The main purpose of this paper is to critically reassess the theoretical foundations and the methodological development of Systemic Intervention (SI) – as a new paradigm, based on theoretical and ...methodological pluralism – in order to determine the conditions, the ways and the results of its application in managing complex problems in enterprises. The employed instrumentarium is critical systems thinking, with its commitments to the critical awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of each research instrument for tackling problems in enterprises, the improvement of managing complex problems, and pluralism – respecting different interpretations of problem situations and enabling the combined use of research instruments. The main finding is that SI can underpin the process of structuring complex management problems in enterprises in a scientifically based and practically useful manner. In a scientific sense, the important implication of the conducted research is that it contributes to holistic understanding, conceptualizing and managing problem situations in enterprises. The relevant practical implication for managers is that – through a critical use of the SI methodology – they can creatively enhance the strategic management process in enterprises.
Serbia is one of the few European countries that does not keep official statistics and does not have data on heating degree days. A heating degree day (HDD) represents a measure to quantify the ...energy needs for heating a building. In order to create a database, six meteorological stations in Serbia had been selected, for which the heating degree days were calculated for every year in the period 2010-2018. The months with the highest values of heating degree days were also determined for each year of the analyzed period. In addition to the annual level, heating degree days in the heating seasons over the analyzed period were calculated for the six selected stations, as well as the length and the average air temperature of each heating season. In Serbia, heating season officially lasts from October 15 to April 15. To determine the influence of the calculated annual heating degree days on fuelwood consumption in households in Serbia, over the period 2010-2018, multiple econometric models were formulated. The influence of the annual values of heating degree days on fuelwood consumption for household space heating in Slovenia and Croatia was analyzed, as well. The analysis of energy consumption in the households of the selected countries showed that wood fuels are mostly used for heating, primarily fuelwood. This is the reason why this type of fuel was selected for the research.
Srbija je jedna od malobrojnih europskih zemalja koja ne vodi službenu statistiku i nema podatke o broju stupanj-dana grijanja. Broj stupanj-dana grijanja mjera je koja se primjenjuje za određivanje energije potrebne za grijanje objekta. Kako bi se formirala baza podataka, odabrano je šest meteoroloških postaja u Srbiji za koje je izračunan broj stupanj-dana grijanja za svaku godinu u razdoblju 2010. – 2018. Osim toga, određeni su mjeseci s najvećim brojem stupanj-dana grijanja za svaku godinu analiziranog razdoblja. Osim na godišnjoj razini, izračunan je broj stupanj-dana grijanja u sezonama grijanja tijekom analiziranog razdoblja za šest odabranih postaja, kao i trajanje i srednja temperatura svake sezone grijanja. Sezona grijanja u Srbiji službeno traje od 15. listopada do 15 travnja. Izrađeni su višestruki ekonometrijski modeli kako bi se u kućanstvima u Srbiji u razdoblju 2010. – 2018. utvrdio utjecaj izračunanih godišnjih vrijednosti broja stupanj-dana grijanja na potrošnju ogrjevnog drva. Također je analiziran utjecaj godišnjih vrijednosti broja stupanj-dana grijanja na potrošnju ogrjevnog drva u Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj. Analiza potrošnje energije u kućanstvima u promatranim zemljama pokazala je da se za grijanje najviše iskorištava drvna biomasa, osobito ogrjevno drvo. To je i bio razlog zašto je ta vrsta goriva odabrana za istraživanje.
Serbia is one of the few European countries that does not keep official statistics and does not have data on heating degree days. A heating degree day (HDD) represents a measure to quantify the ...energy needs for heating a building. In order to create a database, six meteorological stations in Serbia had been selected, for which the heating degree days were calculated for every year in the period 2010-2018. The months with the highest values of heating degree days were also determined for each year of the analyzed period. In addition to the annual level, heating degree days in the heating seasons over the analyzed period were calculated for the six selected stations, as well as the length and the average air temperature of each heating season. In Serbia, heating season officially lasts from October 15 to April 15. To determine the influence of the calculated annual heating degree days on fuelwood consumption in households in Serbia, over the period 2010-2018, multiple econometric models were formulated. The influence of the annual values of heating degree days on fuelwood consumption for household space heating in Slovenia and Croatia was analyzed, as well. The analysis of energy consumption in the households of the selected countries showed that wood fuels are mostly used for heating, primarily fuelwood. This is the reason why this type of fuel was selected for the research. Keywords: heating degree days; heating season; fuelwood; households; space heating Srbija je jedna od malobrojnih europskih zemalja koja ne vodi sluzbenu statistiku i nema podatke o broju stupanj-dana grijanja. Broj stupanj-dana grijanja mjera je koja se primjenjuje za odredivanje energije potrebne zagrijanje objekta. Kako bi se formirala baza podataka, odabrano je sest meteoroloskih postaja u Srbiji za kojeje izracunan broj stupanj-dana grijanja za svaku godinu u razdoblju 2010. - 2018. Osim toga, odredeni su mjeseci s najvecim brojem stupanj-dana grijanja za svaku godinu analiziranog razdoblja. Osim na godisnjoj razini, izracunan je broj stupanj-dana grijanja u sezonama grijanja tijekom analiziranog razdoblja za sest odabranih postaja, kao i trajanje i srednja temperatura svake sezone grijanja. Sezona grijanja u Srbiji sluzbeno traje od 15. listopada do 15 travnja. Izradeni su visestruki ekonometrijski modeli kako bi se u kucanstvima u Srbiji u razdoblju 2010. - 2018. utvrdio utjecaj izracunanih godisnjih vrijednosti broja stupanj-dana grijanja na potrosnju ogrjevnog drva. Takoderje analiziran utjecaj godisnjih vrijednosti broja stupanj-dana grijanja na potrosnju ogrjevnog drva u Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj. Analiza potrosnje energije u kucanstvima u promatranim zemljama pokazala je da se za grijanje najvise iskoristava drvna biomasa, osobito ogrjevno drvo. To je i bio razlog zastoje ta vrsta goriva odabrana za istrazivanje. Kljucne rijeci: broj stupanj-dana grijanja; sezona grijanja; ogrjevno drvo; kucanstva; grijanje
The increasing complexity and diversity of management problem situations in organizations, as well as the increasing variety of theories, methodologies, methods, techniques, and models that can be ...employed in problem situation structuring and solving, must be considered as relevant aspects of management process in contemporary circumstances. Creative holism in management problem situations in organizations is enabled by means of Critical Systems Thinking (CST) as well as Critical Systems Practice (CSP), as the resulting metamethodology. In other words, through CST and CSP, it can be significantly contributed to the management of the increasing diversity and variety of methodologies, methods, techniques, and models, with the aim of improving the management of problem situations in organizations.
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