electrochemical measurements indicate the Faraday efficiency for ECR toward CO production kept at high level over 80% in a wide potential region from − 0.4 to − 0.7 V versus RHE, with the highest value reaching 96.8%. The physical characterization reveals that fragmentation of C60 occurs together with N/O doping, both of which could induce change in electron structure, causing the formation of *COOH intermediate and ultimately leading to the optimized activity and selectivity for CO production. This treatment route was further revealed to be applicative for other carbon materials, e.g., single-walled carbon nanotube, to promote its ECR activity and selectivity.
Graphical Abstract
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
A new pathway via a cyclic intermediate for the synthesis of ketones from aldehydes and sulfonylhydrazone derivatives under basic conditions is proposed. Several control experiments were ...performed along with analysis of the mass spectra and in‐situ IR spectra of the reaction mixture. Inspired by the new mechanism, an efficient and scalable method for homologation of aldehydes to ketones was developed. A wide variety of target ketones were obtained in yields of 42–95 % by simply heating the 3‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene sulfonylhydrazones (3‐(Tfsyl)hydrazone) for 2 h at 110 °C with aldehydes and with K
2
CO
3
and DMSO as base and solvent, respectively.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Quantum metrology employs quantum effects to attain a measurement precision surpassing the limit achievable in classical physics. However, it was previously found that the precision returns the ...shot-noise limit (SNL) from the ideal Zeno limit (ZL) due to the photon loss in quantum metrology based on Mech-Zehnder interferometry. Here, we find that not only can the SNL be beaten, but also the ZL can be asymptotically recovered in a long-encoding-time condition when the photon dissipation is exactly studied in its inherent non-Markovian manner. Our analysis reveals that it is due to the formation of a bound state of the photonic system and its dissipative noise. Highlighting the microscopic mechanism of the dissipative noise on the quantum optical metrology, our result supplies a guideline to realize the ultrasensitive measurement in practice by forming the bound state in the setting of reservoir engineering.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A central result in the foundations of quantum mechanics is the Kochen-Specker theorem. In short, it states that quantum mechanics cannot be reconciled with classical models that are noncontextual ...for ideal measurements. The first explicit derivation by Kochen and Specker was rather complex, but considerable simplifications have been achieved thereafter. We propose a systematic approach to find minimal Hardy-type and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type (GHZ-type) proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem, these are characterized by the fact that the predictions of classical models are opposite to the predictions of quantum mechanics. Based on our results, we show that the Kochen-Specker set with 18 vectors from Cabello et al. Phys. Lett. A 212, 183 (1996) is the minimal set for any dimension, verifying a longstanding conjecture by Peres. Our results allow to identify minimal contextuality scenarios and to study their usefulness for information processing.
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