In commonly used tissue culture cells, caveolin-1 is embedded in caveolae membranes. It appears to reach this location after being cotranslationally inserted into ER membranes, processed in the Golgi ...and shipped to the cell surface. We now report that caveolae are not the preferred location for caveolin-1 in all cell types. Skeletal muscle cells and keratinocytes target caveolin-1 to the cytosol while in exocrine and endocrine cells it accumulates in the secretory pathway. We also found that airway epithelial cells accumulate caveolin-1 in modified mitochondria. The cytosolic and the secreted forms appear to be incorporated into a soluble, lipid complex. We conclude that caveolin-1 can be targeted to a variety of intracellular destinations, which suggests a novel mechanism for the intracellular traffic of this protein.
Children are capable of initiating COVID-19 transmission into households, but many questions remain about the impact of vaccination on transmission. Data from a COVID-19 Delta variant outbreak at an ...overnight camp in Texas during June 23-27, 2021, were analyzed. The camp had 451 attendees, including 364 youths aged < 18 years and 87 adults. Detailed interviews were conducted with 92 (20.4%) of consenting attendees and 117 household members of interviewed attendees with COVID-19. Among 450 attendees with known case status, the attack rate was 41%, including 42% among youths; attack rates were lower among vaccinated (13%) than among unvaccinated youths (48%). The secondary attack rate was 51% among 115 household contacts of 55 interviewed index patients. Secondary infections occurred in 67% of unvaccinated household members and 33% of fully or partially vaccinated household members. Analyses suggested that household member vaccination and camp attendee masking at home protected against household transmission.
•The polygonal FEM based on the Wachspress shape function is used for 2D heat conduction problems.•The present model possesses the super convergence and the high precision in temperature and ...equivalent energy.•The proposed model performs excellently for traditional triangular and quadrilateral elements.
In this paper, a general polygonal finite element method (FEM-polygon) based on the Wachspress shape function is used to solve two-dimensional heat conduction problems. The finite element variational form of the heat conduction problem is first established based on the weighted residual method. Then the formulations of the thermal stiffness matrix, thermal damping matrix, and nodal heat vector are derived using the Wachspress coordinates. The global stiffness matrix is further assembled and the well-behaved algebraic equations of the thermal system are established. Finally, intensive numerical tests are conducted to verify the super convergence in temperature and the high precision in equivalent energy and temperature gradient of the present FEM-polygon for 2D heat conduction problems. Besides, the proposed model also performs excellently for traditional triangular and quadrilateral elements.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
1 Experimental Research
Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, and
2 Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, University of Louisville and Jewish Hospital Heart and Lung
Institute, Louisville, ...Kentucky 40202
Using conscious
rabbits, we examined the effect of ischemic preconditioning (PC) on p44
and p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). We found that both
isoforms contribute significantly to total MAPK activity in the heart
(in-gel kinase assay: p44, 59 ± 1%; p42, 41 ± 1%). Ischemic
PC (6 cycles of 4-min occlusion/4-min reperfusion) elicited a
pronounced increase in total cellular MAPK activity (+89%). This
increase, which occurred exclusively in the nuclear fraction, was
contributed by both isoforms (in-gel kinase assay: p44, +97%; p42,
+210%) and was accompanied by migration of the two proteins from the
cytosolic to the nuclear compartment. In control rabbits, MAPK kinase
(MEK)1 and MEK2, direct activators of p44 and p42 MAPKs, were located
almost exclusively in the cytosolic fraction. Ischemic PC induced a
marked increase in cytosolic MEK activity (+164%), whereas nuclear MEK
activity did not change, indicating that MEK-induced activation of
MAPKs occurred in the cytosolic compartment. Activation of MAPKs after
ischemic PC was completely blocked by the protein kinase C (PKC)
inhibitor chelerythrine. Selective overexpression of PKC- in adult
rabbit cardiomyocytes induced activation of both p44 and p42 MAPKs and
reduced lactate dehydrogenase release during simulated
ischemia-reperfusion, which was abolished by the MEK inhibitor
PD-98059. The results demonstrate that
1 ) ischemic PC induces a rapid
activation of p44 and p42 MAPKs in hearts of conscious rabbits;
2 ) the mechanism of this phenomenon
involves activation of p44 and p42 MAPKs in the cytosol and their
subsequent translocation to the nucleus; and
3 ) it occurs via a PKC-mediated
signaling pathway. The in vitro data implicate PKC- as the specific
isoform responsible for PKC-induced MAPK activation and suggest that
p44/p42 MAPKs contribute to PKC- -mediated protection against
simulated ischemia. The results are compatible with the
hypothesis that p44 and p42 MAPKs may play a role in myocardial
adaptations to ischemic stress.
extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2; mitogen-activated
protein kinase kinases 1 and 2; protein kinase C- isoform; nuclear
translocation
The process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} is studied with a semi-inclusive method using data samples at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV collected with the BESIII detector ...operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections of the process are measured for the first time with high precision in this energy region. Two resonance structures are observed in the energy-dependent cross sections around 4.2 and 4.4 GeV. By fitting the cross sections with a coherent sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes and one phase-space amplitude, the two significant structures are assigned masses of (4186.8±8.7±30) and (4414.6±3.4±6.1) MeV/c^{2}, widths of (55±15±53) and (122.5±7.5±8.1) MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The inclusion of a third Breit-Wigner amplitude is necessary to describe a structure around 4.79 GeV.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
46.
Design and construction of the BESIII detector Cao, X.X.; Chang, J.F.; Chen, C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2010, Volume:
614, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This paper will discuss the design and construction of BESIII, which is designed to study physics in the
τ-charm energy region utilizing the new high luminosity BEPCII double ring e
+e
− collider. ...The expected performance will be given based on Monte Carlo simulations and results of cosmic ray and beam tests. In BESIII, tracking and momentum measurements for charged particles are made by a cylindrical multilayer drift chamber in a 1
T superconducting solenoid. Charged particles are identified with a time-of-flight system based on plastic scintillators in conjunction with
dE/dx (energy loss per unit pathlength) measurements in the drift chamber. Energies of electromagnetic showers are measured by a CsI(Tl) crystal calorimeter located inside the solenoid magnet. Muons are identified by arrays of resistive plate chambers in a steel magnetic yoke for the flux return. The level 1 trigger system, data acquisition system and the detector control system based on networked computers will also be described.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The molecular weight of humic substances influences their proton and metal binding, organic pollutant partitioning, adsorption onto minerals and activated carbon, and behavior during water treatment. ...We propose a log-normal model for the molecular weight distribution in aquatic fulvic acids to provide a conceptual framework for studying these size effects. The normal curve mean and standard deviation are readily calculated from measured M n and M w and vary from 2.7 to 3 for the means and from 0.28 to 0.37 for the standard deviations for typical aquatic fulvic acids. The model is consistent with several types of molecular weight data, including the shapes of high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) peaks. Applications of the model to electrostatic interactions, pollutant solubilization, and adsorption are explored in illustrative calculations.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The yeast cadmium factor (YCF1) gene encodes an MgATP-energized glutathione S-conjugate transporter responsible for the vacuolar sequestration of organic compounds after their S-conjugation with ...glutathione. However, while YCF1 was originally isolated according to its ability to confer resistance to cadmium salts, neither its mode of interaction with Cd2+ nor the relationship between this process and organic glutathione-conjugate transport are known. Here we show through direct comparisons between vacuolar membrane vesicles purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain DTY167, harboring a deletion of the YCF1 gene, and the isogenic wild-type strain DTY165 that YCF1 mediates the MgATP-energized vacuolar accumulation of Cd glutathione complexes. The substrate requirements, kinetics and Cd2+/glutathione stoichiometry of cadmium uptake and the molecular weight of the transport-active complex demonstrate that YCF1 selectively catalyzes the transport of bis(glutathionato)cadmium (Cd-GS2). On the basis of these results-the Cd2+ hypersensitivity of DTY167, versus DTY165, cells, the inducibility of YCF1-mediated transport, and the rapidity and spontaneity of Cd.GS2 formation--this new pathway is concluded to contribute substantially to Cd2+ detoxification
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cigarette smoking, the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has been implicated as a risk factor for severe disease in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory ...syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we show that mice with lung epithelial cell-specific loss of function of
, which we identified as a negative regulator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, spontaneously develop progressive age-related changes resembling COPD. Furthermore, loss of Miz1 up-regulates the expression of
, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Concomitant partial loss of
κ
prevented the development of COPD-like phenotype in
-deficient mice. Miz1 protein levels are reduced in the lungs from patients with COPD, and in the lungs of mice exposed to chronic cigarette smoke. Our data suggest that Miz1 down-regulation-induced sustained activation of NF-κB-dependent inflammation in the lung epithelium is sufficient to induce progressive lung and airway destruction that recapitulates features of COPD, with implications for COVID-19.
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