KREATIVNOST U NASTAVI Perić, Branka
Život i škola,
06/2015, Volume:
LXI, Issue:
1
Paper
Open access
Današnji način života zahtijeva nezavisnog, odgovornog i kreativnog pojedinca te se od obrazovanja traži razvijanje kreativnog i kritičnog razmišljanja u učenika. Anketnim ispitivanjem željeli su se ...ispitati učenički stavovi o kreativnosti. Ispitanici su bili učenici viših razreda OŠ „Gradac“, njih ukupno 78. Rezultati pokazuju da učenici uz kreativnost vezuju nešto pozitivno, zanimljivo i zabavno, a uglavnom ju povezuju uz predmete koji podrazumijevaju izradu praktičnih radova. Primijećeno je da pritom učenicima pomaže strukturiranost, a važno im je i učiteljevo mišljenje. Također smatraju da bi se kreativnosti u školi trebalo dati više prostora i to ne samo u predmetima koji su vezani uz praktični rad nego i u ostalima.
Smatramo da bi obrazovanje trebalo biti proces koji razvija osobnost, talent kao i djetetove mentalne i tjelesne sposobnosti . Čini se da odgojno-obrazovni sustav i način obrazovanja budućih učitelja, u kojem je kritičko i kreativno mišljenje prilično zanemareno, ne može omogućiti važnije pomake u razvijanju kreativnosti u školama.
Since the end of the 1980s, several studies have been conducted aiming at understanding the heterogeneity of spatial planning traditions across Europe. Over the years, such studies became more ...comprehensive and included many European (and not only the European Union) countries. Nevertheless, some parts of Europe (e.g., the Western Balkans or the post-Soviet countries) usually remained excluded from the mentioned studies. To mitigate this gap, the paper focuses on the case of Russia. Using a twofold methodological approach, the paper firstly examines the attributes of Russian spatial planning (through a multi-layered analysis of the socio-economic and institutional settings, the evolution of spatial planning over a century, and contemporary planning instruments and procedures of plan-making), to then compare the attributes of the Russian spatial planning system to the core features of the European planning styles. As a result, the elements of multiple distinct spatial planning styles can be traced in Russian spatial planning: land use management and regional economic planning seem to prevail, whilst comprehensive integrated and urbanism traditions are less represented but not absent. Bearing in mind the complexity of the exercise, this contribution should be considered a preliminary attempt to enlarge the existing comparative studies beyond European countries.
•The paper examines the characteristics of Russian spatial planning.•The authors have compared the Russian spatial planning system to the features of the European planning styles.•During the Cold-War period, 1990s, spatial development in Russia became rather chaotic and unsustainable.•The authors have concluded that land use and regional economic planning seem to prevail in the planning system of Russia.•The paper is an attempt to enlarge the comparative studies in relation to planning systems beyond European countries.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper presents a novel multi-objective De Novo programming approach developed to address production planning problems. The proposed model incorporates increasing costs or quantity discounts for ...certain raw materials which were not considered in previous approaches presented in scientific literature. The efficiency of the proposed methodology was tested using a bakery production planning example. The multi-objective De Novo programming model was solved using various multi-objective programming approaches: the original De Novo programming approach, several goal programming approaches, and the global criterion method. The results indicate the successful application of the proposed methodology in solving production planning problems, with no significant difference in the efficiency of the applied multi-objective programming methods.
Background
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an increasing number of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) cases following the infection has been reported. The aim of our study ...was to detect patients with GBS treated in our hospital over a 1-year period and to compare the characteristics and outcomes of those triggered by COVID-19 with the rest of GBS patients. Our prospective study included 29 patients who were diagnosed with GBS from March 2020 to March 2021. Based on the preceding event, patients were stratified as post-COVID-19 and non-COVID-19. The GBS disability scale (GDS) was used to assess functional disability.
Results
We identified 10 (34.5%) patients with post-COVID-19 GBS and 19 (65.5%) patients with non-COVID-19 GBS. The median time from the preceding event to the symptoms onset was longer in post-COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 GBS patients (
p
= 0.04). However, the time from the symptom onset to the nadir did not differ (
p
= 0.12). GDS at admission, as well as at nadir, did not differ between these two groups. The level of proteinorrachia was higher in post-COVID-19 GBS patients (
p
= 0.035). The most frequent subtype of GBS in both groups was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). GDS score at discharge (
p
= 0.56) did not differ between two study groups.
Conclusions
There was no difference in clinical and electrophysiological features, disease course, and outcome in post-COVID-19 compared with non-COVID-19 GBS patients.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent type B trichothecene mycotoxins present in cereals such as: wheat, rye, barley, oats and corn. It initiates a wide range of toxic effects on human ...and animal health. As an edible insect species for the growing human population, Tenebrio molitor is typically fed on cereal bran or flour. In the present study T. molitor L. larvae were grown for two weeks on wheat bran artificially contaminated with DON at four concentrations: 4.9 μg/g, 8 μg/g, 16 μg/g and 25 μg/g. The effects of DON intake on survival, growth, activity of the antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the phase II biotransformation enzyme - glutathione-S-transferase (GST), protein content and locomotor activity were monitored in two-month-old T. molitor larvae. The study revealed that DON at concentrations ranging from 4.9 to 25 μg/g wheat bran reduced larval body weight and protein content. Furthermore, it increased SOD and GST activity, had no effect on CAT activity. Also, this study showed that presence of DON in these concentrations has no direct detrimental effects on larval survival, but reduced locomotor activity. The observed effects were particularly pronounced in the larvae given the highest DON concentration 25 μg/g. These finding reveals that DON in artificially contaminated wheat bran at concentrations up to 25 μg/g is able to induce dose-dependent physiological and behavioral changes in T. molitor larvae.
•Effects of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on Tenebrio molitor larvae was examined.•DON decreased larval body weight, protein content and locomotor activity.•All tested concentrations of DON affected antioxidant activity of enzymes.•T. molitor has potential to be used as bioindicator of DON contamination.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The larvae of the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor represent a new sustainable source of protein and nutrients for animal and human nutrition. To ensure safe insect-based foods, the risks of ...mycotoxins and other chemicals must be elucidated. Since oxidative stress is known to underlie many mycotoxin-induced disorders, the present work investigates the effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) on the responses of some oxidative stress biomarkers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the whole body of mealworm, as well as the effects on larval survival, body weight, and locomotor activity, and some aspects of mycotoxin accumulation. Larvae were fed artificially contaminated wheat bran containing approximately 0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg ZEA for two weeks. The results of the current study showed that ZEA-contaminated wheat bran at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg was correlated with increased SOD, CAT, and GST enzyme activities and decreased locomotor activity. Higher concentrations of ZEA, i.e., 2 and 5 mg/kg caused enzymes and locomotor activity to return to control levels. The presence of ZEA in the diet for two weeks did not affect survival but resulted in lower weight gain in T. molitor larvae. The concentration of ZEA in the residual material was 21.1–37.6%, while in the larvae it accounted for 0.38–0.51% of the mycotoxin in the feed. The selected concentrations were in accordance with the EU limits for the presence of ZEA in food and with the levels found in naturally contaminated cereals. Our results suggest that ZEA at the tested concentration induces physiological, biochemical, and behavioral changes in larvae that could potentially serve as early markers of mycotoxin contamination.
•Effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) in feed on Tenebrio molitor larvae.•Reduction of weight gain depending on ZEA concentration.•Increased activity of antioxidant enzymes at lower ZEA concentrations.•Decreased locomotor activity at lower ZEA concentrations.•Absence of biochemical and behavioral effects at higher ZEA concentrations.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The current study extends our previous findings concerning the sensitivity of Lymantria dispar larvae to cadmium in light of ecotoxicological risk assessment. Here we report the results of the comet ...assay performed for the first time on this species. We examined the chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations (50 and 100 μg Cd/g dry food) on DNA integrity and haemocyte viability, as well as on fitness-related traits (larval mass and development duration parameters). All parameters were assessed individually and then used to calculate the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index. Egg-masses of L. dispar were collected from two locations in Serbia - the uncontaminated Homolje mountains and a metal-polluted area near Bor copper mines, smelter and refinery. Distinctive patterns in the response of these populations to cadmium exposure were noticed. In haemocytes of larvae from the pollution-free location both cadmium treatments increased the level of DNA damage, although in a similar range. Haemocyte viability and larval mass were reduced, while duration of the fourth instar and total development time were prolonged in a concentration-dependent manner. Cadmium tolerance was noticeable in the population from the metal-contaminated site at all organizational levels. Nevertheless, haemocyte viability in that population was reduced by the stronger treatment. Haemocyte viability was recognized as a promising biomarker due to the evident response of both populations to dietary cadmium. Genotoxicity, fitness-related traits and the IBR index could be used for biomonitoring of sensitive populations not previously exposed to metals.
Display omitted
Application of biomarkers in Cd biomonitoring using L. dispar larvae as the indicator organism should be population-specific, depending on potential adaptations to different habitats.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
Our objective was to assess the effects of COVID‐19 antiepidemic measures and subsequent changes in the function of the health care system on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancers ...in the Republic of Croatia.
Subjects, Materials, and Methods
We performed a retrospective, population‐ and registry‐based study during 2020. The comparator was the number of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer during 2017, 2018, and 2019. The outcome was the change in number of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases.
Results
The average monthly percent change after the initial lockdown measures were introduced was −11.0% (95% confidence interval − 22.0% to 1.5%), resulting in a 24% reduction of the newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in Croatia during April, May, and June compared with the same period of 2019. However, during 2020, only 1% fewer new cases were detected than in 2019, or 6% fewer than what would be expected based on the linear trend during 2017–2019.
Conclusion
It seems that national health care system measures for controlling the spread of COVID‐19 had a detrimental effect on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in Croatia during the first lockdown. As it is not plausible to expect an epidemiological change to occur at the same time, this may result in later diagnosis, later initiation of treatment, and less favorable outcomes in the future. However, the effect weakened after the first lockdown and COVID‐19 control measures were relaxed, and it has not reoccurred during the second COVID‐19 wave. Although the COVID‐19 lockdown affected the number of newly diagnosed breast cancers, the oncology health care system has shown resilience and compensated for these effects by the end of 2020.
Implications for Practice
It is possible to compensate for the adverse effects of COVID‐19 pandemic control measures on breast cancer diagnosis relatively promptly, and it is of crucial importance to do it as soon as possible. Moreover, as shown by this study's results on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases during the second wave of the pandemic, these adverse effects are preventable to a non‐negligible extent.
This article assesses the effects of COVID‐19 on the number of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in the Republic of Croatia.
Background/Aim. Risk factors for malnutrition of patients during hospitalization have not been precisely deter-mined. The aim of the study was to determine these factors in hospitalized ...gastroenterological patients. Methods. Nutritional status (NS) of 650 gastroenterological patients was assessed at the hospital admission and at discharge by the six parameters: unintentional weight loss, lymphocyte count, serum albumin concentration, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, and mid-upper arm muscle circumference. The influence on NS at discharge was tested for ten factors: gender, age, affected organ, the nature, severity, and complications of the disease, the length of hospitalization, mobility worsening during hospitalization, Karnofsky score, and NS on admission. Primary and secondary risk factors were defined among the factors significantly influencing malnutrition. Results. Seven factors were found to be the independent predictors for malnutrition in hospitalized gastroenterological patients. NS at admission was considered as a primary risk factor (Forward: Wald multivariate logistic regression analysis, p < 0.001 for five applied assessment parameters). The other six factors, obtained in the evaluation according to 1-3 assessment parameters, were considered as secondary risk factors: severe disease activity, malignancy, the existence of complications, male gender, hospitalization > 14 days, and mobility worsening during the hospitalization (Forward: Wald multivariate logistic regression analysis, p from 0.001 to 0.027). Conclusion. There are seven risk factors for malnutrition among gastroenterological patients during hospitalization. Timely nutritional support in these patients can prevent the development of intrahospital malnutrition and its negative influence on the clinical outcome.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) feeds on wheat bran and is considered both a pest and an edible insect. Its larvae contain proteins and essential amino acids, fats, and ...minerals, making them suitable for animal and human consumption. Zearalenone (ZEA) is the mycotoxin most commonly associated with Fusarium spp. It is found in cereals and cereal products, so their consumption is a major risk for mycotoxin contamination. One of the most important effects of ZEA is the induction of oxidative stress, which leads to physiological and behavioral changes. This study deals with the effects of high doses of ZEA (10 and 20 mg/kg) on survival, molting, growth, weight gain, activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and locomotion of mealworm larvae. Both doses of ZEA were found to (i) have no effect on survival, (ii) increase molting frequency, SOD, and GST activity, and (iii) decrease body weight and locomotion, with more pronounced changes at 20 mg/kg. These results indicated the susceptibility of T. molitor larvae to high doses of ZEA in feed.
PDF
