Abstract Objectives The purpose of the study was to establish activity intensity cut-points for the GENEA accelerometer via calibration with oxygen consumption ( V ˙ O 2 ). Design The study was a ...lab-based validation and calibration study. Methods Forty-four children, aged 8–14 years, completed eight activities (ranging from lying supine to a medium paced run) whilst wearing GENEA accelerometers at three locations (each wrist and at the right hip), an ActiGraph GT1M at the hip and a portable gas analyser. ActiGraph output and V ˙ O 2 were used for assessment of concurrent and criterion validity, respectively. Pearson's r correlations were used to assess validity of the GENEA monitors at each location and location-specific activity intensity cut-points were established via Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis. Results The GENEA showed good criterion validity at both wrist locations (right: r = .900; left: r = .910, both p < 0.01), although the hip-mounted monitor demonstrated significantly higher criterion validity ( r = .965, p < 0.05). Similar results were shown for concurrent validity (right: r = .830; left: r = .845; hip: r = .985, all p < 0.01). GENEAs, irrespective of wear location, accurately discriminated between all activity intensities (sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous) with the hip mounted monitor recording the largest area under the curve for each intensity (area under the curve = 0.94–0.99). Conclusions The GENEA can be used to accurately assess children's physical activity intensity when worn at either the wrist or the hip.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Objectives The GT1M ActiGraph has been replaced by the triaxial GT3X which includes an inclinometer to detect postures. The purpose of this study was to investigate comparability of the GT3X ...to the GT1M and to develop activity intensity cut-points for the vector magnitude of the GT3X (VMGT3X ) in children. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the validity of the GT3X inclinometer for detecting postures. Design Forty-nine children aged 10–15 were tested during semi-structured activities in a laboratory setting (lying, sitting, standing, Nintendo Wii boxing, walking and running). Methods Expired respiratory gases were measured continuously using the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system. Simultaneously, ActiGraph counts by a GT3X and a GT1M were recorded. Results Significantly higher counts were found for GT3X vertical mean counts per second (vcps) and antero-posterior counts per second (apcps) during running, relative to the GT1M. Cut-points for the VMGT3X , developed using Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curves (development group N = 32, validation group N = 17), were <3 counts s−1 for sedentary (cross-validation: 87% correctly classified), 3–56 counts s−1 for light (cross-validation: 70% correctly classified) and >56 counts s−1 for moderate to vigorous (mvpa) (cross-validation: 86% correctly classified). The inclinometer correctly classified standing 20%, lying 15%, sitting 94% and the off position 45% of the time. Conclusions The vcps from the two monitors differ for certain activities. Cross-validated cut-points for the classification of VMGT3X counts into sedentary, light and mvpa are presented. Posture classification by the GT3X should be interpreted with care, as misclassifications are common.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
High rates of mental illness among students and discontinuation with university studies are regularly reported. The current study sought to explore relationships between motivation, university ...adaptation and indicators of mental health and well-being and academic performance of 184 first-year university students (73% female, mean age = 19.3 years). As expected, intrinsic motivation was associated with greater subjective well-being, meaning in life and academic performance. Extrinsic motivations showed few relationships to outcome variables, while amotivation was consistently associated with poor outcomes. Hierarchical regression revealed that after accounting for adjustment, motivational orientations provided a small, though significant, contribution to the prediction of outcomes. These results are discussed in relation to Self-Determination Theory, the eudaimonic/hedonic dichotomy and implications for career counselling and teaching.
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This study sought to estimate the frequency of harassment, threats, assault and stalking faced by Victorian Members of Parliament (MPs), with a focus on gender and experience of online abuse. 46 of ...128 MPs completed an online survey (36 per cent). 82 per cent reported experiences of harassment, 85 per cent reported threats of harm, and 35 per cent reported stalking, with most reporting lifestyle changes in response. Female MPs were more likely than males to report all these experiences. Almost 100 per cent of MPs using social media reported online abuse. Abuse about political positions or general defamatory statements were most common (95 per cent and 87 per cent respectively) and were experienced equally by male and female MPs. 50 per cent reported gender-based abuse, with 85 per cent of female MPs reporting such abuse. Results highlight the frequency and impact of abuse and harassment of MPs by the public, and support the need for increased awareness of, and accessibility to, expert advice, threat assessment and interventions.
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What is the nature of grassroots activism? How and why do individuals get involved or attempt to make change for themselves, others, or their own communities? What motivates activists to maintain ...momentum when their efforts to redress injustices or paths toward change seem difficult or personally risky to navigate? These questions and more are addressed in Grassroots Activisms: Public Rhetorics in Localized Contexts. Featuring a diverse array of both local activist profiles and original scholarly essays, the collection amplifies and analyzes the tactics of grassroots activists working locally to intervene in a variety of social injustices—from copwatching and policy reform to Indigenous resistance against land colonization to #RageAgainstRape. Attuned to the demanding—and often underappreciated—work of grassroots activism, this book interrogates how such efforts unfold within and against existing historical, cultural, social, and political realities of local communities; are informed by the potentials and constraints of coalition-building; and ultimately shape different facets of society at the local level. This collection acknowledges and celebrates the complexity of grassroots activist work, showing how these less-recognized efforts often effect change where institutions have failed.
Fear of positive evaluation (FPE) is becoming recognised as an important component of social anxiety that is distinct from fear of negative evaluation (FNE). While core belief scales exist for fear ...of negative evaluation (FNE), none has been developed for FPE. Therefore, this paper describes the development and validation of a measure of core beliefs that is specific to FPE. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on 60 initial items with an Australian undergraduate sample, in which a confirmatory factor analysis was performed with an independent Australian general population sample. A series of further analyses were performed to test convergent and divergent validity. The Positive Evaluation Core Beliefs Scale (PECS) emerged as a 17-item two-factor psychometrically valid measure that correlates more strongly with measurement of FPE than FNE. The PECS measure offers a new opportunity for researchers and clinicians to better explore cognitions associated with social anxiety.
•A core belief scale for fear of positive evaluation in social anxiety was developed.•Pressure to perform, hiding talents, and hidden self core beliefs account for fear of positive evaluation.•High standards and rank factor core beliefs account for fear of negative evaluation.•Core beliefs differ between fear of positive and negative evaluation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
7.
Meaning in Life and Substance Use Csabonyi, Matthew; Phillips, Lisa J.
The Journal of humanistic psychology,
01/2020, Volume:
60, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Viktor Frankl theorized that an absence of meaning in one’s life can result in boredom and apathy—the “existential vacuum”—and attempts to avoid or “escape” the vacuum can include short-acting ...distracting behaviors. This study investigated whether the presence of meaning (PM) or the search for meaning are associated with alcohol, drug, and cigarette use by young adults, and whether boredom mediates those relationships. Hundred and seventy-six young adults completed the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and provided information about cigarette and illicit drug use over the preceding year. The results partly support Frankl’s model: higher PM was associated with lower alcohol/other drug use and boredom mediated those relationships, but PM was not related to cigarette smoking. Contrary to Frankl’s model, no relationship was found between search for meaning and alcohol, drug, or cigarette use. This suggests that psychological interventions that assist individuals who use drugs or alcohol to identify meaning or purpose in their lives might reduce levels of drug and alcohol use. The process of searching for meaning may not have substantial direct impact on levels of substance use, but once some meaning was established there may be decreased impetus to continue using drugs and alcohol.
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Dedicated to organizing workers from diverse racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, many of whom were considered "unorganizable" by other unions, the progressive New York City-based labor union ...District 65 counted among its 30,000 members retail clerks, office workers, warehouse workers, and wholesale workers. In this book, Lisa Phillips presents a distinctive study of District 65 and its efforts to secure economic equality for minority workers in sales and processing jobs in small, low-end shops and warehouses throughout the city. Phillips shows how organizers fought tirelessly to achieve better hours and higher wages for "unskilled," unrepresented workers and to destigmatize the kind of work they performed. _x000B__x000B_Closely examining the strategies employed by District 65 from the 1930s through the early Cold War years, Phillips assesses the impact of the McCarthy era on the union's quest for economic equality across divisions of race, ethnicity, and skill. Though their stories have been overshadowed by those of auto, steel, and electrical workers who forced American manufacturing giants to unionize, the District 65 workers believed their union provided them with an opportunity to re-value their work, the result of an economy inclining toward fewer manufacturing jobs and more low-wage service and processing jobs._x000B__x000B_Phillips recounts how District 65 first broke with the CIO over the latter's hostility to left-oriented politics and organizing agendas, then rejoined to facilitate alliances with the NAACP. In telling the story of District 65 and detailing community organizing efforts during the first part of the Cold War and under the AFL-CIO umbrella, A Renegade Union continues to revise the history of the left-led unions of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. _x000B_
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About the case: First-generation Latinx students in technical and professional communication (TPC) and other graduate programs represent a growing percentage of students, yet stories of their ...experiences within higher education remain muted. We analyzed 10 Latinx testimonios (culturally situated narratives) wherein they voice their experiences as first-generation students in US graduate programs. Testimonialistas expressed how they navigate the complexities of being first-generation students and described how they persist and enact social justice. Situating the case: TPC programs may examine the relationship between social injustices and student retention and recruitment efforts, yet there is a dearth of literature regarding specific obstacles that Latinx students face. We examined how they build success through coalitional action and culturally informed tactical decision-making. Methods: We recruited participants who self-identified as first-generation Latinx students in TPC and other graduate programs. We conducted and recorded semistructured interview sessions based in testimonio and intersectional feminist methodologies. We used qualitative data coding and MAXQDA coding software to assemble and map social justice themes at work across the testimonios . Results: Analysis suggests that first-generation Latinx graduate students draw on complex informal and formal networks to aid their success, desire more effective culturally responsive mentorship, and develop tactical decision-making skills to circumvent oppressive behaviors. Conclusions: We suggest that directors, mentors, administrators, faculty, and Latinx students begin with a social justice framework to better listen to, understand, and address first-generation Latinx college experiences and build cohort-based support mechanisms into programmatic objectives and professional development sessions.
Abstract Background Identification of individuals “prodromal” for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders relies on criteria that predict onset within a brief period. Previous trials and ...biological research have been predicated on the view that certain “ultra high risk” (UHR) criteria detect “the prodrome”, but there is a need to test the validity of these criteria. Aim To assess the predictive validity of the UHR criteria in a clinical population. Method The presence of UHR criteria was determined in 292 help-seeking individuals. At 2 year follow-up the number of new cases of psychotic disorder was assessed. Results The criteria significantly predicted onset of psychotic disorder within 2 years. The transition rate of 16% was much lower than in initial cohorts (over 40%). Conclusions The predictive validity of UHR criteria depends on the sample to which they are applied. Although young help-seekers meeting these criteria are at greater risk of psychotic disorder than those who do not meet them, caution is needed in their management, since a high transition rate can no longer be assumed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
