We propose a model of eye-tracking data to understand information acquisition patterns on attribute-by-product matrices, which are common in online choice environments such as comparison websites. ...The objective is to investigate how consumers gather product and attribute information from moment to moment. We propose a hierarchical hidden Markov model that consists of three connected layers: a lower layer that describes the eye movements, a middle layer that identifies information acquisition processes, and an upper layer that captures strategy switching. The proposed model accounts for the data better than several alternative models. The results show that consumers switch frequently between acquisition strategies, and they obtain information on only two or three attributes or products in a particular acquisition strategy before switching. Horizontal and contiguous eye movements play an important role in information acquisition. Furthermore, our results shed new light on the phenomenon of gaze cascades during choice. We discuss the implications for Web design, online retailing, and new directions for research on online choice.
This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
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The Connected Customer Wuyts, Stefan H. K; Dekimpe, Marnik G; Gijsbrechts, Els ...
2010, 20110119, 2010-03-05, 2011-01-19
eBook
In today’s connected consumer environment, customers are better informed and harder to please, but they also leave a more visible evidence trail in the form of improved databases and customer ...information. Consumers are increasingly interconnected through various sorts of social networks, a trend that is facilitated by recent advances in electronic media and telecommunication (i.e., MySpace, Facebook, Twitter and Cyworld). Consumers are also increasingly connected with brands and seek to play a more participative role in their relationship with companies, stimulating companies to reconsider how to connect with consumers.
This book consists of a collection of chapters by thought-leaders in the field of marketing and beyond that deals with the rich facets of connectivity. This edited volume is a great source of research ideas and fresh theory building for academics and students in marketing and related fields who wish to understand this exciting field. It will be a source of inspiration for practitioners who are eager to take up the challenge and adapt their marketing strategies to the changing nature of consumer and business markets.
Stefan Wuyts is associate professor of marketing at Tilburg University, the Netherlands. After studying Business Engineering and Marketing, he joined the Tinbergen Institute (Erasmus University Rotterdam) as a doctoral student. His doctoral dissertation was awarded by the Dutch Royal Society for Economics. Stefan’s research interests include B2B markets, channel management, innovation, and social networks. His work in these areas has appeared in Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, and International Journal of Research in Marketin g, among other. In 2007, he was named a MSI (Marketing Science Institute) Young Scholar and published a monograph with Christophe Van den Bulte, ‘Social Networks and Marketing’ (MSI 2007). Stefan serves as area editor for International Journal of Research in Marketing and reviewer for Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Management Science, Journal of Operations Management, and Journal of International Business Studies . He has collaborated with several B2B companies such as ASML and Nexans.
Marnik G. Dekimpe (Ph.D., UCLA) is Research Professor of Marketing at Tilburg University (The Netherlands) and Professor of Marketing at the Catholic University Leuven (Belgium). His work has been published in Marketing Science, Management Science, the Journal of Marketing Research, the Journal of Marketing, the International Journal of Research in Marketing and the Journal of Econometrics , among others. He has won best-paper awards at Marketing Science (1995, 2001), the Journal of Marketing Research (1999), the International Journal of Research in Marketing (1997, 2001, 2002), and Technological Forecasting and Social Change (2000). As of October 2009, he becomes the editor of the International Journal of Research in Marketing . He also serves on the editorial board of Marketing Science , the Journal of Marketing Research, the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Interactive Marketing, and Marketing Letters . He is an Academic Trustee with both the Marketing Science Institute and AiMark.
Els Gijsbrechts is Professor of Quantitative Marketing at Tilburg University, the Netherlands. She received a PhD in Applied Economic Sciences from the University of Antwerp, and previously held positions at the University of Antwerp, FUCAM and the Catholic University of Leuven. She is Area Editor for the International Journal of Research in Marketing - the official journal of the European Marketing Academy. Her research focuses on modeling consumers' shopping behavior and their responses to retailer and manufacturer decisions such as shelf layout, price (promotions), branding, stock-outs and assortment decisions. She has been involved in research and teaching programs for various companies, such as GfK, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Heineken and Delhaize – to name just a few. Her research has been published in leading journals like the Journal of Marketing Research , the International Journal of Research in Marketing , and the Journal of Retailing , and received several nominations, such as those for the IJRM Best Paper Award , the Davidson Award , and the William O’Dell Award .
Rik Pieters is professor of marketing at Tilburg University and guest professor at the R.H. Smith School at University of Maryland. He holds a PhD in psychology from the University of Leiden. His work has appeared in Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Marketing Science, Management Science, Pint Bulletin, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of the American Statistical Association , among others. He is an area editor of Journal of Marketing Research . Together with Michel Wedel he organized the first conference on Visual Marketing at the University of Michigan. His research interests are effectiveness of marketing communication, the social and cognitive psychology of consumer behavior, visual marketing. When not doing research he collects data in various fields.
Preface. Introduction. Part 1. Connectivity and the New Reality of Markets C. Van den Bulte, Opportunities and Challenges in Studying Customer Networks. C.M. Henderson, R.W. Palmatier , Understanding the Relational Ecosystem in a Connected World. S. Wuyts , Connectivity, Control, and Constraint in Business Markets. Part 2. Leveraging Vertical Connectivity with Channel Partners and Brands N. Camacho, V. Landsman, S. Stremersch , The Connected Patient. B. Shiv , Is Mr. Spock a Good Candidate for Being a Connected Customer? The Role of Emotion in Decision Making. A. Rindfleisch, N. Wong, J.E. Burroughs , God and Mammon: The Influence of Religiosity on Brand Connections. R. Srivastava, T. Wiesel , Brand Platforms as Strategic Investments: Leveraging Customer Connections to Manage Profitability, Growth and Risk. Part 3. Leveraging Horizontal Connectivity Among Customers R. Burt , The Shadow of Other People: Socialization and Social Comparison in Marketing. R. van der Lans, G. Verbruggen , Viral Marketing: What is It and What are the Components of Viral Success? J. Goldenberg, S. Han, D.R. Lehmann , Social Connectivity, Opinion Leadership and Diffusion. A. Bonfrer , The Effect of Negative Word of Mouth in Social Networks.
"The mantra of marketing practice today is connectivity--creating deeper connections with customers to enhance brand equity, generate more loyalty, develop new products, and achieve other goals. This book features research by some of the world's best academics on the topic of connectivity. It is a must-read for any academic, student, or practitioner interested in what we know about viral marketing, social networks, emotion, word-of-mouth, and a number of other topics related to how to create and improve customer relationships." - Russell Winer, Chairman, Marketing Department, Stern School of Business, New York University, USA
" This is a timely topic that should find relatively broad interest. Moreover there are no up-to-date competing volumes and the line up of authors is strong." - Norbert Schwarz, University of Michigan, USA
"The focus on how consumers create networks with marketers and other consumers is an important topic. It has significant relevance to scholarship and research in the field. New ideas would be issues pertaining to connections between consumers and their service providers (e.g. doctors and their patients) social capital issues, and issues of how networks can be of strategic importance to both marketers and consumers. These are new and unique ideas." - Cornelia Otnes, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA
"This book offers unique evidence-based insights into a very important and evolving research domain: social networks and consumer connectivity. It is comprised of a well-connected set of scholarly contributions, made by top academic experts in the field. Its three-dimensional structure: overall connectivity, vertical connectivity, and horizontal connectivity, allows for an impressive coverage of what is known as well as what needs to be further researched. It can serve as a very useful guide book for those who want to understand the topic in depth and those interested in adding to the extant knowledge base." - Jehoshua Eliashberg, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, USA
(+/-) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") has been shown to cause long term damage to serotonergic cerebral neurons in animals. The neurotoxic effects in humans are less clear and ...little is known about the functional consequences, although some studies suggest memory impairment. Given the widespread use of MDMA, our lack of knowledge raises concerns.
We investigated, in humans, the relation between past use of ecstasy and cognitive performance as well as serotonergic function.
Two groups of 21 males with moderate and heavy recreational use of MDMA, respectively, and a control group of 20 males without use of MDMA were compared. All were from the same subculture. Reaction time, direct recall, and recognition were assessed. Serotonergic function was measured by the neuro-endocrine response to a placebo-controlled, crossover challenge with dexfenfluramine.
Ecstasy users showed a broad pattern of statistically significant, but clinically small, impairment of memory and prolonged reaction times. Heavy users were affected stronger than moderate users. Release of cortisol but not of prolactin after dexfenfluramine administration was significantly reduced in both groups of ecstasy users compared with the controls. Analyses of covariance showed that likely confounding variables including recent exposure to ecstasy, psychosocial profiles and use of other drugs did not explain the differences found between the groups.
These results provide further evidence that use of ecstasy may be associated with impairment of memory and of serotonergic function. These findings are compatible with neurotoxicity of ecstasy as shown in animals.
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meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) is a compound that is frequently used in challenge tests of the serotonergic system. Its human pharmacology is largely unexplored. The objective of this study was ...to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of mCPP. Eight female and six male healthy volunteers were included in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, three-way crossover design of single-dose intravenous (0.1 mg/kg), oral (0.5 mg/kg), and placebo treatment, with 24-hour follow-up. mCPP showed a large variability in clearance (11-92 mL/hr) and bioavailability (14-108%). Two female subjects dropped out because of headache and dysphoria. During the 27 occasions in which mCPP was administered, autonomic physical symptoms were observed in 23 subjects and disturbances of mood in 6 subjects. Oral and intravenous mCPP caused sudden increases in cortisol levels, prolactin levels, and total scores of the Body Sensation Questionnaire. Administration of mCPP also led to concentration-dependent increases of saccadic peak velocity and adaptive tracking performance and to a decrease of electroencephalographic occipital theta activity. No clinically relevant effects on electrocardiogram, temperature, and blood pressure were found. In conclusion, it is doubtful whether mCPP is a useful compound for challenge tests in view of the large pharmacokinetic variability after intravenous and oral administration. The effects of mCPP are consistent with disinhibition of the central nervous system.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether prospective parents, primarily referred for prenatal diagnosis to exclude Down syndrome, prefer to know the fetal sex as part of invasive ...testing. Methods. In this prospective study 400 pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis were invited to answer a questionnaire, including information about demographic factors, current pregnancy, and previous children. In two open-ended questions they were asked why they wanted to know the fetal sex after amniocentesis or ultrasound investigation. Scores were given for reasons that could have played a role in the wish whether or not to know the sex of their unborn child. Results. A total of 210 (52.5%) questionnaires were completed. Overall, 69.0% was interested to know the fetal sex as part of the diagnostic test result. The most important reasons were curiosity (77.8%), “just want to know” (68.0%), and “because it is possible” (66.8%). The overall knowledge of sex chromosomal disorders appeared low and did not seem to affect the parent’s wish to know the fetal sex. Almost all women (96.6%) planned to have a 20-week ultrasound scan and 96.2% thought the scan to be reliable in detecting the fetal sex. A minority (28%) was willing to learn the fetal sex by ultrasound examination, whereas 65% preferred to learn the fetal sex only after the amniocentesis. Conclusion. Personal values affect the parental desire to know or not to know the fetal sex. This does not appear to be affected by invasive prenatal testing and/or genetic knowledge of sex chromosomal disorders.
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