Understanding mobile traffic patterns of large scale cellular towers in urban environment is extremely valuable for Internet service providers, mobile users, and government managers of modern ...metropolis. This paper aims at extracting and modeling the traffic patterns of large scale towers deployed in a metropolitan city. To achieve this goal, we need to address several challenges, including lack of appropriate tools for processing large scale traffic measurement data, unknown traffic patterns, as well as handling complicated factors of urban ecology and human behaviors that affect traffic patterns. Our core contribution is a powerful model which combines three dimensional information (time, locations of towers, and traffic frequency spectrum) to extract and model the traffic patterns of thousands of cellular towers. Our empirical analysis reveals the following important observations. First, only five basic time-domain traffic patterns exist among the 9600 cellular towers. Second, each of the extracted traffic pattern maps to one type of geographical locations related to urban ecology, including residential area, business district, transport, entertainment, and comprehensive area. Third, our frequency-domain traffic spectrum analysis suggests that the traffic of any tower among 9600 can be constructed using a linear combination of four primary components corresponding to human activity behaviors. We believe that the proposed traffic patterns extraction and modeling methodology, combined with the empirical analysis on the mobile traffic, pave the way toward a deep understanding of the traffic patterns of large scale cellular towers in modern metropolis.
•Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) or fucoidan extracted from Undaria pinnatifida ameliorate high-fat diet–induced dyslipidemia, hepatic tissue steatosis, and aortic arch injury in Sprague-Dawley ...rats.•GOS significantly increased Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Blautia, and Akkermansia, but decreased Firmicutes, and fucoidan significantly decreased Aerococcus and Actinobacteria.•Fucoidan and GOS increased the expression of cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase in liver and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of small intestine contents.•According to Spearman analysis, Adlercreutzia and Oscillospira were positively correlated with BSH enzyme activity. Aerococcus and Brevibacterium were negatively correlated with BSH enzyme activity.•GOS and fucoidan supplementation supported Lactobacillus casei DM8121 growth and enhanced its BSH activity.
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Fucoidan (FUC) is a polysaccharide extracted from brown marine algae with various biological activities. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are important prebiotics that exert benefits on the intestinal microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FUC and GOS on dyslipidemia in rats by modulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
Twenty-four male inbred Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 8 wk were fed a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 wk. During the feeding period, rats were gavaged with normal saline solution, FUC solution (100 mg/kg),or GOS solution (800 mg/kg), or a combination of both once daily. Serum biochemical parameters were determined, and the gut microbiota were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in the small intestinal contents was also analyzed. The effects of FUC and GOS on Lactobacillus casei DM8121 were analyzed in vitro.
In rats, GOS and FUC supplementation significantly improved serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipopolysaccharide, serum total bile acid, hepatic tissue steatosis, aortic arch injury, gut microbiota, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase expression in the liver, and BSH activity in the small intestinal contents. In an in vitro experiment, GOS and FUC supplementation significantly increased L. casei DM8121’s BSH activity.
In rats, FUC and GOS supplementation improved serum dyslipidemia, gut microbiota, BSH activity, and bile acid metabolism–related pathways. In vitro, GOS and FUC supplementation increased L. casei DM8121’s BSH activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Existing numerical simulation studies show that confining pressure has a negative effect on the efficiency of percussion drilling. However, the corresponding systematic experimental studies ...considering confining pressure have rarely been reported. In this study, single drop weight impact tests were performed on granite samples and the influence of the confining pressure on the crater parameters was analyzed. Besides, the fluorescent approach was adopted to observe the cracks in the damaged samples. The results indicate that confining pressure has a significant adverse effect on rock fragmentation. For instance, the average volume of crater under confining pressure of 20 MPa is 91.5% smaller than that without confining pressure. Meanwhile, the higher the confining pressure, the shorter the cracks. The confining pressure can inhibit the propagation of side cracks around the crater and hinder the expansion of radial cracks to the free surface. Knowing these phenomena and conclusions, we may be able to eliminate or reduce the negative effect of the confining pressure by optimizing the working parameters of the drilling tools and the layout structure of the buttons on the bit.
•The dynamic rock fragmentation performance with confining pressure has been systematically studied by experiments.•The influence of the confining pressure on the crater parameters is quantitatively analyzed.•Crack evolution under confining pressure was revealed by the fluorescent approach.•Confining pressure has a significant adverse effect on dynamic rock fragmentation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A novel antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) is proposed in this letter. The addition of regular slot edges (RSE) helps the antenna lower the low-end operating frequency by 9% with the dimension ...unaltered, while the radiation patterns at higher frequencies are improved due to the loaded lens and the choke slot edges (CSE) configuration at the termination of the flares, which also contribute to the enhancement of antenna gain. The improved antenna is fabricated and verified experimentally. The measured results coincide with the simulated ones perfectly, which proves the feasibility of the novel design.
Supercapacitors have the unique advantages of high power density, fast charge and discharge rates, long cycle life, high safety, and reliability, and are increasingly being used for applications ...including automobiles, rail transit, communication equipment, digital electronics, and aerospace equipment. The supercapacitor industry is currently in a stage of rapid development; great breakthroughs have also been made in improving the performance of supercapacitors and the expansion of their application. Electrode technology is the core of supercapacitors. Transition-metal compounds have a relatively high theoretical capacity and have received widespread attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors. In addition, there is a synergistic effect between the different components of various electrode composite materials. Due to their superior electrochemical performance, supercapacitors are receiving increasing research attention. Flexible supercapacitors have been hailed for their good plasticity, resulting in a development boom. This review article mainly outlines the development process of various electrode materials, including carbon materials, conductive polymers, metal compounds, and composite materials, as well as flexible electrode materials based on carbon cloth.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Two lytic phages, vB_SenM-PA13076 (PA13076) and vB_SenM-PC2184 (PC2184), were isolated from chicken sewage and characterized with host strains Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) ATCC13076 and CVCC2184, ...respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that they belonged to the family Myoviridae. The lytic abilities of these two phages in liquid culture showed 104 multiplicity of infection (MOI) was the best in inhibiting bacteria, with PC2184 exhibiting more activity than PA13076. The two phages exhibited broad host range within the genus Salmonella. Phage PA13076 and PC2184 had a lytic effect on 222 (71.4%) and 298 (95.8%) of the 311 epidemic Salmonella isolates, respectively. We tested the effectiveness of phage PA13076 and PC2184 as well as a cocktail combination of both in three different foods (chicken breast, pasteurized whole milk and Chinese cabbage) contaminated with SE. Samples were spiked with 1 × 10(4) CFU individual SE or a mixture of strains (ATCC13076 and CVCC2184), then treated with 1 × 10(8) PFU individual phage or a two phage cocktail, and incubated at 4 °C or 25 °C for 5 h. In general, the inhibitory effect of phage and phage cocktail was better at 4 °C than that at 25 °C, whereas the opposite result was observed in Chinese cabbage, and phage cocktail was better than either single phage. A significant reduction in bacterial numbers (1.5-4 log CFU/sample, p < 0.05) was observed in all tested foods. The two phages on the three food samples were relatively stable, especially at 4 ºC, with the phages exhibiting the greatest stability in milk. Our research shows that our phages have potential effectiveness as a bio-control agent of Salmonella in foods.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Human mobility data have been ubiquitously collected through cellular networks and mobile applications, and publicly released for academic research and commercial purposes for the last decade. Since ...releasing individual's mobility records usually gives rise to privacy issues, data sets owners tend to only publish aggregated mobility data, such as the number of users covered by a cellular tower at a specific timestamp, which is believed to be sufficient for preserving users' privacy. However, in this paper, we argue and prove that even publishing aggregated mobility data could lead to privacy breach in individuals' trajectories. We develop an attack system that is able to exploit the uniqueness and regularity of human mobility to recover individual's trajectories from the aggregated mobility data without any prior knowledge. By conducting experiments on two real-world data sets collected from both the mobile application and cellular network, we reveal that the attack system is able to recover users' trajectories with an accuracy of about 73%~91% at the scale of thousands to ten thousands of mobile users, which indicates severe privacy leakage in such data sets. Our extensive analysis also reveals that by generalization and perturbation, this kind of privacy leakage can only be mitigated. Through the investigation on aggregated mobility data, this paper recognizes a novel privacy problem in publishing statistic data, which appeals for immediate attentions from both the academy and industry.
Tanshinone is a lipophilic compound that is present in traditional Chinese medicine and is derived from the roots of
Salvia miltiorrhiza
(Danshen). It has been proven to be highly effective in ...combating tumors in various parts of the body, including liver carcinoma, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, cervix carcinoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer. Tanshinone can efficiently prevent the reproduction of cancerous cells, induce cell death, and inhibit the spread of cancerous cells, which are mainly involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB pathway, Bcl-2 family, Caspase cascades, MicroRNA, MAPK signaling pathway, p21, STAT3 pathway, miR30b-P53-PTPN11/SHP2 axis, β-catenin, and Skp2. However, the properties and mechanisms of tanshinone’s anti-tumor effects remain unclear currently. Thus, this study aims to review the research progress on tumor prevention and mechanisms of tanshinone to gain new perspectives for further development and clinical application of tanshinone.
Periodic inspection, commonly performed by a technician, of weld seam quality is important for assessing equipment reliability. To save labor costs and improve efficiency, an autonomous navigation ...and inspection robot is developed. The development process involves the design of chassis damping, target detection mechanism, control system, and algorithms. For performing weld inspection in complex, outdoor, environments, an algorithm is developed for the robot to avoid any obstacles. This algorithm for planning the inspection route is based on an improved timed-elastic-band (TEB) algorithm. The developed robot is capable of conducting inspection tasks in complex and dangerous environments efficiently and autonomously.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Gut microbiota has been shown to play critical roles in host health. The present study was to determine the toxicological effects of microcystin-LR (MCLR) on gut microbial community and metabolites ...using 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). MCLR was administered to BALB/c mice by gavage for eight weeks. Results of the microbial alpha-diversity (Sobs, Chao1, ACE and Shannon indexes) decreased in MCLR-treated group versus controls. Phylum
Candidatus Saccharibacteria
decreased significantly in MCLR-treated group versus controls. Correspondingly, more than thirties genera in relative abundance decreased, especially short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (e.g.,
Alistipes
and
Ruminococcus
). These results indicated that the gut microbial community structure was remarkably changed by MCLR. Furthermore, concentrations of SCFAs were significantly decreased after MCLR exposure (
P
< 0.01), where butyrate decreased as high as 4.9-fold. Consequently, sub-chronic exposure to MCLR could not only alter the microbial composition but metabolites. This study offered novel insights into the toxic mechanism of MCs from gut microbiota, and facilitated further clarification of risks to human health from MCs exposure.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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