Knowledge of the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) values of different slip modes is important for accurately modeling plastic deformation of hexagonal materials. Here, we demonstrate that CRSS ...can be directly measured with an in-situ high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) experiment. A commercially pure Ti tensile specimen was deformed up to 2.6% strain. In-situ far-field HEDM experiments were carried out to track the evolution of crystallographic orientations, centers of masses, and stress states of 1153 grains in a material volume of 1.1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm. Predominant prismatic slip was identified in 18 grains, where the orientation change occurred primarily by rotation around the c-axis during specimen deformation. By analyzing the resolved shear stress on individual slip systems, the estimated CRSS for prismatic slip is 96 ± 18 MPa. Predominant basal slip was identified in 22 other grains, where the orientation change occurred primarily by tilting the c-axis about an axis in the basal plane. The estimated CRSS for basal slip is 127 ± 33 MPa. The ratio of CRSSbasal/CRSSprismatic is in the range of 1.7–2.1. From indirect assessment, the CRSS for pyramidal 〈c+a〉 slip is likely greater than 240 MPa. Grain size and free surface effects on the CRSS value in different grains are also examined.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Slip transfer criteria using both geometry and activated slip systems.•Slip transfer complexity illustrated with bcc and hexagonal metal examples.•Importance of combined computational simulations ...and experimental characterization.•Need for inclusion of slip transfer and damage nucleation criteria in simulations.
The effect of slip transfer on heterogeneous deformation of polycrystals has been a topic of recurring interest, as this process can either lead to the nucleation of damage, or prevent nucleation of damage. This paper examines recent experimental characterization of slip transfer in tantalum, TiAl, and Ti alloys. The methods used to analyze and assess evidence for the occurrence of slip transfer are discussed. Comparisons between a characterized and simulated patch of microstructure are used to illustrate synergy that leads to new insights that cannot arise with either approach alone.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Far-field high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) was used to study {101‾2}〈1‾011〉 twinning in Ti. Twin nucleation within a bulk parent grain is observed at a resolved shear stress (RSS) of ...225MPa. During unloading, the RSS on the twin plane reversed sign, providing a driving force for detwinning. Formation of the twin, however, prevented the parent grain from returning to its original stress state even after complete unloading. The twin morphology and surrounding environment were examined using near-field HEDM.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) disease had first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and since then, it has emerged as a global threat to humanity. An ...early diagnosis and isolation are the most significant measures required to prevent its spread. Recent anecdotal evidence has suggested impairment of olfactory and gustatory sensations associated with corona virus disease (COVID-19). Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 is an important aspect for the manifestations seen in this deadly viral disease. The associated olfactory and gustatory dysfunction can also lead to partial and/or complete loss of the ability to smell and taste in the early stages of disease onset. Evidence has also suggested that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in human saliva makes it the carrier of the infectious viral disease and aids in its diagnosis. The present review focuses on the listed clinical manifestations in the form of olfactory and gustatory impairment in SARS-CoV-2 virus disease.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose: Recently, human amniotic membrane (AM) has been reported to have regenerative potential that facilitate repair in the field of oral and periodontal surgeries. Methods: Eighteen subjects with ...bilateral Miller's class I gingival recession defects were selected. Subjects were allocated randomly to treatment with coronally positioned flap + amnion allograft (test group) and coronally positioned flap alone (control group). The clinical parameters used in this study were width of attached gingiva (AG), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), length of gingival recession (RL), width of gingival recession (RW). Results: The mean width of attached gingiva at the control sites (A) was found to be 1.33 ± 0.50 mm (range 1.00-2.00), 2.00 ± 0.71 mm (range 2.00-3.00) and 2.22 ± 0.67 mm (range 2.00-3.00) on day 0, 90 and 180, respectively. Thus, it was increased by 0.67 mm and 0.89 mm on day 90 and 180 compared to that of the baseline, which are 50% and 67%, respectively. Conclusions: It can be concluded that combined coronally advanced flap and amniotic membrane have additional advantage in the outcome of periodontal therapy in the management of gingival recession.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Mixed dentition space analysis helps in determining the discrepancy between the available and required space in each dental arch during the mixed dentition period; further, it helps to diagnose and ...plan the treatment of developing malocclusion.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyer's methods of predicting the size of permanent canines and premolars and compare the tooth size between the right and left sides between males and females, and also to compare the predicted values of mesiodistal widths of permanent canines and premolars from Tanaka and Johnston and Moyer's method with the measured values.
The sample consisted of 58 sets of study models, of which 20 were girls and 38 were boys, that were collected from the children of the 12-15 year age-group. A digital vernier gauge, whose beaks were sharpened, was used to measure the mesiodistal widths of the individual teeth in order to increase accuracy.
The two-tailed paired
-tests were used to assess the bilateral symmetry of the mesiodistal diameter of all measured individual teeth.
It was concluded that Tanaka and Johnston's method could not accurately predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars of children of Kanpur city due to the high variability in estimation, whereas the least statistically significant difference was obtained only at 65% level of Moyer's probability chart for male, female, and combined sample.
Gaur S, Singh N, Singh R,
Mixed Dentition Analysis in and around Kanpur City: An Existential and Illustrative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):603-609.
•The molecular phylogenetic study confirmed the fungal isolate as an endophyte (Beltraniella species) with submitted GenBank Id MH295767.1.•GC–MS analysis revealed eleven different secondary ...metabolites (natural products) where compound Tetrapentacontane is highly abundant (54.63%).•Many of the identified natural products have well documented biological properties including essential oil component, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, recognized fragrant molecule.•The natural products of the endophyte are unique to it and unable to produce by the host plant K. assamica (leaf).
Endophytes; a ubiquitous group of microorganisms considered as a gem box of bioactive constituents of medical significance. Studies on this emerging field is very less among the research communities. The present study focused on the molecular phylogenetics of the endophytic fungus that associated with the leaf of Kayea assamica, an endemic plant species of Northeast India and identification of its secondary metabolites (natural product) that produced under in vitro condition. The endogenous fungus was isolated from the sterile disease-free leaf segment (1 cm), followed by PCR amplification of ITS region using the extracted genomic DNA as a template. Further, the crude methanol extract of the fungal culture was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the fungal isolate as Beltraniella species (endophyte). The ITS sequence was submitted to GenBank database (Id MH295767.1). The GC-MS analysis revealed eleven different secondary metabolites at different retention times. Many of these compounds have been reported to be plant & endophytic metabolite, essential oil component, recognized fragrant molecule, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activities etc. The findings projected that the endophyte may have a significant role in the host-defense mechanism. Tetrapentacontane is a part of fragrant molecules found in juvenile agarwood shown highest abundance (54.63%) at 21.477 RT followed by the others. This study performed for the first time on endosymbiotic microorganism present in the respective plant species and highlighted this endophytic fungus as a unique source of non-plant based bioactive compounds with future biotechnological consequence.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The effect of slip transfer on heterogeneous deformation of polycrystals has been a topic of recurring interest, as this process can either lead to the nucleation of damage, or prevent nucleation of ...damage. This paper examines recent experimental characterization of slip transfer in tantalum, TiAl, and Ti alloys. The methods used to analyze and assess evidence for the occurrence of slip transfer are discussed. Comparisons between a characterized and simulated patch of microstructure are used to illustrate synergy that leads to new insights that cannot arise with either approach alone.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background & objectives: India has been reporting the cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since January 30, 2020. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) formulated and established ...laboratory surveillance for COVID-19. In this study, an analysis of the surveillance data was done to describe the testing performance and descriptive epidemiology of COVID-19 cases by time, place and person.
Methods: The data were extracted from January 22 to April 30, 2020. The frequencies of testing performance were described over time and by place. We described cases by time (epidemic curve by date of specimen collection; seven-day moving average), place (area map) and person (attack rate by age, sex and contact status), and trends were represented along with public health measures and events.
Results: Between January 22 and April 30, 2020, a total of 1,021,518 individuals were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Testing increased from about 250 individuals per day in the beginning of March to 50,000 specimens per day by the end of April 2020. Overall, 40,184 (3.9%) tests were reported positive. The proportion of positive cases was highest among symptomatic and asymptomatic contacts, 2-3-fold higher than among those with severe acute respiratory infection, or those with an international travel history or healthcare workers. The attack rate (per million) by age was highest among those aged 50-69 yr (63.3) and was lowest among those under 10 yr (6.1). The attack rate was higher among males (41.6) than females (24.3). The secondary attack rate was 6.0 per cent. Overall, 99.0 per cent of 736 districts reported testing and 71.1 per cent reported COVID-19 cases.
Interpretation & conclusions: The coverage and frequency of ICMR's laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 improved over time. COVID-19 was reported from most parts of India, and the attack rate was more among men and the elderly and common among close contacts. Analysis of the data indicates that for further insight, additional surveillance tools and strategies at the national and sub-national levels are needed.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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