Lung cancer most often presents as an inoperable tumour and the diagnosis is usually performed on a small biopsy/cytology specimen. In the group of non small cell lung cancer - not otherwise ...specified, adenocarcinoma phenotype can be determined immunohistochemically using TTF-1 and Napsin A. Expression of oncofetal protein IMP3 in human cancer is associated with poor differentiation and aggressive behaviour. In the present study expression of IMP3 was correlated with expression of TTF-1 and Napsin A, histological subtype and clinical stage of lung adenocarcinoma. We were interested whether distant metastases are associated with IMP3 overexpression, regardless of the histologic subtype of adenocarcinoma.
In retrospective study, consecutive series of 105 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 2006 to 2009 in Clinical Hospital Center Split, Croatia, were analysed. Clinical data were collected from the Pulmology Department and time of death from the Mortality Registry. Paraffin blocks of bronchoscopic biopsies were collected from the Institute of Pathology and 15 cases excluded from the analysis due to insufficient material. Expression of IMP3, Napsin A and TTF-1 were analysed by indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed and P values less than 0.05 considered significant.
Of 90 patients, 71 (78%) were males and 19 (22%) females. Median age for males was 61.5 years (min-max 43-83) and for females 61 years (min-max 44-86). Pleural effusion was found in 15 (16.6%) and distant metastases in 45 (50%) cases. According to histological subtypes, there were 34 acinar, 2 lepidic, 2 papillary and 52 solid subtypes. IMP3 overexpression was found in 63 cases (70%) and was correlated with solid subtype (P = 0.002) and negative/weak Napsin A expression (P = 0.004). Strong Napsin A expression correlated with TTF-1 expression (P = 0.003) and lower histological grades (P = 0.031). Patients with IMP3 overexpression more often had distant metastases than patients with negative IMP3, 55.5% versus 33.3% (P = 0.033). Non solid subtypes with IMP3 overexpression developed distant metastasis more common than non solid subtypes with negative IMP3, 72% versus 35% (P = 0.028).
Expression of IMP3 correlates with solid subtype and with distant metastases regardless of histological subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.
http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1966211581795258
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ovarian and fallopian tube cancer, i.e., adnexal tumours, and primary peritoneal cancer is the sixth most common female cancer and the deadliest gynecologic tumor in Croatia. Hystologically, these ...tumors are most commonly of epithelial origin, a serous subtype. Less common are various non-epithelial ovarian malignancies, as well as ovarian metastases. A special group consists of epithelial carcinomas of low malignant potential characterized by non-invasiveness, clinically indolent course, and good prognosis. Clinically, these cancers are generally asymptomatic in early stages, and therefore usually diagnosed in later, advanced stages. The diagnosis is confirmed by pathological examination, or exceptionally by cell block cytology finding after the completion of diagnostic procedures. Multidisciplinary team makes treatment and follow-up decisions, taking into account patients’ (age, general condition, and comorbidities) and tumor characteristics (stage of disease, histological type and grade, homologous recombination status or BRCA gene 1 and 2 status, as well as the response and toxicity to previous treatment in case of relapse). The treatment of primary ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer is based on surgical procedures, systemic administration of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy, as well as symptomatic-supportive measures throughout the whole treatment. Treatment approach differs in less frequent non-epithelial histological types of these tumors because they are commonly diagnosed in early stages of the disease, have a more indolent course, different disease biology and sensitivity to systemic treatment. The following text presents the updated and supplemented clinical guidelines in order to standardize procedures and criteria for diagnosis, management, treatment and monitoring of patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer in Croatia. The first edition of the guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with ovarian cancer was published in 2013.1
Rak jajnika i jajovoda, odnosno adneksa, i primarni rak potrbušnice jest šesta po učestalosti zloćudna bolest žena i najsmrtonosniji ginekološki tumor u Hrvatskoj. Histološki je rak jajnika, jajovoda ...i potrbušnice najčešće epitelnog podrijetla, i to seroznog podtipa. Rjeđi su različiti neepitelni tumori jajnika kao i presadnice u jajnike. Posebnu skupinu čine karcinomi niskog zloćudnog potencijala označeni neinvazivnošću, klinički indolentnim tijekom i dobrom prognozom. Klinički su karcinomi u ranim stadijima razvoja uglavnom asimptomatski, tako da se najčešće dijagnosticiraju u kasnijim, uznapredovalim stadijima bolesti. Dijagnoza se potvrđuje patohistološkim nalazom, a iznimno nalazom citološkog bloka nakon provedene dijagnostičke obrade. O liječenju i praćenju bolesnica odlučuje multidisciplinarni tim uzimajući u obzir osobitosti bolesnice (dob, opće stanje i komorbiditete) kao i obilježja samog tumora (stadij bolesti, histološki tip i stupanj zloćudnosti tumora, status homologne rekombinacije, odnosno gena BRCA 1 i 2 kao i odgovor na prethodno liječenje i popratnu toksičnost ako se radi o povratu bolesti). Liječenje primarnog raka jajnika, jajovoda i potrbušnice temelji se na kirurškom liječenju, sistemskoj primjeni kemoterapije, imunoterapije, ciljane terapije i hormonske terapije kao i suportivno-simptomatskih mjera tijekom cijelog liječenja. Terapijski pristup se razlikuje kod rjeđih neepitelnih histoloških tipova ovih tumora jer se češće dijagnosticiraju u ranim stadijima bolesti, imaju indolentniji tijek, drugačiju biologiju bolesti kao i osjetljivost na sistemsko liječenje. U tekstu koji slijedi predstavljene su obnovljene i nadopunjene kliničke upute s ciljem standardizacije postupaka i kriterija postavljanja dijagnoze, liječenja te praćenja bolesnica s rakom jajnika, jajovoda i potrbušnice u Hrvatskoj. Prvo izdanje smjernica za dijagnozu, liječenje i praćenje bolesnica s rakom jajnika objavljeno je 2013. godine.1
Although most ingested foreign bodies usually pass through the gastrointestinal tract asymptomatically, toothpick injury to the gastrointestinal tract is often associated with significant morbidity ...and mortality. Toothpick perforation of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently reported but, to the best of our knowledge, bacteremia caused by an impacted toothpick within the gastric mucosa has not yet been described. Here, we report the case of bacteremia caused by an accidentally swallowed toothpick. The toothpick was impacted deeply in the gastric mucosa and was first seen and localized on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). CT scan is a very useful imaging technique in such situations since we lack typical and relevant physical findings or laboratory studies that go with accidentally swallowed objects, in this case a toothpick. Flexible endoscopy was successful in extracting the whole toothpick. In cases without free perforation, flexible endoscopy is the treatment of choice in toothpick removal from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Dezmoplastični okrugli malostanični tumor ( DSRCT) je rijedak maligni tumor koji se pojavljuje u mla|ih muškaraca i najčešće zahvaća peritonej. To je agresivan tumor s lošom prognozom. Ovdje ćemo ...prikazati slučaj 23-godišnjeg muškarca s dijagnosticiranim DSRCT, koji je u početku predstavljao dijagnostički i klinički problem.
The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including ...beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.e., serve as shelters) but may also exert a strong influence on terrestrial community diversity in the engineered and neighboring hosts via colonization by secondary occupants. Although different traits of the host plant (e.g., physical, chemical, and architectural features) may affect the potential for ecosystem engineering by insects, such effects have been, to a certain degree, overlooked. Further analyses of how plant traits affect the occurrence of shelters may therefore enrich our understanding of the organizing principles of plant‐based communities. This data set includes more than 1000 unique records of ecosystem engineering by arthropods, in the form of structures built on plants. All records have been published in the literature, and span both natural structures (91% of the records) and structures artificially created by researchers (9% of the records). The data were gathered between 1932 and 2021, across more than 50 countries and several ecosystems, ranging from polar to tropical zones. In addition to data on host plants and engineers, we aggregated data on the type of constructs and the identity of inquilines using these structures. This data set highlights the importance of these subtle structures for the organization of terrestrial arthropod communities, enabling hypotheses testing in ecological studies addressing ecosystem engineering and facilitation mediated by constructs. There are no copyright restrictions and please cite this paper when using the data in publications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in ...microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short‐ versus long‐term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non‐rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long‐ and short‐term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long‐term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
Species sensitive to harsh climatic conditions often find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. Both long‐term climate and weather conditions during our global experiment significantly influenced arthropod occupancy of leaf rolls. Leaf shelters support larger organisms and higher species richness than non‐rolled control leaves, and these effects were strengthened under arid conditions. Evidence suggests that shelter use behavior by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are therefore likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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