Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections account for approximately 780,000 deaths per year, most of which occur in the developing world. Co-infection with HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) may lead to ...the most severe form of viral hepatitis. In Ghana, knowledge on the prevalence of HBV and HDV in the general population is scanty and the few genetic analyses of the prevailing HBV genotypes are dating back more than a decade. In the present study, 1,323 serum samples from individuals living in a rural area (Offin river valley) of Ghana were analyzed for the presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Positive sera were subsequently tested for the presence of anti-HDV antibodies. A total of 107 (8%) sera were HBsAg positive with an 8.4% prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBsAg positives. Phylogenetic analysis based on HBV pre-S/S sequences, attributed all 52 typable samples to genotype E. All belonged to serotype ayw4. While 19 sequences clustered with those from a number of African countries, the other 33 formed a separate cluster distinguished by an intergroup mean distance of 1.5% from the pan-African HBV/E cluster. Successful implementation of HBV vaccination in the region was reflected by the low HBsAg carrier rate of 1.8% among children ≤11 years.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 257 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), with approximately 15 million of them being ...coinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). To investigate the prevalence and transmission of HBV and HDV within the general population of a rural village in Cameroon, we analyzed serum samples from most (401/448) of the villagers. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 54 (13.5%) of the 401 samples, with 15% of them also containing anti-HDV antibodies. Although Cameroon has integrated HBV vaccination into their Expanded Program on Immunization for newborns in 2005, an HBsAg carriage rate of 5% was found in children below the age of 5 years. Of the 54 HBsAg-positive samples, 49 HBV pre-S/S sequences (7 genotype A and 42 genotype E sequences) could be amplified by PCR. In spite of the extreme geographical restriction in the recruitment of study participants, a remarkable genetic diversity within HBV genotypes was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences obtained from PCR products combined with demographic information revealed that the presence of some genetic variants was restricted to members of one household, indicative of intrafamilial transmission, which appears to take place at least in part perinatally from mother to child. Other genetic variants were more widely distributed, reflecting horizontal interhousehold transmission. Data for two households with more than one HBV-HDV-coinfected individual indicate that the two viruses are not necessarily transmitted together, as family members with identical HBV sequences had different HDV statuses.
This study revealed that the prevalence of HBV and HDV in a rural area of Cameroon is extremely high, underlining the pressing need for the improvement of control strategies. Systematic serological and phylogenetic analyses of HBV sequences turned out to be useful tools to identify networks of virus transmission within and between households. The high HBsAg carriage rate found among children demonstrates that implementation of the HBV birth dose vaccine and improvement of vaccine coverage will be key elements in preventing both HBV and HDV infections. In addition, the high HBsAg carriage rate in adolescents and adults emphasizes the need for identification of chronically infected individuals and linkage to WHO-recommended treatment to prevent progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Dengue fever can be caused by one of four distinct dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that cocirculate in many parts of the world. Point of care serotype-specific nonstructural protein-1 (NS1) capture ...assays for the rapid serotyping of DENV in human sera would greatly support epidemiological surveillance and potentially also prognosis in individual patients. To ensure both serotype specificity and broad coverage of variants within serotypes, we have applied an innovative approach for the generation and selection of serotype-specific anti-NS1 mAbs. To elicit mAbs against conformational epitopes, NMRI mice were immunized with living HEK 293 transfectants expressing the native target Ags in multiple display on the cell surface. For each serotype, three different NS1 sequence variants were sequentially used for immunization of mice, hybridoma selection, and capture assay development, respectively. Selection of optimal combinations of capturing and detecting mAbs yielded highly sensitive and specific NS1 serotyping ELISAs (st-ELISAs) for the four serotypes. st-ELISA testing of 41 dengue patient sera showed a 100% concordance with the serotype determined by serotype-specific reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR. The respective NS1 variants could be detected for ∼10 d after the onset of illness. Ab-dependent enhancement of DENV infections may be associated with a specific range of pre-existing anti-DENV serological Ab titers. Testing of patient sera with the developed st-ELISAs will not only be useful for epidemiological studies and surveillance, but it may also help to develop and validate assays that can distinguish protective versus enhancing Ab responses for risk assessment for the development of severe dengue disease in individual patients.
Due to their rising incidence and progressive geographical spread, infections with mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue (DENV), chikungunya and zika virus, have developed into major public health ...challenges. Since all of these viruses may cause similar symptoms and can occur in concurrent epidemics, tools for their differential diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring are of urgent need.
Here we report the application of a novel strategy to rapidly generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against native viral antigens, exemplified for the DENV nonstructural glycoprotein 1 (NS1). The described system is based on the immunization of mice with transfected mammalian cells expressing the target antigens in multiple displays on their cell surface and thereby presenting them efficiently to the host immune system in their native conformation. By applying this cell-based approach to the DENV NS1 protein of serotypes 1 (D1NS1) and 4 (D4NS1), we were able to rapidly generate panels of DENV NS1 serotype cross-reactive, as well as D1NS1- and D4NS1 serotype-specific mAbs. Our data show that the generated mAbs were capable of recognizing the endogenous NS1 protein in DENV-containing biological samples.
The use of this novel immunization strategy, allows for a fast and efficient generation of hybridoma cell lines, producing mAbs against native viral antigens. Envisaged applications of the mAbs include the development of test platforms enabling a differentiation of the DENV serotypes and high resolution immunotyping for epidemiological studies.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The performance of the microbiota is observed in several digestive tract diseases. Therefore, reaching the biliary microbiota may suggest ways for studies of biomarkers, diagnoses, tests and ...therapies in hepatobiliopancreatic diseases.
Bile samples will be collected in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography patients (case group) and living liver transplantation donors (control group). We will characterize the microbiome based on two types of sequence data: the V3/V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and total shotgun DNA. For 16S sequencing data a standard 16S processing pipeline based on the Amplicon Sequence Variant concept and the qiime2 software package will be employed; for shotgun data, for each sample we will assemble the reads and obtain and analyze metagenome-assembled genomes.
The primary expected results of the study is to characterize the specific composition of the biliary microbiota in situations of disease and health. In addition, it seeks to demonstrate the existence of changes in the case of illness and also possible disease biomarkers, diagnosis, interventions and therapies in hepatobiliopancreatic diseases.
NCT04391426. Registered 18 May 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04391426.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Due to social and individual conditions and access to health services, Amazonian riverside populations are highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections, including
. The aim is to estimate the ...seroprevalence of
and analyze the associated factors among riverside dwellers in a capital city in the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional study was carried out with residents of the Combu Island, Belém. The study sample was calculated using the population survey technique in the EPI INFO. Only people aged 18 and over were included. ELISA serology was performed to detect antibodies against
. For data collection, a form containing vulnerability factor questions was applied. Binary regression analysis was performed using the Minitab 20 program. The study sample consisted of 325 participants. The prevalence of IgG/IgM antibodies against
was 22.2% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multiple regression, only participants with a broken condom were more likely to have antibodies against the bacteria (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.01; 3.37;
= 0.046). Seroprevalence was associated with condom breakage. This factor demonstrates that despite having an attitude towards condom use, probably, they may have inadequate knowledge about the correct practice of introduction.
Submitted by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-10-23T13:30:15Z;
No. of bitstreams: 1;
carlos_a_p_nascimento_ioc_bcm_0045_2011.pdf: 1006058 bytes, checksum: ...e670c764b773d1d5bd9fa107d877a76b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T13:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1;
carlos_a_p_nascimento_ioc_bcm_0045_2011.pdf: 1006058 bytes, checksum: e670c764b773d1d5bd9fa107d877a76b (MD5);
Previous issue date: 2011
CNPq;
FAPERJ
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
O Torque teno virus (TTV) é um vírus de DNA do gênero Alphatorquevirus;
da família Anelloviridae. O TTV é altamente prevalente em populações de todo;
o mundo. Isolados foram classificados em cinco grupos filogenéticos (1-5) com;
grande distância genética entre eles. A presença do TTV já foi detectada nas;
fezes, porém, não se sabe se todos os cinco genogrupos do TTV são;
excretados nas fezes, e qual a distribuição do TTV entre os genogrupos. A fim;
de avaliar a presença, a diversidade genômica e a carga viral do TTV em fezes,;
135 amostras de pacientes com gastroenterite foram analisadas. O DNA do;
TTV foi extraído de suspensão fecal e três diferentes métodos de reação em;
cadeia da polimerase (PCR), dois qualitativos e um quantitativo, foram;
avaliados. Nas amostras de fezes estudadas, 123 (91,1%) foram positivas em;
pelo menos um dos três métodos. O DNA do TTV pertencente aos genogrupos;
de 1 a 5 foi detectado em 37 (27,4%), 27 (20,0%), 57 (42,2%), 29 (21,5%) e;
33 (24,4%) amostras, respectivamente. Co-infecções com dois, três, quatro e;
cinco genogrupos do TTV foram encontradas em 23 (17,0%), 15 (11,1%), 7;
(5,2%) e 7 (5,2%) amostras fecais, respectivamente. Assim, 52 (38,5%);
amostras continham mais de um genogrupo de TTV. A carga viral variou de 2,6;
a 6,5 log de genoma equivalentes por grama de fezes. No entanto, variações;
de carga viral foram observadas em função do genogrupo detectado e do;
número de genogrupos presentes simultaneamente. Os resultados encontrados;
são os primeiros a mostrar a alta prevalência e a diversidade de TTV nas fezes;
humanas.
Torque teno virus (TTV) is a DNA virus of the genus Alphatorquevirus of;
Anelloviridae family. The TTV is highly prevalent in populations from around the;
world. Isolates have been classified into at least five main phylogenetic groups;
(1-5) showing a large genetic distance between them. The presence of TTV has;
been detected in feces. However, are presently unknown whether all five TTV;
genogroups are excreted in feces and the genogroup distribution. To evaluate;
the presence and the genomic distribution of TTV DNA in feces, 135 samples of;
patients with gastroenteritis were analyzed. The DNA was extracted of fecal;
suspension and three different PCR methods, two qualitative and one;
quantitative, were used. One hundred and twenty three (91.1%) samples were;
positive with at least one method. The TTV DNA belonging to the genogroups 1;
to 5 was detected in 37 (27.4%), 27 (20.0%), 57 (42.2%), 29 (21.5%) and 33;
(24.4%) fecal samples, respectively. Coinfections with two, three, four and five;
TTV genogroups were found in 23 (17.0%), 15 (11.1%), 7 (5.2%) and 7 (5.2%);
fecal samples, respectively. Thus, 52 (38.5%) samples contained more than;
one TTV genogroup. Viral loads ranged from 2.6 to 6.5 log genome equivalents;
per gram of feces. However, variations of viral load were noted depending on;
genogroup and number of coinfecting TTV genogroups. These results are the;
first to show high prevalence and the diversity of TTV isolates in human feces.
The objective of this work is to show the performance of the palliative treatment of Feline Viral Immunodeficiency - IVF and its capacity to recover the quality of life of the animals that were ...affected by the disease. Thus, a case report of an animal attended at the University Veterinary Hospital - HVU of Teresina - PI, a cat, male, SRD, in two years old, weighing 6 kg was carried out. The owner reported that a week ago the abdomen of the animal has increased in size, had normodipsia, normofagia, feeding based on ration and chicken, was not able to inform if the animal was urinating or as were the stool, delayed vermifugetion, vaccinated against rabies, uncastrated, with access to the street, lives together with a jaboti (Chelonoidis carbonária), two dogs, three kittens, all healthy. On September 3, 2017 the animal returned to HVU - UFPI, with the result of all the exams, and the animal reacted positive in the test for detection of "FIV" antibody. Like other diseases caused by retroviruses, feline immunodeficiency has no cure, so it is essential that it is dedicated to preventing this disease. Infected animals should be given extra care so that they continue to live normally, with quality of life and well-being. The disease should not be treated as a death certificate and should always remember that even if there is no cure, treatment palliative is an alternative to care for the lives of these animals.
O objetivo do trabalho é mostrar o desempenho do tratamento paliativo da Imunodeficiência Viral Felina - FIV e sua capacidade de recuperar a qualidade de vida dos animais que foram acometidos pela doença. Desta forma foi realizado um relato de caso de um animal atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário - HVU de Teresina – PI, um gato, macho, SRD, de 2 anos de idade, pesando 6 kg. O proprietário relatou que há uma semana o abdômen do animal aumentou de tamanho, o mesmo apresentava normodipsia, normofagia, alimentação a base de ração e frango, não soube informar se o animal estava urinando ou como estava as fezes, vermifugação atrasada, vacinado contra raiva, não castrado, com acesso à rua, convive com um jaboti, dois cães, três gatos filhotes todos saudáveis. No dia 03 de setembro de 2017 o animal retornou ao HVU – UFPI, com o resultado de todos os exames, tendo o animal reagido positivo no teste para detecção de anticorpo “FIV”. Assim como outras doenças causadas por retrovírus, a imunodeficiência felina não tem cura, por isso é essencial que se dedique na prevenção desta enfermidade. Animais infectados devem ter cuidados redobrados para que os mesmos continuem vivendo normalmente, com qualidade de vida e bem-estar. A doença não deve ser tratada como um atestado de óbito, devendo lembrar sempre que mesmo não existindo cura, o tratamento paliativo é uma alternativa para zelar a vida desses animais.Palavras chave: animal, doença, infectado
PDF
