Abstract
Understanding the role of external actors is essential to understanding the United Kingdom’s (UK) securitization agenda in the field of asylum. Whilst the internal dynamics of securitization ...in migration and asylum and its links to the Brexit referendum have been extensively analysed, the externalization of asylum and its connection to the so-called ‘hostile environment’ policy have received less attention. This article addresses this gap, and focuses on how the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 and the UK–Rwanda Memorandum of Understanding for the relocation of asylum seekers advance the externalization of asylum post-Brexit. It examines how these reforms reinforce the securitization that characterizes the UK’s asylum and migration policy and evaluates how they exclude asylum seekers from access to basic human rights, in violation of the 1951 Refugee Convention and the European Convention on Human Rights.
ABSTRACT
Convection‐permitting models (CPMs) have provided weather forecasting centres with a step‐change in capabilities for forecasting rainfall. They are now used operationally to forecast ...precipitation in many parts of the world, including the UK. CPMs are models in which the dynamics of atmospheric convection is treated with sufficient accuracy in order to make it viable to switch off convection parametrization. This review describes the current state‐of‐the‐art in operational CPM‐based numerical weather prediction (NWP), primarily within the UK, and the historical development of CPMs. The characteristics of CPM systems and forecasts are highlighted and placed in an international context to recognize similar trends and highlight some differences. It is shown that the realism of CPM‐based forecasts can provide improved subjective guidance on convection, and, when measured on appropriate scales, can improve rainfall forecasting skill compared to coarser‐resolution NWP. Data assimilation techniques used with operational CPMs are reviewed and given historical context. Examples of new types of observations that may increase the skill of forecasts from improved initial conditions are discussed. CPM‐based nowcasting systems are shown to provide considerable improvements in short‐range forecasts of rapidly developing, intense systems. As a result, these CPM‐based systems provide a new forecasting capability. Finally, the development of CPMs has also required new techniques to verify forecasts and define their skill. These have revealed that the lack of predictability of the smallest scales involving convection means that ensemble techniques are required to represent forecast uncertainty, resulting in a new capability to provide objective forecast probabilities of local precipitation.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Metabolism studies of chiral pesticides: A critical review de Albuquerque, Nayara Cristina Perez; Carrão, Daniel Blascke; Habenschus, Maísa Daniela ...
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis,
01/2018, Volume:
147
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•The stereoselective metabolism of chiral pesticides is important for risk assessment.•Stereoselective results were found on metabolism of chiral pesticides.•The enantioselective metabolism of ...pesticides might vary depending on the species.•Enantioselective metabolism of pesticides using in vitro human models is scarce.•Exclusively HPLC has been employed for metabolism studies of chiral pesticides.
The consumption of pesticides worldwide has been growing in recent decades, and consequently the exposure of humans and other animals to them as well. However, even though it is known that chiral pesticides can behave stereoselectively, the knowledge about the risks to human health and the environment is scarce. Among the pesticides registered to date, approximately 30% have at least one center of asymmetry, and just 7% of them are currently marketed as a pure stereoisomer or as an enriched mixture of the active stereoisomer. There are several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models available to evaluate the enantioselective metabolism of chiral pesticides aiming ecotoxicological and risk assessment. Therefore, this paper intends to provide a critical view of the metabolism of chiral pesticides in non-target species, including humans, and discuss their implications, as well as, conduct a review of the analytical techniques employed for in vitro and in vivo metabolism studies of chiral pesticides.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
5.
Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado; Caetano, Ana Carolina Rabachini; Zamarian, Ana Cristina Perez ...
Archives of gynecology and obstetrics,
05/2017, Volume:
295, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Background
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition that affects 5–10% of pregnancies and is the second most common cause of perinatal mortality. This review presents the most recent knowledge ...on FGR and focuses on the etiology, classification, prediction, diagnosis, and management of the condition, as well as on its neurological complications.
Methods
The Pubmed, SCOPUS, and Embase databases were searched using the term “fetal growth restriction”.
Results
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) may be classified as early or late depending on the time of diagnosis. Early FGR (<32 weeks) is associated with substantial alterations in placental implantation with elevated hypoxia, which requires cardiovascular adaptation. Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates are high. Late FGR (≥32 weeks) presents with slight deficiencies in placentation, which leads to mild hypoxia and requires little cardiovascular adaptation. Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates are lower. The diagnosis of FGR may be clinical; however, an arterial and venous Doppler ultrasound examination is essential for diagnosis and follow-up. There are currently no treatments to control FGR; the time at which pregnancy is interrupted is of vital importance for protecting both the mother and fetus.
Conclusion
Early diagnosis of FGR is very important, because it enables the identification of the etiology of the condition and adequate monitoring of the fetal status, thereby minimizing risks of premature birth and intrauterine hypoxia.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Factorial analysis of HS-SPME parameters is essential to quantify N-nitrosamines.•HS-SPEME-GC-MS is an excellent option to quantify N-nitrosamines in red wine.•The standard addition technique was ...found to be an adequate method to quantify N-nitrosamines.•HS-SPEME-GC-MS achieved good validation results when used to quantify N-nitrosamines in red wine.
N-nitrosamines (NAms) are highly active carcinogens that have been detected in food and beverages. Currently certain studies report their presence in red wine, while others fail to detect their presence. In this study the head space solid phase micro-extraction technique coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was applied to quantify four NAms in different types of red wine. The technique was found to be a simple, precise, fast and environmentally friendly alternative for the quantification of volatile NAms. A factorial analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of the parameters on the HS-SPME technique. This is the first study that such analysis has been reported and where NAms in red wine have been quantified using HS-SPME-GC-MS. The method was validated by calculating the linearity, limit of detection and quantification. Two of the four NAms analyzed were found to be present in red wine samples.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Nitrogen privation increase phenolic compound content.•Hydroxycinnamate derivatives and rutin increases in nitrogen limitation.•Plant growth is affected by nitrogen privation but can be an advantage ...in industrial management.•Nitrogen privation improve the Moringa extracts functional properties.
Moringa oleifera has an exceptional composition in nutrients and different medicinal compounds. Phenolic compounds present in Moringa plant could prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. An increase in the secondary metabolites of Moringa oleifera could improve its functional properties. One possible strategy to increase functional properties in plants is to cultivate them under fertilizer deficit regimes as elicitation treatment (i.e: nitrogen). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of four nitrogen levels on the phenolic compounds profiles as well as on plant growth and functional properties in Moringa oleifera leaves. Total phenols and flavonoids, antioxidant and bactericidal activities of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts were evaluated. Our results displayed that reduce fertirrigation until 0.7 mg/L of N-NO3 (T0) had a positive impact on total phenols and flavonoids with 355 ± 4.9 μg CA/mg dry extract and 316 ± 8 μg Q/mg dry extract respectively, whereas the fertirrigation with 294.7 mg/L of N-NO3 (T100) It was found only 157 ± 8.1 μg CA/mg dry extract and 54 ± 0.1 μg Q/mg dry extract respectively. The higher values of phenolic content were improved the antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts, nevertheless plant growth was affected.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Knowledge about the mechanism of action (MoA) of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is required to understand which patients with multiple myeloma (MM) benefit the most from a given mAb, alone or in ...combination therapy. Although there is considerable research about daratumumab, knowledge about other anti-CD38 mAbs remains scarce.
We performed a comprehensive analysis of the MoA of isatuximab.
Isatuximab induces internalization of CD38 but not its significant release from MM cell surface. In addition, we uncovered an association between levels of CD38 expression and different MoA: (i) Isatuximab was unable to induce direct apoptosis on MM cells with CD38 levels closer to those in patients with MM, (ii) isatuximab sensitized CD38
MM cells to bortezomib plus dexamethasone in the presence of stroma, (iii) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was triggered by CD38
and CD38
tumor plasma cells (PC), (iv) antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) was triggered only by CD38
MM cells, whereas (v) complement-dependent cytotoxicity could be triggered in less than half of the patient samples (those with elevated levels of CD38). Furthermore, we showed that isatuximab depletes CD38
B-lymphocyte precursors and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes
-the latter through activation followed by exhaustion and eventually phagocytosis.
This study provides a framework to understand response determinants in patients treated with isatuximab based on the number of MoA triggered by CD38 levels of expression, and for the design of effective combinations aimed at capitalizing disrupted tumor-stroma cell protection, augmenting NK lymphocyte-mediated ADCC, or facilitating ADCP in CD38
MM patients.
.
This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the CDPQOL questionnaire, a coeliac disease (CD)-specific paediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument (CDPQOL), in ...Spanish children with CD. The CDPQOL questionnaire has two versions for children aged 8–12 and 13–18. Translation and linguistic validation were performed following an international consensus process. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients, and convergent validity was assessed with average variance extracted (AVE). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), when necessary, were carried out to assess the construct validity. A total of 235 children were included. In the 8–12 age group, a change in the distribution of items to a new structure of three dimensions (negative emotions, food feelings and social interaction) was required. In this new model, CFA supported the fit of the model (
χ
2
/gl = 1.79, RMSEA = 0.077 (IC 95% 0.05–0.100), CFI = 0.969, TLI 0.960, SRMR = 0.081) and Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions. In the 13–18 age group, CFA showed that all fit indexes were acceptable (
χ
2
/gl = 1.702, RMSEA = 0.102 (IC 95% 0.077–0.127),
p
< 0.001, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.103) and Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients were > 0.7 in all three dimensions, except for uncertainty dimension.
Conclusions
: The Spanish version of the CDPQOL questionnaire is a useful instrument to assess quality of life in coeliac children whose native language was Spanish spoken in Spain, with changes in item distribution in the younger age group questionnaire.
What is Known:
• The first specific questionnaire for coeliac children, Dutch Coeliac Disease Questionnaire (CDDUX), which focuses on diet, was translated into Spanish and validated allowing to evaluate the HRQoL of Spanish coeliac children.
• Spanish Children and parents feel the disease had no substantial negative impacts on patient HRQoL using this questionnaire, similar to that observed with other countries.
What is New:
• The age specific for CD children (CDPQOL) was elaborated in the USA and focuses on other aspects not evaluated by CDDUX such as emotional and social issues related to living with CD.
• The CDPQOL was translated into Spanish and validated allowing it to be used to assess Spanish coeliac children’s QoL.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Little information exists regarding population-based epidemiological changes in infective endocarditis (IE) in Europe.
This study sought to analyze temporal trends in IE in Spain from 2003 to 2014.
...This retrospective, population-based, temporal trend study analyzed the incidence, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and outcome of all patients discharged from hospitals included in the Spanish National Health System with a diagnosis of IE, from January 2003 to December 2014.
Overall, 16,867 episodes of IE were identified during the study period, 66.3% in men. The rate of IE significantly increased, from 2.72 in 2003 to 3.49 per 100,000 person-years in 2014, and this rise was higher among older adults. The most frequent microorganisms were staphylococci (28.7%), followed by streptococci (20.4%) and enterococci (13.1%). Twenty-three percent of patients underwent cardiac surgery. The in-hospital mortality rate was 20.4%. Throughout the study period, the proportion of patients with previously known heart valve disease and diabetes mellitus significantly increased, whereas the prevalence of intravenous drug use decreased. Regarding microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci slightly declined, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci consistently increased over the years. In-hospital complications and cardiac surgery rates significantly increased across the years. The risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate diminished (0.2% per year) during the study period.
The incidence of IE episodes significantly increased over the decade of the study period, particularly among older adults. Relevant changes in clinical and microbiological profile included older patients with more comorbidity and a rise in enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. Adjusted mortality rates slightly declined over the study period.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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