This study investigated terpene biosynthesis in basal and apical tissues of in vitro-grown plants of
Vitis vinifera
cv. Chardonnay infected or not (control) with
Phaeoacremonium parasiticum
. This ...pathogen is one of the prevalent agents involved in the grapevine “hoja de malvón” disease. The main terpene identified by gas chromatography electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EIMS) was nerolidol, which was found in apical and basal tissues at a concentration of ca. 0.12 μg mg FW
−1
. Consistent with this, an increment in terpene synthase (TPS) activity, assessed as tritiated farnesyl pyrophosphate (
1−3
H-FPP) transformed into hexane-soluble radioactive products in infected plants, was observed. TPS activity increased in correlation with the fungal concentration. Nerolidol inhibited in vitro mycelium growth and reduced fungal growth, in a concentration dependent manner. According to our results, the response of grapevine tissues to
Pm. parasiticum
is systemic, as it can be visualized by an augment of transcript abundance of
VvPNLinNer1
. It is also characterized by an increase of de novo synthesis of TPS responsible for the biosynthesis of phytoalexin nerolidol.
Key message
This is the first report in assessing in vitro grapevines response to woody fungus by modulating the route of terpene synthesis so increasing the phytoalexin nerolidol.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Western Europe boasts advanced health care systems, robust kidney care guidelines, and a well-established health care workforce. Despite this, significant disparities in kidney replacement therapy ...incidence, prevalence, and transplant access exist. This paper presents the third International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas’s findings on kidney care availability, accessibility, affordability, and quality in 22 Western European countries, representing 99% of the region’s population. The known chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence across Western Europe averages 10.6%, slightly above the global median. Cardiovascular diseases account for a substantial portion of CKD-related deaths. Kidney failure incidence varies. Government health expenditure differs; however, most countries offer government-funded acute kidney injury, dialysis, and kidney transplantation care. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are universally available, with variations in the number of dialysis centers. Kidney transplantation is available in all countries (except for 3 microstates), with variable transplant center prevalence. Conservative kidney management (CKM) is increasingly accessible. The region’s kidney care workforce is substantial, exceeding global averages; however, workforce shortages are reported. Barriers to optimal kidney care include limited workforce capacity, lack of surveillance mechanisms, and suboptimal integration into national noncommunicable disease (NCD) strategies. Policy recognition of CKD as a health priority varies across countries. Although Western Europe exhibits strong kidney care infrastructure, opportunities for improvement exist, particularly in CKD prevention, surveillance, awareness, and policy implementation. Efforts to improve CKD care should include automated detection, educational support, and enhanced workflows. Based on these findings, health care professionals, stakeholders, and policymakers are called to act to enhance kidney care across the region.
This study investigated terpene synthase (TPS) activity and terpene antifungal metabolites in calluses and cell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay infected with Phaecremonium ...parasiticum, one of the fungi associated with the grapevine diseases known as "hoja de malvón" and young vine decline. The highest TPS activity, assessed as tritiated farnesyl pyrophosphate (¹⁻³H-FPP) transformed into hexane-soluble radioactive products, was observed in both inoculated calluses and cell suspension cultures (CSC). When tested in inoculated cell suspension cultures the TPS activity was maximal at 8 h after ¹⁻³H-FPP application and then declined; this was associated with a temporary increase of the sesquiterpene nerolidol. Grape calluses produced: α-pinene, nerolidol and squalene whether or not they were inoculated with Pm. parasiticum. As fungal amount raised the relative concentration of α-pinene and nerolidol increased in respect to squalene in calluses. The TPS activity and nerolidol and α-pinene accumulation was correlated with the increase in the amount of inoculated fungus. Of the mentioned metabolites mainly squalene was identified from extracts of fungal cultures. The results suggest that the response of grapevine tissues to Pm. parasiticum is dependent on the pathogen concentration and is characterized by increasing TPS activity through de novo synthesis.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study investigated terpene synthase (TPS) activity and terpene antifungal metabolites in calluses and cell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay infected with Phaecremonium ...parasiticum, one of the fungi associated with the grapevine diseases known as “hoja de malvón” and young vine decline. The highest TPS activity, assessed as tritiated farnesyl pyrophosphate (1-3H-FPP) transformed into hexane-soluble radioactive products, was observed in both inoculated calluses and cell suspension cultures (CSC). When tested in inoculated cell suspension cultures the TPS activity was maximal at 8 h after 1-3H-FPP application and then declined; this was associated with a temporary increase of the sesquiterpene nerolidol. Grape calluses produced: α-pinene, nerolidol and squalene whether or not they were inoculated with Pm. parasiticum. As fungal amount raised the relative concentration of α-pinene and nerolidol increased in respect to squalene in calluses. The TPS activity and nerolidol and α-pinene accumulation was correlated with the increase in the amount of inoculated fungus. Of the mentioned metabolites mainly squalene was identified from extracts of fungal cultures. The results suggest that the response of grapevine tissues to Pm. parasiticum is dependent on the pathogen concentration and is characterized by increasing TPS activity through de novo synthesis.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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